Stressed Liver and Muscle Call on Adipocytes with FGF21.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Luo, Yongde; McKeehan, Wallace L
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Frontiers in endocrinology
- PMID
- 24385972
- DOI
- 10.3389/fendo.2013.00194
- PMCID
- PMC3866528
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an emerging regulator of local and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Treatment with pharmacological levels of FGF21 alleviates obesity and associated metabolic diseases including diabetes. However, beyond anti-obesogenic effects, the normal roles and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 as an endocrine hormone remain unclear. A recent wave of studies has revealed that FGF21 is a stress-induced endocrine factor in liver, muscle, and other tissues that targets adipose tissue and adipocytes through the FGFR1-betaKlotho complex. Adipose tissues and adipocytes within diverse tissues respond with metabolites and adipokine signals that affect functions of body tissues systemically and cells within the local microenvironment adjacent to adipocytes. Normally this is to prevent impaired tissue-specific function and damage to diverse tissues secreting FGF21 in response to chronic stress. Therefore, diverse stressed tissues and the adipose tissue and adipocytes constitute a beneficial endocrine and paracrine communication network through FGF21. Here we attempt to unify these developments with beneficial pharmacological effects of FGF21 on obesity in respect to inter-organ stress communication and mechanisms.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a stress hormone acting via a tissue-adipocyte communication axis. Stressed tissues through induction of FGF21 (left box) alert adipocytes by activating the adipocyte FGFR1-KLB complex (center box). Adipocytes respond with secretory metabolic products and adipokines that alleviate tissue-specific stress through modification of cellular pathways whose alterations (right box) are a potentially destructive result of systemic or internal cellular stress (left box). Systemic FGF21 acts on adipocytes in major adipose depots or in the microenvironment of peripheral tissues. Breast is shown as an example of the latter. FGF21-induced adipocyte secretory products, such as adiponectin, leptin, and free fatty acids (FFAs), act both systemically or in the local microenvironment (center box) to affect stressed organs or parenchymal cells, respectively.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Conflict of Interest Statement | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial⦠|
β Prev
21β21 of 21
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| activating antibody local | drug |
| adipocyte lipolysis | phenotype |
| adipocytes local | phenotype |
| adipokines | drug |
| adipokines local | phenotype |
| adiponectin | drug |
| Adiponectin action local | phenotype |
| adipose tissue | phenotype |
| Akt | gene |
| anti-diabetic effects | phenotype |
| anti-obese effects local | phenotype |
| anti-obesogenic effect local | phenotype |
| ATF4 | gene |
| autophagy/mitophagy defects local | phenotype |
| bile acid local | drug |
| bile acid levels local | phenotype |
| body weight | phenotype |
| brain function | phenotype |
| brown adipose tissue | phenotype |
| chemical insult local | phenotype |
| ChREBP local | gene |
| chronic exercise local | phenotype |
| chronic muscular hyperinsulinemia local | phenotype |
| chronic tissue-specific stress-related disease local | phenotype |
| cold stress adaptation local | phenotype |
| diabetes | phenotype |
| dorsal vagal complex local | anatomy |
| endocrine FGF local | drug |
| energy expenditure | phenotype |
| energy homeostasis | phenotype |
| fatty acids | drug |
| fatty acids local | phenotype |
| fatty liver | phenotype |
| Fe-S cluster deficiency local | phenotype |
| FGF19 local | drug |
| FGF19 local | gene |
| Fgf21 | gene |
| FGF23 local | drug |
| FGFR1 | gene |
| FGFR1-KL local | gene |
| FGFR1-KLB complex local | drug |
| FGFR4 | gene |
| glucose | drug |
| Glucose clearance local | phenotype |
| heparan sulfate proteoglycans | drug |
| hepatic regenerative response local | phenotype |
| hepatic steatosis | phenotype |
| hepatocytes local | phenotype |
| hepatocyte steatosis local | phenotype |
| hepatosteatosis | phenotype |
| hindbrain | anatomy |
| insulin sensitivity | phenotype |
| ketogenesis | phenotype |
| KL local | gene |
| Klb | gene |
| leptin | drug |
| Lipid clearance local | phenotype |
| lipodystrophy | phenotype |
| lipogenesis | phenotype |
| lipotoxic environment local | phenotype |
| liver cancer | phenotype |
| Liver cirrhosis | phenotype |
| liver injury | phenotype |
| LXR | gene |
| metabolic stress local | phenotype |
| metabolic syndrome | phenotype |
| mineral overload stress local | phenotype |
| mineral re-absorption levels local | phenotype |
| mitochondrial function | phenotype |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency local | phenotype |
| muscular abnormalities local | phenotype |
| muscular lipid overload local | phenotype |
| Muscular metabolic stress local | phenotype |
| muscular mitochondrial energy dysfunction local | phenotype |
| Neural stress local | phenotype |
| nutritional deficiency | phenotype |
| obesity | phenotype |
| oxidative stress | phenotype |
| pancreas | anatomy |
| pancreatic islet beta cells local | phenotype |
| PPARΞ± | gene |
| PPARΞ³ | gene |
| pro-thermogenic mitochondrial activity local | phenotype |
| pure strains of laboratory mice local | cohort |
| RARA | gene |
| serum triglycerides local | phenotype |
| SREBP1c | gene |
| starvation local | phenotype |
| Starvation local | phenotype |
| STAT3 | gene |
| STAT5 local | gene |
| steatohepatitis | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| stress-related diseases local | phenotype |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | anatomy |
| Systemic lipids local | phenotype |
| systemic metabolites local | phenotype |
| thermogenesis | phenotype |
| total cholesterol | phenotype |
| Triacylglycerides local | drug |
| Trp53 | gene |
| viral infection | phenotype |
| Weight reduction local | phenotype |
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
| Citation | PMID | DOI | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| AdamsACCoskunTChengCCGimenoRELuoYKharitonenkovA The breadth of FGF21βs metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue. Mol Metab (2012) 2:31β710.1016/j.molmet.2012.08.00724024127PMC3757657 | β | β | β |
| AngelinBLarssonTERudlingM Circulating fibroblast growth factors as metabolic regulators β a critical appraisal. Cell Metab (2012) 16:693β70510.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.00123217254 | β | β | β |
| BadmanMKKoesterAFlierJSKharitonenkovAMaratos-FlierE Fibroblast growth factor 21-deficient mice demonstrate impaired adaptation to ketosis. Endocrinology (2009) 150:4931β4010.1210/en.2009-053219819944PMC2775979 | β | β | β |
| BadmanMKPissiosPKennedyARKoukosGFlierJSMaratos-FlierE Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is regulated by PPARalpha and is a key mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism in ketotic states. Cell Metab (2007) 5:426β3710.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.00217550778 | β | β | β |
| BeenkenAMohammadiM The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov (2009) 8:235β5310.1038/nrd279219247306PMC3684054 | β | β | β |
| BenettiEMastrocolaRRogazzoMChiazzaFAragnoMFantozziR High sugar intake and development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and inflammation in mice: a protective role for PPAR-delta agonism. Mediators Inflamm (2013) 2013:50950210.1155/2013/50950223861559PMC3703883 | β | β | β |
| BookoutALde GrootMHOwenBMLeeSGautronLLawrenceHL FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system. Nat Med (2013) 19:1147β5210.1038/nm.324923933984PMC3769420 | β | β | β |
| ChavezAOMolina-CarrionMAbdul-GhaniMAFolliFDefronzoRATripathyD Circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 is elevated in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes and correlates with muscle and hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes Care (2009) 32:1542β610.2337/dc09-068419487637PMC2713625 | β | β | β |
| CrooksDRNatarajanTGJeongSYChenCParkSYHuangH Elevated FGF21 secretion, PGC-1alpha and ketogenic enzyme expression are hallmarks of iron-sulfur cluster depletion in human skeletal muscle. Hum Mol Genet (2013). [Epub ahead of print].10.1093/hmg/ddt39323943793PMC3857942 | β | β | β |
| Cuevas-RamosDAlmeda-ValdesPMeza-AranaCEBrito-CordovaGGomez-PerezFJMehtaR Exercise increases serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels. PLoS One (2012) 7:e3802210.1371/journal.pone.003802222701542PMC3365112 | β | β | β |
| DasarathySYangYMcCulloughAJMarczewskiSBennettCKalhanSC Elevated hepatic fatty acid oxidation, high plasma fibroblast growth factor 21, and fasting bile acids in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2012) 23:382β810.1097/MEG.0b013e328345c8c721448070PMC3493151 | β | β | β |
| De Sousa-CoelhoALMarreroPFHaroD Activating transcription factor 4-dependent induction of FGF21 during amino acid deprivation. Biochem J (2012) 443:165β7110.1042/BJ2011174822233381 | β | β | β |
| DingXBoney-MontoyaJOwenBMBookoutALCoateKCMangelsdorfDJ betaKlotho is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 effects on growth and metabolism. Cell Metab (2012) 16:387β9310.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.00222958921PMC3447537 | β | β | β |
| DomingoPGallego-EscuredoJMDomingoJCGutierrez MdelMMateoMGFernandezI Serum FGF21 levels are elevated in association with lipodystrophy, insulin resistance and biomarkers of liver injury in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS (2010) 24:2629β3710.1097/QAD.0b013e328340008820935553 | β | β | β |
| DushayJChuiPCGopalakrishnanGSVarela-ReyMCrawleyMFisherFM Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology (2010) 139:456β6310.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.05420451522PMC4862867 | β | β | β |
| FisherFMEstallJLAdamsACAntonellisPJBinaHAFlierJS Integrated regulation of hepatic metabolism by fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in vivo. Endocrinology (2011) 152:2996β300410.1210/en.2011-028121712364PMC3138239 | β | β | β |
| FisherFMKleinerSDourisNFoxECMepaniRJVerdeguerF FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis. Genes Dev (2012) 26:271β8110.1101/gad.177857.11122302939PMC3278894 | β | β | β |
| FoltzINHuSKingCWuXYangCWangW Treating diabetes and obesity with an FGF21-mimetic antibody activating the betaKlotho/FGFR1c receptor complex. Sci Transl Med (2012) 4:162ra5310.1126/scitranslmed.300469023197570 | β | β | β |
| GaichGChienJYFuHGlassLCDeegMAHollandWL The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab (2013) 18:333β4010.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.00524011069 | β | β | β |
| GalicSOakhillJSSteinbergGR Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol (2010) 316:129β3910.1016/j.mce.2009.08.01819723556 | β | β | β |
| HojmanPPedersenMNielsenARKrogh-MadsenRYfantiCAkerstromT Fibroblast growth factor-21 is induced in human skeletal muscles by hyperinsulinemia. Diabetes (2009) 58:2797β80110.2337/db09-071319720803PMC2780875 | β | β | β |
| HollandWLAdamsACBrozinickJTBuiHHMiyauchiYKusminskiCM An FGF21-adiponectin-ceramide axis controls energy expenditure and insulin action in mice. Cell Metab (2013) 17:790β710.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.01923663742PMC3667496 | β | β | β |
| HondaresEIglesiasRGiraltAGonzalezFJGiraltMMampelT Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue. J Biol Chem (2011) 286(15):12983β9010.1074/jbc.M110.21588921317437PMC3075644 | β | β | β |
| HondaresERosellMGonzalezFJGiraltMIglesiasRVillarroyaF Hepatic FGF21 expression is induced at birth via PPARalpha in response to milk intake and contributes to thermogenic activation of neonatal brown fat. Cell Metab (2010) 11:206β1210.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.00120197053PMC2847690 | β | β | β |
| HottaYNakamuraHKonishiMMurataYTakagiHMatsumuraS Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue but is not required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in liver. Endocrinology (2009) 150:4625β3310.1210/en.2009-011919589869 | β | β | β |
| HuangJJiaYFuTViswakarmaNBaiLRaoMS Sustained activation of PPARalpha by endogenous ligands increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation and prevents obesity in ob/ob mice. FASEB J (2012) 26:628β3810.1096/fj.11-19401922009939PMC3290446 | β | β | β |
| IizukaKTakedaJHorikawaY Glucose induces FGF21 mRNA expression through ChREBP activation in rat hepatocytes. FEBS Lett (2009) 583:2882β610.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.05319660458 | β | β | β |
| InagakiTChoiMMoschettaAPengLCumminsCLMcDonaldJG Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis. Cell Metab (2005) 2:217β2510.1016/j.cmet.2005.09.00116213224 | β | β | β |
| InagakiTDutchakPZhaoGDingXGautronLParameswaraV Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21. Cell Metab (2007) 5:415β2510.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.00317550777 | β | β | β |
| IzumiyaYBinaHAOuchiNAkasakiYKharitonenkovAWalshK FGF21 is an Akt-regulated myokine. FEBS Lett (2008) 582:3805β1010.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.02118948104PMC2604129 | β | β | β |
| JohnsonCLWestonJYChadiSAFazioENHuffMWKharitonenkovA Fibroblast growth factor 21 reduces the severity of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice. Gastroenterology (2009) 137:1795β80410.1053/j.gastro.2009.07.06419664632 | β | β | β |
| KharitonenkovAShiyanovaTLKoesterAFordAMMicanovicRGalbreathEJ FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator. J Clin Invest (2005) 115:1627β3510.1172/JCI2360615902306PMC1088017 | β | β | β |
| KharitonenkovAWroblewskiVJKoesterAChenYFClutingerCKTignoXT The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21. Endocrinology (2007) 148:774β8110.1210/en.2006-116817068132 | β | β | β |
| KimKHJeongYTOhHKimSHChoJMKimYN Autophagy deficiency leads to protection from obesity and insulin resistance by inducing Fgf21 as a mitokine. Nat Med (2013) 19:83β9210.1038/nm.301423202295 | β | β | β |
| LiHFangQGaoFFanJZhouJWangX Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride. J Hepatol (2010) 53:934β4010.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.01820675007 | β | β | β |
| LindegaardBHvidTGrondahlTFrosigCGerstoftJHojmanP Expression of fibroblast growth factor-21 in muscle is associated with lipodystrophy, insulin resistance and lipid disturbances in patients with HIV. PLoS One (2013) 8:e5563210.1371/journal.pone.005563223533568PMC3606412 | β | β | β |
| LinZTianHLamKSLinSHooRCKonishiM Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice. Cell Metab (2013) 17:779β8910.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.00523663741 | β | β | β |
| LiYWongKWalshKGaoBZangM Retinoic acid receptor beta stimulates hepatic induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 to promote fatty acid oxidation and control whole-body energy homeostasis in mice. J Biol Chem (2013) 288:10490β50410.1074/jbc.M112.42985223430257PMC3624431 | β | β | β |
| OishiKKonishiMMurataYItohN Time-imposed daily restricted feeding induces rhythmic expression of Fgf21 in white adipose tissue of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 412:396β40010.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.12521835167 | β | β | β |
| OwenBMBookoutALDingXLinVYAtkinSDGautronL FGF21 contributes to neuroendocrine control of female reproduction. Nat Med (2013) 19:1153β610.1038/nm.325023933983PMC3769455 | β | β | β |
| PeetersASwinnenJVVan VeldhovenPPBaesM Hepatosteatosis in peroxisome deficient liver despite increased beta-oxidation capacity and impaired lipogenesis. Biochimie (2011) 93:1828β3810.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.03421756965 | β | β | β |
| SchaapFGKremerAELamersWHJansenPLGaemersIC Fibroblast growth factor 21 is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochimie (2013) 95:692β910.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.01923123503 | β | β | β |
| SchererPE Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes (2006) 55:1537β4510.2337/db06-026316731815 | β | β | β |
| ShettySKusminskiCMSchererPE Adiponectin in health and disease: evaluation of adiponectin-targeted drug development strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci (2009) 30:234β910.1016/j.tips.2009.02.00419359049 | β | β | β |
| SuomalainenAEloJMPietilainenKHHakonenAHSevastianovaKKorpelaM FGF-21 as a biomarker for muscle-manifesting mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies: a diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol (2011) 10:806β1810.1016/S1474-4422(11)70155-721820356PMC7568343 | β | β | β |
| UebansoTTaketaniYYamamotoHAmoKTanakaSAraiH Liver X receptor negatively regulates fibroblast growth factor 21 in the fatty liver induced by cholesterol-enriched diet. J Nutr Biochem (2012) 23:785β9010.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.02321889884 | β | β | β |
| UrakawaIYamazakiYShimadaTIijimaKHasegawaHOkawaK Klotho converts canonical FGF receptor into a specific receptor for FGF23. Nature (2006) 444:770β410.1038/nature0531517086194 | β | β | β |
| VeniantMMHaleCHelmeringJChenMMStanislausSBusbyJ FGF21 promotes metabolic homeostasis via white adipose and leptin in mice. PLoS One (2012) 7:e4016410.1371/journal.pone.004016422792234PMC3391219 | β | β | β |
| WenteWEfanovAMBrennerMKharitonenkovAKosterASanduskyGE Fibroblast growth factor-21 improves pancreatic beta-cell function and survival by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. Diabetes (2006) 55:2470β810.2337/db05-143516936195 | β | β | β |
| WuALKolumamGStawickiSChenYLiJZavala-SolorioJ Amelioration of type 2 diabetes by antibody-mediated activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Sci Transl Med (2011) 3:113ra2610.1126/scitranslmed.300266922174314 | β | β | β |
| XuJLloydDJHaleCStanislausSChenMSivitsG Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes (2009) 58:250β910.2337/db08-039218840786PMC2606881 | β | β | β |
| YangCJinCLiXWangFMcKeehanWLLuoY Differential specificity of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1 and FGFR4 in complex with KLB. PLoS One (2012) 7:e3387010.1371/journal.pone.003387022442730PMC3307775 | β | β | β |
| YangCLuWLinTYouPYeMHuangY Activation of Liver FGF21 in hepatocarcinogenesis and during hepatic stress. BMC Gastroenterol (2013) 13:6710.1186/1471-230X-13-6723590285PMC3637159 | β | β | β |
| YangCWangCYeMJinCHeWWangF Control of lipid metabolism by adipocyte FGFR1-mediated adipohepatic communication during hepatic stress. Nutr Metab (Lond) (2012) 9:9410.1186/1743-7075-9-9423106963PMC3545967 | β | β | β |
| YangSJHongHCChoiHYYooHJChoGJHwangTG Effects of a three-month combined exercise programme on fibroblast growth factor 21 and fetuin-A levels and arterial stiffness in obese women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2011) 75:464β910.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04078.x21521346 | β | β | β |
| YilmazYErenFYonalOKurtRAktasBCelikelCA Increased serum FGF21 levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest (2010) 40:887β9210.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02338.x20624171 | β | β | β |
| YuJZhaoLWangAEleswarapuSGeXChenD Growth hormone stimulates transcription of the fibroblast growth factor 21 gene in the liver through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. Endocrinology (2012) 153:750β810.1210/en.2011-159122166977 | β | β | β |
| ZhangXYeungDCKarpisekMStejskalDZhouZGLiuF Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans. Diabetes (2008) 57:1246β5310.2337/db07-147618252893 | β | β | β |
| ZhangYLeiTHuangJFWangSBZhouLLYangZQ The link between fibroblast growth factor 21 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c during lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol (2011) 342:41β710.1016/j.mce.2011.05.00321664250 | β | β | β |
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibroblast growth factor-21 alleviates proteasome injury via activation of autophagy flux in Parkinson's disease. | Shen Y et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients. | Berezin AE et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Myokines: metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes. | Chen ZT et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism. | Li S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Alcoholic fatty liver is blunted by rFGF21 administration in mice lacking adipose FGFR1: The role of FGF21 in PPARΞ±-mediated regulation of adipose tissue mass. | Xu Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Pathophysiological changes of the liver-muscle axis in end-stage liver disease: what is the right target? | Henin G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Characterization of the gut-liver-muscle axis in cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia. | Ponziani FR et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Chronic exposure to PFO4DA and PFO5DoDA, two perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), suppresses hepatic stress signals and disturbs glucose and lipid metabolism in male mice. | Chen J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cutting Edge: CD36 Mediates Phagocyte Tropism and Avirulence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. | Zhao Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Differential effects of protein intake versus intake of a defined oligopeptide on FGF-21 in obese human subjects inΒ vivo. | Fangmann D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| FGF21 in obesity and cancer: New insights. | Lu W et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| How does the skeletal muscle communicate with the brain in health and disease? | Isaac AR et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| PPARΞ± agonist WY-14,643 induces adipose atrophy and fails to blunt chronic ethanol-induced hepatic fat accumulation in mice lacking adipose FGFR1. | Xu Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Exercise and dietary intervention ameliorate high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and liver aging by inducing lipophagy. | Gao Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Fibroblast growth factor 21 and autophagy: A complex interplay in Parkinson disease. | Kakoty V et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| CYP2A6 is associated with obesity: studies in human samples and a high fat diet mouse model. | Wang K et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dietary Fructose Consumption and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Incidence. | Strober JW et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Exercise Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction via Enhancing FGF21 Sensitivity in Adipose Tissues. | Geng L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Lack of muscle mTOR kinase activity causes early onset myopathy and compromises whole-body homeostasis. | Zhang Q et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The FGF metabolic axis. | Li X | β | 2019 | β |
| Cytochrome P450s and Alcoholic Liver Disease. | Lu Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Dietary Manipulations That Induce Ketosis Activate the HPA Axis in Male Rats and Mice: A Potential Role for Fibroblast Growth Factor-21. | Ryan KK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Fibroblast growth factor 21 induces lipolysis more efficiently than it suppresses lipogenesis in goat adipocytes. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (FGFBP3) impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. | Tassi E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Myokines as Possible Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Cachexia. | Manole E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Perilipin 5 Deletion Unmasks an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Axis in Skeletal Muscle. | Montgomery MK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A combined docosahexaenoic acid-thyroid hormone protocol upregulates rat liver Ξ²-Klotho expression and downstream components of FGF21 signaling as a potential novel approach to metabolic stress conditions. | Vargas R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Activation of GR but not PXR by dexamethasone attenuated acetaminophen hepatotoxicities via Fgf21 induction. | Vispute SG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alcoholic fatty liver is enhanced in CYP2A5 knockout mice: The role of the PPARΞ±-FGF21 axis. | Chen X et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| FGF21 Is an Insulin-Dependent Postprandial Hormone in Adult Humans. | Samms RJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Promotes C2C12 Cells Myogenic Differentiation by Enhancing Cell Cycle Exit. | Liu X et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Rush to the fire: FGF21 extinguishes metabolic stress, metaflammation and tissue damage. | Luo Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| To be or not to be cell autonomous? Autophagy says both. | Fenouille N et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Use of FGF-21 as a Biomarker of Mitochondrial Disease in Clinical Practice. | Morovat A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (Fgf21) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Renal Cancer. | Knott ME et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with biliary atresia. | Li D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Expression profile and overexpression outcome indicate a role for Ξ²Klotho in skeletal muscle fibro/adipogenesis. | Phelps M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Fibroblast growth factors, old kids on the new block. | Li X et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Hepatic Fgf21 Expression Is Repressed after Simvastatin Treatment in Mice. | Ziros P et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines. | Oh KJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Metabolic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs): Mediators of energy homeostasis. | Markan KR et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Muscle mitochondrial stress adaptation operates independently of endogenous FGF21 action. | Ost M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Overexpression of Ξ²-Klotho in Adipose Tissue Sensitizes Male Mice to Endogenous FGF21 and Provides Protection From Diet-Induced Obesity. | Samms RJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23. | Degirolamo C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The regulation of FGF21 gene expression by metabolic factors and nutrients. | Erickson A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 increase with age independently of body composition indices among healthy individuals. | Hanks LJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Metabolic Regulation. | Nies VJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Gene expression in WAT from healthy humans and monkeys correlates with FGF21-induced browning of WAT in mice. | Schlessinger K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Hepatic PTEN deficiency improves muscle insulin sensitivity and decreases adiposity in mice. | Peyrou M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Loss of FGF21 in diabetic mouse during hepatocellular carcinogenetic transformation. | Zhang Q et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Novel Mediators of Adipose Tissue and Muscle Crosstalk. | Indrakusuma I et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Skeletal muscle increases FGF21 expression in mitochondrial disorders to compensate for energy metabolic insufficiency by activating the mTOR-YY1-PGC1Ξ± pathway. | Ji K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling prevents diabetes but not obesity in NZO mice, a model for polygenic diabesity. | Voigt A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| ATF4- and CHOP-dependent induction of FGF21 through endoplasmic reticulum stress. | Wan XS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| FGF21 as a Hepatokine, Adipokine, and Myokine in Metabolism and Diseases. | Itoh N | β | 2014 | β |
| Head over hepatocytes for FGF21. | Potthoff MJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the pathogenesis of liver disease: a novel predictor and therapeutic target. | Liu WY et al. | β | 2014 | β |