Habenular α5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Fowler, Christie D; Lu, Qun; Johnson, Paul M; Marks, Michael J; Kenny, Paul J
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Nature
- PMID
- 21278726
- DOI
- 10.1038/nature09797
- PMCID
- PMC3079537
Genetic variation in CHRNA5, the gene encoding the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, increases vulnerability to tobacco addiction and lung cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we report markedly increased nicotine intake in mice with a null mutation in Chrna5. This effect was 'rescued' in knockout mice by re-expressing α5 subunits in the medial habenula (MHb), and recapitulated in rats through α5 subunit knockdown in MHb. Remarkably, α5 subunit knockdown in MHb did not alter the rewarding effects of nicotine but abolished the inhibitory effects of higher nicotine doses on brain reward systems. The MHb extends projections almost exclusively to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). We found diminished IPN activation in response to nicotine in α5 knockout mice. Further, disruption of IPN signalling increased nicotine intake in rats. Our findings indicate that nicotine activates the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway through α5-containing nAChRs, triggering an inhibitory motivational signal that acts to limit nicotine intake.
Increased nicotine intake in α5 subunit knockout mice(a) Data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned across a range of nicotine doses. Two-way ANOVA: Genotype F(1,91)=28.57, p<0.0001; Dose F(6,91)=13.69, p<0.0001; Interaction F(6,75)=2.55, p<0.05; n=10–11 per group. (b) Data from [a] are presented as mean (± SEM) total nicotine intake at each dose. Genotype F(1,91)=67.98, p<0.0001; Dose F(6,91)=39.06, p<0.0001; Interaction F(6,791=14.25, p<0.0001.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of two line graphs comparing nicotine intake between wildtype (black) and $\alpha5$ subunit knockout (red) mice across various nicotine doses. Panel (a) shows the number of nicotine infusions earned, where knockout mice maintain higher infusion rates at doses from 0.4 to 1.0 $\text{mg kg}^{-1}$ compared to wildtype mice. Panel (b) shows the total nicotine intake ($\text{mg kg}^{-1}$), demonstrating a significantly steeper increase in intake for knockout mice at higher doses, with statistical significance indicated by asterisks (***) from 0.4 to 1.0 $\text{mg kg}^{-1}$.
“Rescue” of α5* nAChRs in MHb-IPN normalizes nicotine intake(a) Mean (± SEM) nicotine infusions in Lenti-Control mice. Genotype F(1,22)=7.70, p<0.05; Dose F(2,22)=19.34, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,22)=3.75, p<0.05. **P<0.01 between genotypes (b) (± SEM) nicotine infusions in Lenti-CHRNA5 mice. Genotype F(1.28)=0.17, not significant (n.s.); Dose F(2,28)=16.05, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,28)=0.36, n.s.; n=6–9 per group. (c) GFP Immunostaining confirmed MHB virus delivery. Hipp, hippocampus; LHB, lateral habenula; LV lateral ventricle; MHb, medial habenula. (d) GFP-labeled cells in MHb, DAPI-counterstained in left panel, extend into the fasciculus retroflexus (Fr). (e) GFP-positive axons detected in IPN. Left panel is labeled with VAChT (red) to identify IPN.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of two line graphs (a, b) and several microscopy images (c, d, e). Panels (a) and (b) show nicotine infusions earned across three doses (0, 0.1, and 0.4 mg kg⁻¹) for wildtype and knockout mice, with a significant difference between genotypes observed in the Lenti-Control group at 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ (p<0.01) that is absent in the Lenti-CHRNA5 group. Panels (c), (d), and (e) use GFP immunostaining and DAPI/VAChT counterstaining to visualize virus delivery in the MHb and the projection of GFP-labeled axons through the fasciculus retroflexus (Fr) into the IPN.
α5* nAChRs in MHb-IPN tract control nicotine intake and its reward-inhibiting effects in rats(a) Nicotine self-administration in rats injected with Lenti-Control or Lenti-α5-shRNA in the MHb. Data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned. Lentivirus F(1,60)=21.07, p<0.01; Dose F(6,60)=3.84, p<0.01; Interaction F(6,60)=1.57, n.s.;; n=5–7 per group. (b) ICSS self-stimulation thresholds in rats. Data are presented as mean (± SEM) percentage change from baseline reward threshold. Lentivirus F(1,60)=13.23, p<0.001; Dose F(5,60)=6.38, p<0.0001; Interaction F(5,60)=4.19, p<0.01. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 indicates statistically significant difference between groups; n=6–8 per group.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of two line graphs comparing Lenti-Control (black) and Lenti-α5-shRNA (red) groups in rats. Panel (a) shows that rats injected with Lenti-α5-shRNA earned significantly more nicotine infusions across most doses compared to controls, with significance markers (*p<0.05, **p<0.01) at doses from 0.06 to 0.18 mg kg⁻¹. Panel (b) displays the percentage change in reward thresholds, where the Lenti-α5-shRNA group maintained lower thresholds across nicotine doses, while the control group showed a significant increase in thresholds at 1.0 (*p<0.05) and 1.5 (***p<0.001) mg kg⁻¹.
Nicotine-induced activation of IPN in mice(a) Photomicrograph of IPN showing Fos immunoreactivity in wildtype (left panels) and α5 knockout (right panels) mice following saline (top panels), 0.5 mg kg−1 nicotine (center panels), or 1.5 mg kg−1 nicotine (bottom panels); n=5 per group. (b) Cell density was quantified with unbiased stereology. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM) density of Fos-immunoreactive cells (number per mm3). Genotype F(1,24)=13.50, p<0.01; Drug F(2,24)=21.13, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,24)=8.64, p<0.01.
LLM interpretation
Figure (a) consists of photomicrographs showing Fos immunoreactivity in the IPN of wildtype and $\alpha$5 knockout mice across three conditions: saline, 0.5 mg/kg nicotine, and 1.5 mg/kg nicotine. Figure (b) is a bar chart quantifying the density of Fos-labeled cells per $\text{mm}^3$, showing a dose-dependent increase in wildtype mice that is significantly attenuated in knockout mice. At the 1.5 mg/kg nicotine dose, the wildtype group shows a significant increase compared to both saline and knockout groups, indicated by statistical markers (*** and +++).
Disruption of IPN or MHb signaling increases nicotine intake in ratsAll data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned. (a) Lidocaine infused into IPN increased nicotine intake in rats; **P<0.01. (b) Lidocaine into MHb increased nicotine intake in rats self-administering a high unit dose (0.12 mg kg−1 per infusion); *P<0.05. (c) LY235959 infused into IPN increased nicotine intake in rats (n=9). F(3,24)=6.08, p<0.01. *P<0.05 and **p<0.01 compared to control. (d) LY235959 (10 ng/side) into MHb increased nicotine intake in rats responding for a high unit dose (0.12 mg kg−1 per infusion; n=5); *P<0.05.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of four bar charts (a-d) showing the number of nicotine infusions earned by rats following pharmacological disruptions in the Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and Medial habenula (MHb). In all four panels, the treatment groups (Lidocaine or LY235959) show an increase in nicotine intake compared to saline or vehicle controls. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks, with p-values ranging from *P<0.05 to **P<0.01. Panel (c) specifically demonstrates a dose-dependent increase in nicotine infusions in the IPN as the dose of LY235959 increases from 0 to 10 ng.
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| Epigenome-wide association study of whole blood gene expression in Framingham Heart Study participants provides molecular insight into the potential role of CHRNA5 in cigarette smoking-related lung diseases. | Yao C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Further pharmacological characterization of a preclinical model of the early development of nicotine withdrawal. | Harris AC | — | 2021 | → |
| Genetic and Depressive Traits Moderate the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Acute Nicotine in Young Light Smokers. | Whitton AE et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Genetic Modifiers of Oral Nicotine Consumption in <i>Chrna5</i> Null Mutant Mice. | Meyers E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Genome-wide association meta-analysis of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption measures in smokers of European descent. | Buchwald J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Habenular connections with the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and their role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. | Metzger M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes: the broad significance. | Caligiuri SPB et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Identification of the Risk Genes Associated With Vulnerability to Addiction: Major Findings From Transgenic Animals. | Jordan CJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Linking the CHRNA5 SNP to drug abuse liability: From circuitry to cellular mechanisms. | Brynildsen JK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction. | Picciotto MR et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Multidimensional Intersection of Nicotine, Gene Expression, and Behavior. | Sherafat Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation and self-administration in a rodent model: Sex- and nicotine delivery-specific effects on metabolism and behavior. | Lallai V et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nicotine inhibits the VTA-to-amygdala dopamine pathway to promote anxiety. | Nguyen C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nicotine-like discriminative and aversive effects of two α4β2-selective nicotine agonists, ispronicline and metanicotine. | Winger G | — | 2021 | → |
| Nicotine preference and affective behavior of Cd81 knockout mice. | Murphy RL et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor redux: Discovery of accessories opens therapeutic vistas. | Matta JA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Paternal nicotine enhances fear memory, reduces nicotine administration, and alters hippocampal genetic and neural function in offspring. | Goldberg LR et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Pharmacogenetics factors influencing smoking cessation success; the importance of nicotine metabolism. | Perez-Paramo YX et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (-)-menthol exposure in mice. | Mulcahy MJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Sex and heredity are determinants of drug intake in a novel model of rat oral oxycodone self-administration. | Sharp BM et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Sex Differences in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor System of Rodents: Impacts on Nicotine and Alcohol Reward Behaviors. | Moen JK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic α-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel α3β4 nAChR antagonists. | Wang S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The rostromedial tegmental (RMTg) "brake" on dopamine and behavior: A decade of progress but also much unfinished work. | Jhou TC | — | 2021 | → |
| α3* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenula-Interpeduncular Nucleus Circuit Regulate Nicotine Intake. | Elayouby KS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Adolescent Cannabinoid and Nicotine Exposure Differentially Alters Adult Nicotine Self-Administration in Males and Females. | Dukes AJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Altered habenula resting state functional connectivity in deprived veteran tobacco smokers: A pilot study. | Jennings C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex. | Wallace ML et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Cholinergic Receptors and Addiction. | Papke RL et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Component of nicotine-induced intracellular calcium elevation mediated through α3- and α5-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are regulated by cyclic AMP in SH-SY 5Y cells. | Takahashi T et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Differences in mechanisms underlying reinstatement of cigarette smoke extract- and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. | Cross SJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches. | Harrison R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution. | Icick R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Midbrain circuits of novelty processing. | Tapper AR et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Midbrain Dopamine Controls Anxiety-like Behavior by Engaging Unique Interpeduncular Nucleus Microcircuitry. | DeGroot SR et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Modulation of "Protective" Nicotine Perception and Use Profile by Flavorants: Preliminary Findings in E-cigarettes. | DeVito EE et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Nicotine Pharmacology and Dependence. | Fowler CD et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder. | Moerke MJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Neural circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the cholinergic regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence. | Xiao C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Nicotine Self-Administration Induces Plastic Changes to Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula. | Jin XT et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Accessory Subunits Determine the Activity Profile of Epibatidine Derivatives. | Corrie LW et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Conventional and unconventional ligands and signaling. | Papke RL et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Nicotinic Antagonist UFR2709 Inhibits Nicotine Reward and Decreases Anxiety in Zebrafish. | Viscarra F et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Nicotinic Receptors Underlying Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models. | Gipson CD et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Partial and full deletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 and β2 subunits reduces sensitivity to acute nicotine administration and development of tolerance following chronic nicotine administration. | Marks MJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The habenular G-protein-coupled receptor 151 regulates synaptic plasticity and nicotine intake. | Antolin-Fontes B et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Flavors on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine Addiction-Related Behaviors. | Cooper SY et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Interpeduncular-Ventral Hippocampus Pathway Mediates Active Stress Coping and Natural Reward. | Sherafat Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The nicotinic receptor alpha5 coding polymorphism rs16969968 as a major target in disease: Functional dissection and remaining challenges. | Maskos U | — | 2020 | → |
| The Novel CYP2A6 Inhibitor, DLCI-1, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration in Mice. | Chen YC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Differentially Modulates α4β2<sup>*</sup> and α3β4<sup>*</sup> Receptors. | Scholze P et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Translational Molecular Approaches in Substance Abuse Research. | Fulton SL et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| T-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Burst Firing in a Subpopulation of Medial Habenula Neurons. | Vickstrom CR et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Upregulation of nAChRs and Changes in Excitability on VTA Dopamine and GABA Neurons Correlates to Changes in Nicotine-Reward-Related Behavior. | Akers AT et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| β4-Nicotinic Receptors Are Critically Involved in Reward-Related Behaviors and Self-Regulation of Nicotine Reinforcement. | Husson M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Assessing nicotine dependence using an oral nicotine free-choice paradigm in mice. | Bagdas D et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation. | Mu P et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Chronic Menthol Does Not Change Stoichiometry or Functional Plasma Membrane Levels of Mouse <i>α</i>3<i>β</i>4-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. | Bavan S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Chronic Nicotine Exposure Alters the Neurophysiology of Habenulo-Interpeduncular Circuitry. | Arvin MC et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Clarifying the Role of the Rostral Interpeduncular Nucleus in Aversion to Nicotine. | Brynildsen JK | — | 2019 | → |
| Control of aversion by glycine-gated GluN1/GluN3A NMDA receptors in the adult medial habenula. | Otsu Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Discovery of an intrasubunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-binding site for the positive allosteric modulator Br-PBTC. | Norleans J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Economic demand analysis of within-session dose-reduction during nicotine self-administration. | Powell GL et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Epigenetic regulation of immediate-early gene Nr4a2/Nurr1 in the medial habenula during reinstatement of cocaine-associated behavior. | López AJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| From controlled to compulsive drug-taking: The role of the habenula in addiction. | Mathis V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Gene editing vectors for studying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cholinergic transmission. | Peng C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Genetic correlations between nicotine reinforcement-related behaviors and propensity toward high or low alcohol preference in two replicate mouse lines. | Weera MM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Genotype-by-environment interactions inferred from genetic effects on phenotypic variability in the UK Biobank | Wang H et al. | — | 2019 | — |
| Genotype-by-environment interactions inferred from genetic effects on phenotypic variability in the UK Biobank. | Wang H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder. | Flannery JS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes. | Duncan A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Impact of CHRNA5 polymorphisms on the risk of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. | Zhan D et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Increased Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin U in Steamed Graviola Leaf Extract Activates Nicotine Detoxification. | Choi EH et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Medial habenula cholinergic signaling regulates cocaine-associated relapse-like behavior. | López AJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco. | Sharp BM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| NF1-cAMP signaling dissociates cell type-specific contributions of striatal medium spiny neurons to reward valuation and motor control. | Sutton LP et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Nicotine Acts on Cholinergic Signaling Mechanisms to Directly Modulate Choroid Plexus Function. | Lallai V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Nicotine and alcohol: the role of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in drug reinforcement. | Morel C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Nicotine Self-Administration as Paradigm for Medication Discovery for Smoking Cessation: Recent Findings in Medications Targeting the Cholinergic System. | Trigo JM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol extract attenuate nicotine's aversive effects in adolescent rats. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence. | Garcia-Rivas V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Optogenetic investigation of neural mechanisms for alcohol-use disorder. | Juarez B et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| PTPRD: neurobiology, genetics, and initial pharmacology of a pleiotropic contributor to brain phenotypes. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Smoking and Increased White and Red Blood Cells. | Pedersen KM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Role of the Medial Habenula Cholinergic System in Addiction and Emotion-Associated Behaviors. | Lee HW et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The role of the nAChR subunits α5, β2, and β4 on synaptic transmission in the mouse superior cervical ganglion. | Simeone X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| [The roles of habenula and related neural circuits in neuropsychiatric diseases]. | Wu Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| β2* nAChRs on VTA dopamine and GABA neurons separately mediate nicotine aversion and reward. | Grieder TE et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A Human Polymorphism in CHRNA5 Is Linked to Relapse to Nicotine Seeking in Transgenic Rats. | Forget B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A little rein on addiction. | Mathuru AS | — | 2018 | → |
| Altered Baseline and Nicotine-Mediated Behavioral and Cholinergic Profiles in ChAT-Cre Mouse Lines. | Chen E et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Basic Science and Public Policy: Informed Regulation for Nicotine and Tobacco Products. | Fowler CD et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Biochemical, demographic, and self-reported tobacco-related predictors of the acute heart rate response to nicotine in smokers. | Jensen KP et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Chrna5-Expressing Neurons in the Interpeduncular Nucleus Mediate Aversion Primed by Prior Stimulation or Nicotine Exposure. | Morton G et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cocaine reward is reduced by decreased expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) and by a novel PTPRD antagonist. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Differential regulation of neuronal excitability by nicotine and substance P in subdivisions of the medial habenula. | Lee C et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Effects of nicotine-containing and "nicotine-free" e-cigarette refill liquids on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Environmental, genetic and epigenetic contributions to cocaine addiction. | Pierce RC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Functional Principles of Posterior Septal Inputs to the Medial Habenula. | Otsu Y et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| GABAergic Neurons as Putative Neurochemical Substrate Mediating Aversive Effects of Nicotine. | Dehkordi O et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Genetics of biologically based psychological differences. | Sallis H et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Information processing in the vertebrate habenula. | Fore S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Insights Into Nicotinic Receptor Signaling in Nicotine Addiction: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. | Liu W et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Knockout of alpha 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subunit alters ethanol-mediated behavioral effects and reward in mice. | Dawson A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Molecular and cellular characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus. | Calarco CA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Neurobiological Considerations for Tobacco Use Disorder. | Chawla M et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| New insights on the effects of varenicline on nicotine reward, withdrawal and hyperalgesia in mice. | Bagdas D et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Nicotine aversion is mediated by GABAergic interpeduncular nucleus inputs to laterodorsal tegmentum. | Wolfman SL et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Optical probing of acetylcholine receptors on neurons in the medial habenula with a novel caged nicotine drug analogue. | Passlick S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Orthosteric and allosteric potentiation of heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | Wang J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Pathways to precision medicine in smoking cessation treatments. | Chen LS et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Propylene glycol, a major electronic cigarette constituent, attenuates the adverse effects of high-dose nicotine as measured by intracranial self-stimulation in rats. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Response dynamics of midbrain dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons to heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA. | Wei C et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Social and anxiety-like behaviors contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats. | Wang T et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Status and Future Directions of Preclinical Behavioral Pharmacology in Tobacco Regulatory Science. | LeSage MG et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Systemic and Intra-Habenular Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR139 Decreases Compulsive-Like Alcohol Drinking and Hyperalgesia in Alcohol-Dependent Rats. | Kononoff J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The interaction of the Chrna5 D398N variant with developmental nicotine exposure. | O'Neill HC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The role of nicotinic receptor genes (CHRN) in the pathways of prenatal tobacco exposure on smoking behavior among young adult light smokers. | Selya AS et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The role of nonmuscle myosin II in polydrug memories and memory reconsolidation. | Briggs SB et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Habenula Highlights Drug Metabolism and the Neuroimmune System. | Le Foll B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Understanding the implications of the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction and its impact on the efficacy of treatment. | Bozinoff N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| α5 nAChR modulation of the prefrontal cortex makes attention resilient. | Howe WM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A circuit-based mechanism underlying familiarity signaling and the preference for novelty. | Molas S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Afferent and efferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus with special reference to circuits involving the habenula and raphe nuclei. | Lima LB et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Altered nicotine reward-associated behavior following α4 nAChR subunit deletion in ventral midbrain. | Peng C et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Anxiety and Nicotine Dependence: Emerging Role of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Axis. | Molas S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Characterization of a thalamic nucleus mediating habenula responses to changes in ambient illumination. | Cheng RK et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Chronic FAAH inhibition during nicotine abstinence alters habenular CB1 receptor activity and precipitates depressive-like behaviors. | Simonnet A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Classification Tree Analysis as a Method for Uncovering Relations Between CHRNA5A3B4 and CHRNB3A6 in Predicting Smoking Progression in Adolescent Smokers. | Pugach O et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Convergence of signaling pathways underlying habenular formation and axonal outgrowth in zebrafish. | Roberson S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Deletion of α5 nicotine receptor subunits abolishes nicotinic aversive motivational effects in a manner that phenocopies dopamine receptor antagonism. | Grieder TE et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Differential effects of pair housing on voluntary nicotine consumption: a comparison between male and female adolescent rats. | Lee H et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Dorsal-CA1 Hippocampal Neuronal Ensembles Encode Nicotine-Reward Contextual Associations. | Xia L et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Getting a Handle on Neuropharmacology by Targeting Receptor-Associated Proteins. | Maher MP et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake. | Tuesta LM et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Highly Selective and Potent α4β2 nAChR Antagonist Inhibits Nicotine Self-Administration and Reinstatement in Rats. | Wu J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Human polymorphisms in nicotinic receptors: a functional analysis in iPS-derived dopaminergic neurons. | Deflorio C et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Increased habenular connectivity in opioid users is associated with an α5 subunit nicotinic receptor genetic variant. | Curtis K et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction. | George O et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Isoform-specific mechanisms of α3β4*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by the prototoxin lynx1. | George AA et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Learning From One's Mistakes: A Dual Role for the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus in the Encoding and Expression of Punished Reward Seeking. | Vento PJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Lung cancer, genetic predisposition and smoking: the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. | Hjelmborg J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Monosynaptic retrograde tracing of neurons expressing the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr151 in the mouse brain. | Broms J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction. | Kwako LE et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| [Optically dissecting brain nicotinic receptor function with photo-controllable designer receptors]. | Durand-de Cuttoli R et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Oxytocin attenuates aversive response to nicotine and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent rats. | Lee H et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Paternal nicotine exposure alters hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in offspring. | Vallaster MP et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Pharmacogenetic Optimization of Smoking Cessation Treatment. | Chenoweth MJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers. | Schuit E et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Retrograde inhibition by a specific subset of interpeduncular α5 nicotinic neurons regulates nicotine preference. | Ables JL et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Similar precipitated withdrawal effects on intracranial self-stimulation during chronic infusion of an e-cigarette liquid or nicotine alone. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Social learning promotes nicotine self-administration by facilitating the extinction of conditioned aversion in isogenic strains of rats. | Han W et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Targeted sequencing of chromosome 15q25 identified novel variants associated with risk of lung cancer and smoking behavior in Chinese. | Cheng Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| TC299423, a Novel Agonist for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. | Wall TR et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The Distribution of Charged Amino Acid Residues and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Permeability of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: A Predictive Model. | Fucile S | — | 2017 | → |
| The habenula in psychiatric disorders: More than three decades of translational investigation. | Fakhoury M | — | 2017 | → |
| The medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus circuitry is critical in addiction, anxiety, and mood regulation. | McLaughlin I et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The role of the habenula in the transition from reward to misery in substance use and mood disorders. | Batalla A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Abuse liability assessment of an e-cigarette refill liquid using intracranial self-stimulation and self-administration models in rats. | LeSage MG et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| A key role for the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in modulating nicotine taking in a model of nicotine and alcohol co-administration. | Cippitelli A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Alterations in alpha5* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors result in midbrain- and hippocampus-dependent behavioural and neural impairments. | Besson M et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stimulant and Opioid Use Disorders. | Jensen KP | — | 2016 | → |
| Associations of rare nicotinic cholinergic receptor gene variants to nicotine and alcohol dependence. | Zuo L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Comparison of effects produced by nicotine and the α4β2-selective agonist 5-I-A-85380 on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. | Freitas K et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Contribution of Variants in CHRNA5/A3/B4 Gene Cluster on Chromosome 15 to Tobacco Smoking: From Genetic Association to Mechanism. | Wen L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Different Hypothalamic Nicotinic α7 Receptor Expression and Response to Low Nicotine Dose in Alcohol-Preferring and Alcohol-Avoiding Rats. | Nuutinen S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Gene by Environment Investigation of Incident Lung Cancer Risk in African-Americans. | David SP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| G = E: What GWAS Can Tell Us about the Environment. | Gage SH et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| GLP-1 influences food and drug reward. | Hayes MR et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Habenula cholinergic neurons regulate anxiety during nicotine withdrawal via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | Pang X et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| How can we Improve on Modeling Nicotine Addiction to Develop Better Smoking Cessation Treatments? | Shoaib M et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| How Intravenous Nicotine Administration in Smokers Can Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science. | Jensen KP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Instant Integrated Ultradeep Quantitative-structural Membrane Proteomics Discovered Post-translational Modification Signatures for Human Cys-loop Receptor Subunit Bias. | Zhang X | — | 2016 | → |
| Intravenous Nicotine Self-Administration in Smokers: Dose-Response Function and Sex Differences. | Jensen KP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Data Hold New Promise for Addiction Genetics. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Multiple Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes in the Mouse Amygdala Regulate Affective Behaviors and Response to Social Stress. | Mineur YS et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. | Koob GF et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Nicotine regulates activity of lateral habenula neurons via presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. | Zuo W et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Nicotine self-administration research: the legacy of Steven R. Goldberg and implications for regulation, health policy, and research. | Henningfield JE et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor mRNA expression in male and female rats with high or low preference for nicotine. | Gozen O et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Optogenetic activation of septal GABAergic afferents entrains neuronal firing in the medial habenula. | Choi K et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Presynaptic Excitation via GABAB Receptors in Habenula Cholinergic Neurons Regulates Fear Memory Expression. | Zhang J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Replicated Risk Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Genes for Nicotine Dependence. | Zuo L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Role of β4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Pathway in Nicotine Reinforcement in Mice. | Harrington L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The CHRNA5-A3-B4 Gene Cluster and Smoking: From Discovery to Therapeutics. | Lassi G et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The habenula. | Namboodiri VM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The prototoxin LYPD6B modulates heteromeric α3β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but not α7 homomers. | Ochoa V et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| To quit or not: Vulnerability of women to smoking tobacco. | Park SJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Unorthodox Acetylcholine Binding Sites Formed by α5 and β3 Accessory Subunits in α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. | Jain A et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| What does addiction medicine expect from neuroscience? From genes and neurons to treatment responses. | Le Foll B | — | 2016 | → |
| Whole exome sequencing of Rett syndrome-like patients reveals the mutational diversity of the clinical phenotype. | Lucariello M et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| A CHRNA5 Smoking Risk Variant Decreases the Aversive Effects of Nicotine in Humans. | Jensen KP et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A critical assessment of the scientific basis, and implementation, of regulations for the safety assessment and marketing of innovative tobacco-related products. | Combes RD et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Acute nicotine induces anxiety and disrupts temporal pattern organization of rat exploratory behavior in hole-board: a potential role for the lateral habenula. | Casarrubea M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A multiancestry study identifies novel genetic associations with CHRNA5 methylation in human brain and risk of nicotine dependence. | Hancock DB et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| An essential role of acetylcholine-glutamate synergy at habenular synapses in nicotine dependence. | Frahm S et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Animal models to assess the abuse liability of tobacco products: effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on intracranial self-stimulation. | Harris AC et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A Novel α2/α4 Subtype-selective Positive Allosteric Modulator of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Acting from the C-tail of an α Subunit. | Wang J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications. | Duboc V et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| AT-1001: a high-affinity α3β4 nAChR ligand with novel nicotine-suppressive pharmacology. | Cippitelli A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function. | Soreq H | — | 2015 | → |
| CHRNA5 rs16969968 Polymorphism Association with Risk of Lung Cancer--Evidence from 17,962 Lung Cancer Cases and 77,216 Control Subjects. | Xu ZW et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. | Ozburn AR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. | Bühler KM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
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| Crucial role of nicotinic α5 subunit variants for Ca2+ fluxes in ventral midbrain neurons. | Sciaccaluga M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
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| Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking. | Stephens SH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Targeted deletion of the mouse α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (Chrna2) potentiates nicotine-modulated behaviors. | Lotfipour S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| α4α6β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is sufficient to stimulate a depolarizing conductance and enhance surface AMPA receptor function. | Engle SE et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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