ERP and RT delays in long-term abstinent alcoholics in processing of emotional facial expressions during gender and emotion categorization tasks.
- Authors
- Fein, George; Key, Kameron; Szymanski, Michael D
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
- PMID
- 20477779
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01189.x
- PMCID
- PMC3260012
BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence that alcoholics differ from nonalcoholics in the processing of stimuli that have emotional content. The current study examines those differences that are present in multi-year abstinent individuals. METHODS: We compared reaction time (RT), accuracy, and Event Related Potentials (ERP) measures in long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA, n = 52) with that in age- and gender-comparable nonalcoholic controls (NAC, n = 47). Subjects were presented with male and female faces exhibiting happy, neutral, or sad facial expressions and were instructed to identify the picture gender in 1 task and the emotion being expressed in a subsequent task. RESULTS: LTAA had slower RTs than NAC when instructed to identify emotion, while RT was comparable when identifying gender. There were no differences between groups on task accuracy. P160 latency was increased in LTAA for both tasks compared to NAC, though P160 amplitude did not differ between groups. The P160 effect was about 5 x as large as the RT effect and was statistically independent of the RT effect, while the RT effect was no longer present after removing variance because of the P160 effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate slower early processing of emotional facial stimuli in alcoholics that is unresolved by long-term abstinence and is most sensitively indexed by delayed P160 latency in LTAA.
Examples of female and male happy, neutral, and sad emotional facial expressions. In the emotion identification task participants were instructed to classify each facial expression as ‘happy,’ ‘neutral,’ or ‘upset’ with a button press. In the gender task the response choices were to identify each picture as ‘male’ or ‘female’.
Color maps used to identify time course of maximal amplitude in the midline electrodes, showing intensity in μV, coded by color, by time in ms across electrodes anterior to posterior.
The averaged waveform from LTAA, emotion task, sad picture emotion, with head contour plots that illustrate the scalp distribution of the P160. A P300 peak was present and is representative of other conditions.
Mean RT of both groups for the emotion and gender tasks by facial expression.
The mean RT and SD of both groups for the emotion and gender identification tasks broken down by picture sex and picture emotion.
Grand averages of EEG waveforms comparing P160 in LTAA to NAC in emotion and gender identification tasks. Note the increased latencies for alcoholics.
Mean latencies and standard errors for P160 in emotion and gender identification tasks. Note the significant interaction of group (LTAA, NAC) by picture emotion between tasks (F(2, 98) = 8.27, p = 0.001).
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