Neuropharmacology of alcohol addiction.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Vengeliene, V; Bilbao, A; Molander, A; Spanagel, R
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- British journal of pharmacology
- PMID
- 18311194
- DOI
- 10.1038/bjp.2008.30
- PMCID
- PMC2442440
Despite the generally held view that alcohol is an unspecific pharmacological agent, recent molecular pharmacology studies demonstrated that alcohol has only a few known primary targets. These are the NMDA, GABA(A), glycine, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (serotonin) and nicotinic ACh receptors as well as L-type Ca(2+) channels and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels. Following this first hit of alcohol on specific targets in the brain, a second wave of indirect effects on a variety of neurotransmitter/neuropeptide systems is initiated that leads subsequently to the typical acute behavioural effects of alcohol, ranging from disinhibition to sedation and even hypnosis, with increasing concentrations of alcohol. Besides these acute pharmacodynamic aspects of alcohol, we discuss the neurochemical substrates that are involved in the initiation and maintenance phase of an alcohol drinking behaviour. Finally, addictive behaviour towards alcohol as measured by alcohol-seeking and relapse behaviour is reviewed in the context of specific neurotransmitter/neuropeptide systems and their signalling pathways. The activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system plays a crucial role during the initiation phase of alcohol consumption. Following long-term, chronic alcohol consumption virtually all brain neurotransmission seems to be affected, making it difficult to define which of the systems contributes the most to the transition from controlled to compulsive alcohol use. However, compulsive alcohol drinking is characterized by a decrease in the function of the reward neurocircuitry and a recruitment of antireward/stress mechanisms comes into place, with a hypertrophic corticotropin-releasing factor system and a hyperfunctional glutamatergic system being the most important ones.
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| Chronic and acute alcohol administration induced neurochemical changes in the brain: comparison of distinct zebrafish populations. | Chatterjee D et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Exploring the role of central astrocytic glutamate uptake in ethanol reward in mice. | Smith KL et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Extrasynaptic glycine receptors of rodent dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons: a sensitive target for ethanol. | Maguire EP et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Intermittent ethanol access schedule in rats as a preclinical model of alcohol abuse. | Carnicella S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Involvement of dopamine D2 receptors in addictive-like behaviour for acetaldehyde. | Brancato A et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Longitudinal assessment of mental disorders, smoking, and hazardous drinking among a population-based cohort of US service members. | Smith TC et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Modest long-term ethanol consumption affects expression of neurotransmitter receptor genes in the rat nucleus accumbens. | Jonsson S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Molecular and neurologic responses to chronic alcohol use. | Costin BN et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Oscillatory spatial profile of alcohol's effects on the resting state: anatomically-constrained MEG. | Rosen BQ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) represent a novel target for the development of drugs to prevent and/or treat alcohol use disorders. | Franklin KM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| [Pharmacological profiles and clinical roles of acamprosate (Regtect(®) tablets 333 mg) for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients]. | Ohhara T et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Rasgrf2 controls noradrenergic involvement in the acute and subchronic effects of alcohol in the brain. | Easton AC et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Recent advances with a novel model organism: alcohol tolerance and sensitization in zebrafish (Danio rerio). | Tran S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Relationship between brain volumetric changes and interim drinking at six months in alcohol-dependent patients. | Segobin SH et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Selective increases of AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptor subunit mRNAs in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex but not in prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics. | Jin Z et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and alcohol use in general population: interaction effect with birth cohort. | Vaht M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Spatio-temporal processing of words and nonwords: hemispheric laterality and acute alcohol intoxication. | Marinkovic K et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Stimulant and motivational effects of alcohol: lessons from rodent and primate models. | Brabant C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The alcohol deprivation effect model for studying relapse behavior: a comparison between rats and mice. | Vengeliene V et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The effects of xenon and nitrous oxide gases on alcohol relapse. | Vengeliene V et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Use of animal models of alcohol-related behavior. | Crabbe JC | — | 2014 | → |
| Zebrafish as an emerging model for studying complex brain disorders. | Kalueff AV et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Advanced transgenic approaches to understand alcohol-related phenotypes in animals. | Bilbao A | — | 2013 | → |
| Alcohol administration attenuates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in healthy men at low genetic risk for alcoholism, but not in high-risk subjects. | Mick I et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Alcohol drinking and deprivation alter basal extracellular glutamate concentrations and clearance in the mesolimbic system of alcohol-preferring (P) rats. | Ding ZM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Alterations in ethanol-induced behaviors and consumption in knock-in mice expressing ethanol-resistant NMDA receptors. | den Hartog CR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A novel alcohol-sensitive position in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluN2A subunit M3 domain regulates agonist affinity and ion channel gating. | Ren H et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A novel highly selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist attenuates ethanol and nicotine seeking but does not affect inhibitory response control in Wistar rats. | de Bruin NMWJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A systems medicine research approach for studying alcohol addiction. | Spanagel R et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic, attenuates relapse-like ethanol-drinking behavior in alcohol-preferring rats. | Qrunfleh AM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Chronic ethanol exposure increases cytochrome P-450 and decreases activated in blocked unfolded protein response gene family transcripts in caenorhabditis elegans. | Peltonen J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Do alcohol use disorders destabilize the course of bipolar disorder? | Rakofsky JJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on μ-opioid receptor function, interacting proteins and morphine-induced place preference. | Shibasaki M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Effects of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic, on the motor alterations induced by acute ethanol administration in mice. | Viana TG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Effects of rearing conditions on behaviour and endogenous opioids in rats with alcohol access during adolescence. | Palm S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Elucidating the biological basis for the reinforcing actions of alcohol in the mesolimbic dopamine system: the role of active metabolites of alcohol. | Deehan GA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Ethanol-induced alterations of amino acids measured by in vivo microdialysis in rats: a meta-analysis. | Fliegel S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Ethanol inhibits excitatory neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice through GABAA and GABAB receptors. | Mishra D et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic variation of GRIN1 confers vulnerability to methamphetamine-dependent psychosis in a Thai population. | Chanasong R et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| GET73 increases rat extracellular hippocampal CA1 GABA levels through a possible involvement of local mGlu5 receptor. | Beggiato S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Global ethanol-induced enhancements of monoaminergic neurotransmission: a meta-analysis study. | Brand I et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Glutamatergic targets for new alcohol medications. | Holmes A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Inferring about individual drug and schizotypy effects on cognitive functioning in polydrug using mephedrone users before and after clubbing. | Herzig DA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Inhibition of FAAH and activation of PPAR: new approaches to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and drug addiction. | Panlilio LV et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Involvement of dorsal hippocampal and medial septal nicotinic receptors in cross state-dependent memory between WIN55, 212-2 and nicotine or ethanol in mice. | Alijanpour S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the psychopharmacological actions of ethanol: the role of acetaldehyde. | Font L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neurochemical heterogeneity of rats predicted by different measures to be high ethanol consumers. | Barson JR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Probing the modulation of acute ethanol intoxication by pharmacological manipulation of the NMDAR glycine co-agonist site. | Debrouse L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Region-specific depression of striatal activity in Wistar rat by modest ethanol consumption over a ten-month period. | Adermark L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Repeated restraint stress alters sensitivity to the social consequences of ethanol differentially in early and late adolescent rats. | Varlinskaya EI et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Sight of conspecific images induces changes in neurochemistry in zebrafish. | Saif M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Synaptic effects induced by alcohol. | Lovinger DM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The developmental psychopathology of alcohol use and alcohol disorders: research achievements and future directions. | Chassin L et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The use of a novel drinkometer system for assessing pharmacological treatment effects on ethanol consumption in rats. | Vengeliene V et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Time-course of behavioural changes induced by ethanol in zebrafish (Danio rerio). | Tran S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| What is in that drink: the biological actions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and salsolinol. | Deehan GA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Alcohol Dependence and Genes Encoding α2 and γ1 GABAA Receptor Subunits: Insights from Humans and Mice. | Borghese CM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Alcohol-induced plasticity in the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor system. | Sirohi S et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Alcohol misuse and violent behavior: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study. | Boden JM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Alteration of glutamate/GABA balance during acute alcohol withdrawal in emergency department: a prospective analysis. | Brousse G et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Behavioral effects of taurine pretreatment in zebrafish acutely exposed to ethanol. | Rosemberg DB et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Brain region-specific gene expression changes after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and early withdrawal in C57BL/6J mice. | Melendez RI et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Craving correlates with mesolimbic responses to heroin-related cues in short-term abstinence from heroin: an event-related fMRI study. | Li Q et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Differences in basal and ethanol-induced levels of opioid peptides in Wistar rats from five different suppliers. | Palm S et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Dose-related effects of alcohol on cognitive functioning. | Dry MJ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Early relapse in alcohol dependence may result from late withdrawal symptoms. | Simioni N et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 genotype on N-acetylaspartate levels and neurocognition in non-smoking, active alcoholics. | Xia Y et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Effects of A₂A adenosine receptor blockade or stimulation on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. | Micioni Di Bonaventura MV et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Ethanol-induced loss-of-righting response during ethanol withdrawal in male and female rats: associations with alterations in Arc labeling. | Walls SA et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Ethanol reduces the phase locking of neural activity in human and rodent brain. | Ehlers CL et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Gene Expression Under the Influence: Transcriptional Profiling of Ethanol in the Brain. | Contet C | — | 2012 | → |
| Genetic dissection of acute ethanol responsive gene networks in prefrontal cortex: functional and mechanistic implications. | Wolen AR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Glutamate and synaptic plasticity systems and smoking behavior: results from a genetic association study. | dos Santos VA et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Introduction to the special issue "Pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence" and a summary of patents targeting other neurotransmitter systems. | Bell RL et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Ivermectin reduces alcohol intake and preference in mice. | Yardley MM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| K(Ca)2 channels: novel therapeutic targets for treating alcohol withdrawal and escalation of alcohol consumption. | Mulholland PJ | — | 2012 | → |
| Lipid environment modulates the development of acute tolerance to ethanol in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Bettinger JC et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: neuroplastic changes underlying alcohol and nicotine addictions. | Feduccia AA et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol and drug addiction: focus on GABA, ion channels and transcranial magnetic stimulation. | Addolorato G et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Pilot study of iPS-derived neural cells to examine biologic effects of alcohol on human neurons in vitro. | Lieberman R et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Prenatal ethanol exposure stimulates neurogenesis in hypothalamic and limbic peptide systems: possible mechanism for offspring ethanol overconsumption. | Chang GQ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Prion protein is a key determinant of alcohol sensitivity through the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity. | Petit-Paitel A et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Running wheel activity protects against increased seizure susceptibility in ethanol withdrawn male rats. | McCulley WD et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Strain dependent gene expression and neurochemical levels in the brain of zebrafish: focus on a few alcohol related targets. | Pan Y et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The dorsal striatum expressing adenylyl cyclase-5 controls behavioral sensitivity of the righting reflex to high-dose ethanol. | Kim KS et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence: advancing towards systems-based approaches. | Palmer RH et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 attenuates voluntary ethanol intake and ethanol-induced dopamine output in nucleus accumbens. | Steensland P et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 allosteric agonist AMN082 prevents reinstatement of extinguished ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice. | Bahi A | — | 2012 | → |
| The small G protein H-Ras in the mesolimbic system is a molecular gateway to alcohol-seeking and excessive drinking behaviors. | Ben Hamida S et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Young investigators stress alcohol-induced neuroadaptations in extended amygdala. | Lovinger DM | — | 2012 | → |
| γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor α subunits play a direct role in synaptic versus extrasynaptic targeting. | Wu X et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol via selective activity within the amygdala. | Cannady R et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Acute effects of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on EEG oscillations: alone and in combination with ethanol or THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). | Lansbergen MM et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Alcohol-binding sites in distinct brain proteins: the quest for atomic level resolution. | Howard RJ et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Alcohol withdrawal in the critical care unit. | Corfee FA | — | 2011 | → |
| Brain morphology at entry into treatment for alcohol dependence is related to relapse propensity. | Cardenas VA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Cannabinoid exposure in pubertal rats increases spontaneous ethanol consumption and NMDA receptor associated protein levels. | Klugmann M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Chronic ethanol treatment alters purine nucleotide hydrolysis and nucleotidase gene expression pattern in zebrafish brain. | Rico EP et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Cortical thickness, surface area, and volume of the brain reward system in alcohol dependence: relationships to relapse and extended abstinence. | Durazzo TC et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Diverse behavioral, monoaminergic and Fos protein responses to opioids in Warsaw high-alcohol preferring and Warsaw low-alcohol preferring rats. | Taracha E et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Effects of nicotine and alcohol on affective responses to emotionally toned film clips. | Dawkins L et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Ethanol affects striatal interneurons directly and projection neurons through a reduction in cholinergic tone. | Blomeley CP et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Ethanol-induced effects on the dopamine and serotonin systems in adult Wistar rats are dependent on early-life experiences. | Oreland S et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity. | Berthoud HR et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| L-cysteine prevents ethanol-induced stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission. | Sirca D et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Molecular and behavioral aspects of the actions of alcohol on the adult and developing brain. | Alfonso-Loeches S et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator genes associated with a history of depressive symptoms in individuals with alcohol dependence. | Kertes DA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Opiate-induced dopamine release is modulated by severity of alcohol dependence: an [(18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography study. | Spreckelmeyer KN et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Perinatal exposure to alcohol disturbs spatial learning and glutamate transmission-related gene expression in the adult hippocampus. | Zink M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Pharmacologically targeting the P2rx4 gene on maintenance and reinstatement of alcohol self-administration in rats. | Kosten TA | — | 2011 | → |
| Repeated exposure to moderate doses of ethanol augments hippocampal glutamate neurotransmission by increasing release. | Chefer V et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Role of the serotonergic system in alcohol dependence: from animal models to clinics. | Sari Y et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Selective Changes of GABA(A) Channel Subunit mRNAs in the Hippocampus and Orbitofrontal Cortex but not in Prefrontal Cortex of Human Alcoholics. | Jin Z et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Severity of drinking as a predictor of efficacy of the combination of ondansetron and topiramate in rat models of ethanol consumption and relapse. | Lynch WJ et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Striatal involvement in human alcoholism and alcohol consumption, and withdrawal in animal models. | Chen G et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| The mechanism of ethanol action on midbrain dopaminergic neuron firing: a dynamic-clamp study of the role of I(h) and GABAergic synaptic integration. | Tateno T et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| The response to naltrexone in ethanol-drinking rats depends on early environmental experiences. | Daoura L et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Treatment of alcohol dependence with low-dose topiramate: an open-label controlled study. | Paparrigopoulos T et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Addictions and their familiality in Iceland. | Tyrfingsson T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| A differential role for neuropeptides in acute and chronic adaptive responses to alcohol: behavioural and genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Mitchell P et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Alcohol and endocannabinoids: neuroendocrine interactions in the reproductive axis. | Rettori V et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Alcohol binding to the odorant binding protein LUSH: multiple factors affecting binding affinities. | Ader L et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| An open pilot study of tiagabine in alcohol dependence: tolerability and clinical effects. | Paparrigopoulos T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Augmented stress-induced alcohol drinking and withdrawal in mice lacking functional natriuretic peptide-A receptors. | Mutschler J et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Consilience of rodent and human phenotypes relevant for alcohol dependence. | Crabbe JC | — | 2010 | → |
| Cortical perfusion in alcohol-dependent individuals during short-term abstinence: relationships to resumption of hazardous drinking after treatment. | Durazzo TC et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Cue-conditioned alcohol seeking in rats following abstinence: involvement of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors. | Adams CL et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Effects of the mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 and the mGlu5 antagonist MTEP on ethanol seeking and reinforcement are differentially altered in rats with a history of ethanol dependence. | Sidhpura N et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Emerging drugs to treat alcoholism. | Soyka M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Endogenous kappa-opioid mediation of stress-induced potentiation of ethanol-conditioned place preference and self-administration. | Sperling RE et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| ENT1 regulates ethanol-sensitive EAAT2 expression and function in astrocytes. | Wu J et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Ethanol action on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area: interaction with intrinsic ion channels and neurotransmitter inputs. | Morikawa H et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Ethanol exposure selectively alters beta-endorphin content but not [3H]-DAMGO binding in discrete regions of the rat brain. | Leriche M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Evidence of long-term expression of behavioral sensitization to both cocaine and ethanol in dopamine transporter knockout mice. | Morice E et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Evolving therapeutic indications for N-type calcium channel blockers: from chronic pain to alcohol abuse. | Belardetti F | — | 2010 | → |
| GABRR1 and GABRR2, encoding the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1 and rho2, are associated with alcohol dependence. | Xuei X et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Glycine transporter-1 blockade leads to persistently reduced relapse-like alcohol drinking in rats. | Vengeliene V et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Identification of novel specific allosteric modulators of the glycine receptor using phage display. | Tipps ME et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Imaging receptor changes in human drug abusers. | Cosgrove KP | — | 2010 | → |
| Involvement of the brain histaminergic system in addiction and addiction-related behaviors: a comprehensive review with emphasis on the potential therapeutic use of histaminergic compounds in drug dependence. | Brabant C et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Life stress and atherosclerosis: a pathway through unhealthy lifestyle. | Mainous AG et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Manipulation of GABAergic steroids: Sex differences in the effects on alcohol drinking- and withdrawal-related behaviors. | Finn DA et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neurochemistry of drug action: insights from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and their relevance to addiction. | Licata SC et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as pharmacotherapeutic targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. | Chatterjee S et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neuroscience of alcoholism: molecular and cellular mechanisms. | Moonat S et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Nicotine: alcohol reward interactions. | Lajtha A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Regulation of GABA(A) receptor subunit expression by pharmacological agents. | Uusi-Oukari M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Reward and the serotonergic system. | Kranz GS et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| SPECT imaging with the serotonin transporter radiotracer [123I]p ZIENT in nonhuman primate brain. | Cosgrove KP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The interactive effects of methylphenidate and ethanol on ethanol consumption and locomotor activity in mice. | Griffin WC et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The role of the GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in the brain response to an intragastric load of alcohol in conscious rats. | Tsurugizawa T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| What neurobiology cannot tell us about addiction. | Kalant H | — | 2010 | → |
| Acetaldehyde sequestering prevents ethanol-induced stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission. | Enrico P et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Acute and chronic alcohol dose: population differences in behavior and neurochemistry of zebrafish. | Gerlai R et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Acute ethanol challenge inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the rat prefrontal cortex. | Neznanova O et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. | Spanagel R | — | 2009 | → |
| Cabergoline decreases alcohol drinking and seeking behaviors via glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. | Carnicella S et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Carisbamate, a novel antiepileptic candidate compound, attenuates alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. | Rezvani AH et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents. | Vengeliene V et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dopamine and serotonin transporter availability during acute alcohol withdrawal: effects of comorbid tobacco smoking. | Cosgrove KP et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Drug addiction. | Justinova Z et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Effects of ethanol on persistent activity and up-States in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in prefrontal cortex. | Woodward JJ et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Epistasis between IL1A, IL1B, TNF, HTR2A, 5-HTTLPR and TPH2 variations does not impact alcohol dependence disorder features. | Drago A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Ethanol- and cocaine-induced locomotion are genetically related to increases in accumbal dopamine. | Meyer PJ et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Ethanol-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase: role of dopamine D1 receptors. | Ibba F et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Ethanol-induced social facilitation in adolescent rats: role of endogenous activity at mu opioid receptors. | Varlinskaya EI et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Ethanol is self-administered into the nucleus accumbens shell, but not the core: evidence of genetic sensitivity. | Engleman EA et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Ethanol modulates mammalian circadian clock phase resetting through extrasynaptic GABA receptor activation. | McElroy B et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Extinction learning of stimulus reward contingencies: The acute effects of alcohol. | Loeber S et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Glycine as a neurotransmitter in the forebrain: a short review. | Hernandes MS et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Glycine receptor expression in the forebrain of male AA/ANA rats. | Jonsson S et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Glycine receptors contribute to hypnosis induced by ethanol. | Ye JH et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| High precision liquid chromatography analysis of dopaminergic and serotoninergic responses to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish. | Chatterjee D et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Morphological and glucose metabolism abnormalities in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: group comparisons and individual analyses. | Pitel AL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neuro-inflammation induced in the hippocampus of 'binge drinking' rats may be mediated by elevated extracellular glutamate content. | Ward RJ et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Perinatal exposure to alcohol reduces the expression of complexins I and II. | Zink M et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Pharmacotherapy of addictive disorders. | Ross S et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Role of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCvarepsilon) in the reduction of ethanol reinforcement due to mGluR5 antagonism in the nucleus accumbens shell. | Gass JT et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Selective mu- and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists administered into the nucleus accumbens interfere with rapid tolerance to ethanol in rats. | Varaschin RK et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Sizing up ethanol-induced plasticity: the role of small and large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. | Mulholland PJ et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The genetics of alcoholism. | Stacey D et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The role of neuroactive steroids in ethanol/stress interactions: proceedings of symposium VII at the Volterra conference on alcohol and stress, May 2008. | Morrow AL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The sigma-receptor antagonist BD-1063 decreases ethanol intake and reinforcement in animal models of excessive drinking. | Sabino V et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Timing of alcohol use and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome and probable premenstrual dysphoric disorder. | Bertone-Johnson ER et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of alcohol dependence. | Kalsi G et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Alcohol dependence, withdrawal, and relapse. | Becker HC | — | 2008 | → |
| Communication networks in the brain: neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and alcohol. | Lovinger DM | — | 2008 | → |
| How adaptation of the brain to alcohol leads to dependence: a pharmacological perspective. | Clapp P et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Multivariate analyses reveal common and drug-specific genetic influences on responses to four drugs of abuse. | Belknap JK et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Neuropharmacology of addiction--setting the scene. | Lawrence AJ et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Review. Genetics of addictions: strategies for addressing heterogeneity and polygenicity of substance use disorders. | Wong CC et al. | — | 2008 | → |