Mood and anxiety disorders included in the survey were panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive episode and manic episode. All mood and anxiety diagnoses were primary or independent, e.g they excluded disorders that were substance-induced or due to a general medical condition. Lifetime history of suicide attempt, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conduct disorder, as well as lifetime addiction - including pathological gambling, nicotine dependence, cannabis, cocaine, opioid, amphetamine, solvent, tranquilizer, sedative, hallucinogen and heroin abuse or dependence - were all assessed through the AUDADIS-IV and defined by DSM-IV criteria. Sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, marital status, income, urbanicity and region were used as covariates in the analyses. Age at interview was categorized into 4 groups: (1) 18–29 years, (2) 30–44 years, (3) 45–64 years and (4) 65 years and older. Race/ethnicity was categorized into 5 groups: (1) white, (2) black, (3) American Indian/Alaska Native, (4) Asian Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and (5) Hispanic/Latino. Educational level distinguished 3 groups: (1) less than high school, (2) high school graduate and (3) some college or higher. Marital
