Early auditory gamma-band responses in patients at clinical high risk for schizophrenia.
- Authors
- Perez, Veronica B; Roach, Brian J; Woods, Scott W; Srihari, Vinod H; McGlashan, Thomas H; Ford, Judith M; Mathalon, Daniel H
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology
- PMID
- 24053038
- DOI
- 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5307-8.00010-7
- PMCID
- PMC4120874
BACKGROUND: Gamma-band oscillations and their synchronization have been implicated in the coordination of activity between distributed neuronal assemblies in the service of sensory registration of stimuli and perceptual binding of their features. Prior electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of chronic schizophrenia patients have documented deficits in the magnitude and/or phase synchrony of stimulus-evoked gamma oscillations, findings that have been linked to neurotransmission abnormalities involving GABA and NMDA-glutamate receptors. However, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are present at the onset of the illness, or indeed, whether they are present during the prodromal period preceding illness onset. Accordingly, we examined the magnitude and phase synchrony of the transient gamma-band response (GBR) elicited by an auditory stimulus in young patients with schizophrenia and in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis based on their manifestation of putatively prodromal symptoms. METHODS: EEG was recorded during an auditory oddball target detection task in three groups: young schizophrenia patients early in their illness (YSZ; n = 19), patients at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; n = 55), and healthy controls (HC; n = 42). Single-trial EEG epochs and the average event-related potential time-locked to standard tones from the oddball task were subjected to time-frequency decomposition using Morlet wavelet transformations. The GBR between 50 and 100 ms following the tone onset was quantified in terms of evoked power, total power, and the phase-locking factor (PLF) reflecting cross-trial phase synchrony. RESULTS: GBR evoked power was significantly reduced in YSZ (p < 0.01) and CHR (p < 0.05) patients, relative to HC. Similarly, GBR PLF was significantly reduced in YSZ (p < 0.01) and showed a marginal reduction in CHR patients (p = 0.057), relative to HC. GBR total power was not reduced in CHR patients (p = 0.68) and showed only a trend level reduction in YSZ (p = 0.072). Within the CHR group. there were no significant GBR differences between the patients who converted to a psychotic disorder and those who did not convert to psychosis during a 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Reductions in the transient auditory GBR, as reflected by evoked power and phase synchrony, are evident in the early stages of schizophrenia and appear to precede psychosis onset. However, the absence of total power GBR abnormalities in CHR patients, with only a trend toward reduction in YSZ patients, suggests that the magnitude of the GBR is intact early in the course
GBR Factor Loadings.Time-frequency (TF) factor loadings are plotted from a principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation for (a) total power, (b) evoked power, and (c) phase-locking factor gamma-band responses (GBR). Time (ms) is plotted on the x-axis; EEG frequency (Hz) is plotted on the y-axis. Stimulus onset occurred at 0 ms. Below each TF plot, scalp topography maps for each group (Healthy Control (HC), Clinical High-Risk (CHR), and Young Schizophrenia (YSZ)) show a fronto-central distribution for each GBR across groups. YSZ show reduced GBRs relative to HC. CHR are intermediate to the HC and YSZ groups. Scaling was uniform across groups. Greater total power and evoked power GBRs, and greater phase-locking consistency across trials, is shown in hot colors (red), as indicated on the color scale to the right of each TF plot.
Group Differences in Age-Corrected GBR PCA Factor Scores.Mean (± standard error) age-corrected PCA factor z-scores for the GBR in the Healthy Control (HC) group, Clinical High-Risk (CHR), and Young Schizophrenia (YSZ) patients to frequent stimuli during the auditory oddball task. In (a), marginal group differences between the YSZ and HC groups for Total Power are plotted. CHR did not show a difference in Total Power from HC. In (b), significant CHR and YSZ deviations from HC Evoked Power are plotted. In (c), YSZ show reductions in Phase-Locking Factor relative to HC, with a trend for CHR to have reduced values relative to HC. [* p<.02, † p<0.08]
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| The decoupling of structural and functional connectivity of auditory networks in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. | Langhein M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| EEG-Based Measures in At-Risk Mental State and Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. | Perrottelli A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Association of Magnetoencephalographically Measured High-Frequency Oscillations in Visual Cortex With Circuit Dysfunctions in Local and Large-scale Networks During Emerging Psychosis. | Grent-'t-Jong T et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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