Toward this end, statistical genetic studies have consistently revealed the relevance of environmental and genetic risk factors in the genesis of inter-individual differences in ASB. Family studies—mostly conducted in samples of European ancestry—have demonstrated a considerable heritable component for ASB, with estimates of ~50% [9] across studies. The increasing availability of genome-wide data along with data on dimensional ASB measures facilitates in building more advanced explanatory models aimed at identifying trait-relevant genetic variants, that could serve as moderators of socio-environmental factors and vice versa. Moreover, while heritability estimates can differ across subtypes of ASB (e.g., significantly higher twin-based heritability estimates for aggressive forms (65%) versus non-aggressive, rule-breaking forms (48%) of ASB [10]), these subtypes are genetically correlated (rg = 0.38) [11].
