Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball task.
- Authors
- Bruder, Gerard E; Kroppmann, Christopher J; Kayser, Jürgen; Stewart, Jonathan W; McGrath, Patrick J; Tenke, Craig E
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Psychiatry research
- PMID
- 19900720
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.023
- PMCID
- PMC3341094
There have been conflicting findings as to whether the P3 brain potential to targets in oddball tasks is reduced in depressed patients. The P3 to novel distracter stimuli in a three-stimulus oddball task has a more frontocentral topography than P3 to targets and is associated with different cognitive operations and neural generators. The novelty P3 potential was predicted to be reduced in depressed patients. EEG was recorded from 30 scalp electrodes (nose reference) in 20 unmedicated depressed patients and 20 matched healthy controls during a novelty oddball task with three stimuli: infrequent target tones (12%), frequent standard tones (76%) and nontarget novel stimuli, e.g., animal or environment sounds (12%). Novel stimuli evoked a P3 potential with shorter peak latency and more frontocentral topography than the parietal-maximum P3b to target stimuli. The novelty P3 was markedly reduced in depressed patients compared to controls. Although there was a trend for patients to also have smaller parietal P3b to targets, this group difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a group difference in the earlier N1 or N2 potentials. The novelty P3 reduction in depressed patients is indicative of a deficit in orienting of attention and evaluation of novel environmental sounds.
Grand average ERP waveforms for depressed patients and healthy controls to nontarget, target and novel stimuli.
LLM interpretation
This figure presents grand average event-related potential (ERP) waveforms for depressed patients (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20) across four electrode sites (FZ, CZ, PZ, OZ). The waveforms compare responses to three stimulus types: NonTarget (dashed line), Target (grey line), and Novelty (black line), with the x-axis representing time and the y-axis representing voltage ($\mu$V). In the control group, specific components are labeled, including N1, N2, Novelty P3, and Target P3, showing distinct peak amplitudes compared to the NonTarget baseline.
Mean amplitude of novelty P3 and target P3b in depressed patients and healthy controls at frontal (Fz), central (Cz), parietal (Pz), and occipital (Oz) midline sites (error bars = standard errors). Significant simple group effects at each site are indicated by: *P<0.05, **P = 0.01.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of two line graphs comparing the mean amplitude ($\mu$V) of Novelty P3 (top) and Target P3 (bottom) across four midline electrode sites (Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz) for healthy controls and depressed patients. In both plots, controls exhibit higher mean amplitudes than depressed patients, with both groups showing a peak amplitude at the Pz site. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks, showing significant group differences at Fz, Cz, and Pz for Novelty P3, and at Cz for Target P3.
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