Habenular α5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Fowler, Christie D; Lu, Qun; Johnson, Paul M; Marks, Michael J; Kenny, Paul J
Year: 2011
Journal: Nature
PMID: 21278726
DOI: 10.1038/nature09797
PMCID: PMC3079537

Figure 1

Increased nicotine intake in α5 subunit knockout mice(a) Data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned across a range of nicotine doses. Two-way ANOVA: Genotype F(1,91)=28.57, p<0.0001; Dose F(6,91)=13.69, p<0.0001; Interaction F(6,75)=2.55, p<0.05; n=10–11 per group. (b) Data from [a] are presented as mean (± SEM) total nicotine intake at each dose. Genotype F(1,91)=67.98, p<0.0001; Dose F(6,91)=39.06, p<0.0001; Interaction F(6,791=14.25, p<0.0001.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of two line graphs comparing nicotine intake between wildtype (black) and $\alpha5$ subunit knockout (red) mice across various nicotine doses. Panel (a) shows the number of nicotine infusions earned, where knockout mice maintain higher infusion rates at doses from 0.4 to 1.0 $\text{mg kg}^{-1}$ compared to wildtype mice. Panel (b) shows the total nicotine intake ($\text{mg kg}^{-1}$), demonstrating a significantly steeper increase in intake for knockout mice at higher doses, with statistical significance indicated by asterisks (***) from 0.4 to 1.0 $\text{mg kg}^{-1}$.

Figure 2

“Rescue” of α5* nAChRs in MHb-IPN normalizes nicotine intake(a) Mean (± SEM) nicotine infusions in Lenti-Control mice. Genotype F(1,22)=7.70, p<0.05; Dose F(2,22)=19.34, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,22)=3.75, p<0.05. **P<0.01 between genotypes (b) (± SEM) nicotine infusions in Lenti-CHRNA5 mice. Genotype F(1.28)=0.17, not significant (n.s.); Dose F(2,28)=16.05, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,28)=0.36, n.s.; n=6–9 per group. (c) GFP Immunostaining confirmed MHB virus delivery. Hipp, hippocampus; LHB, lateral habenula; LV lateral ventricle; MHb, medial habenula. (d) GFP-labeled cells in MHb, DAPI-counterstained in left panel, extend into the fasciculus retroflexus (Fr). (e) GFP-positive axons detected in IPN. Left panel is labeled with VAChT (red) to identify IPN.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of two line graphs (a, b) and several microscopy images (c, d, e). Panels (a) and (b) show nicotine infusions earned across three doses (0, 0.1, and 0.4 mg kg⁻¹) for wildtype and knockout mice, with a significant difference between genotypes observed in the Lenti-Control group at 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ (p<0.01) that is absent in the Lenti-CHRNA5 group. Panels (c), (d), and (e) use GFP immunostaining and DAPI/VAChT counterstaining to visualize virus delivery in the MHb and the projection of GFP-labeled axons through the fasciculus retroflexus (Fr) into the IPN.

Figure 3

α5* nAChRs in MHb-IPN tract control nicotine intake and its reward-inhibiting effects in rats(a) Nicotine self-administration in rats injected with Lenti-Control or Lenti-α5-shRNA in the MHb. Data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned. Lentivirus F(1,60)=21.07, p<0.01; Dose F(6,60)=3.84, p<0.01; Interaction F(6,60)=1.57, n.s.;; n=5–7 per group. (b) ICSS self-stimulation thresholds in rats. Data are presented as mean (± SEM) percentage change from baseline reward threshold. Lentivirus F(1,60)=13.23, p<0.001; Dose F(5,60)=6.38, p<0.0001; Interaction F(5,60)=4.19, p<0.01. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 indicates statistically significant difference between groups; n=6–8 per group.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of two line graphs comparing Lenti-Control (black) and Lenti-α5-shRNA (red) groups in rats. Panel (a) shows that rats injected with Lenti-α5-shRNA earned significantly more nicotine infusions across most doses compared to controls, with significance markers (*p<0.05, **p<0.01) at doses from 0.06 to 0.18 mg kg⁻¹. Panel (b) displays the percentage change in reward thresholds, where the Lenti-α5-shRNA group maintained lower thresholds across nicotine doses, while the control group showed a significant increase in thresholds at 1.0 (*p<0.05) and 1.5 (***p<0.001) mg kg⁻¹.

Figure 4

Nicotine-induced activation of IPN in mice(a) Photomicrograph of IPN showing Fos immunoreactivity in wildtype (left panels) and α5 knockout (right panels) mice following saline (top panels), 0.5 mg kg−1 nicotine (center panels), or 1.5 mg kg−1 nicotine (bottom panels); n=5 per group. (b) Cell density was quantified with unbiased stereology. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM) density of Fos-immunoreactive cells (number per mm3). Genotype F(1,24)=13.50, p<0.01; Drug F(2,24)=21.13, p<0.0001; Interaction F(2,24)=8.64, p<0.01.

LLM interpretation

Figure (a) consists of photomicrographs showing Fos immunoreactivity in the IPN of wildtype and $\alpha$5 knockout mice across three conditions: saline, 0.5 mg/kg nicotine, and 1.5 mg/kg nicotine. Figure (b) is a bar chart quantifying the density of Fos-labeled cells per $\text{mm}^3$, showing a dose-dependent increase in wildtype mice that is significantly attenuated in knockout mice. At the 1.5 mg/kg nicotine dose, the wildtype group shows a significant increase compared to both saline and knockout groups, indicated by statistical markers (*** and +++).

Figure 5

Disruption of IPN or MHb signaling increases nicotine intake in ratsAll data are presented as mean (± SEM) number of nicotine infusions earned. (a) Lidocaine infused into IPN increased nicotine intake in rats; **P<0.01. (b) Lidocaine into MHb increased nicotine intake in rats self-administering a high unit dose (0.12 mg kg−1 per infusion); *P<0.05. (c) LY235959 infused into IPN increased nicotine intake in rats (n=9). F(3,24)=6.08, p<0.01. *P<0.05 and **p<0.01 compared to control. (d) LY235959 (10 ng/side) into MHb increased nicotine intake in rats responding for a high unit dose (0.12 mg kg−1 per infusion; n=5); *P<0.05.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of four bar charts (a-d) showing the number of nicotine infusions earned by rats following pharmacological disruptions in the Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and Medial habenula (MHb). In all four panels, the treatment groups (Lidocaine or LY235959) show an increase in nicotine intake compared to saline or vehicle controls. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks, with p-values ranging from *P<0.05 to **P<0.01. Panel (c) specifically demonstrates a dose-dependent increase in nicotine infusions in the IPN as the dose of LY235959 increases from 0 to 10 ng.

#	Section	Preview
40	Methods — Fos Procedure	(1:500 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, MA) in 0.5% Triton-PBS overnight at 4°C. The following day,…
41	Methods — Statistical Analyses	All data were analyzed by one- or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or t-test using Graphpad…

Name	Type
293TN cells local	drug
3-diaminobenzidine local	drug
86Rb+ local	drug
86RbCl local	drug
86Rb+ efflux local	phenotype
ABC Elite local	drug
acetylcholine	drug
acetylcholine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux local	phenotype
ACTB	gene
Aequorea victoria GFP local	drug
alcohol self-administration	phenotype
Alexa 488 donkey anti-rabbit local	drug
anesthesia local	phenotype
Anesthesia local	phenotype
animals	cohort
aversive response to nicotine local	phenotype
aversive/satiety pathway recruitment local	phenotype
Avoidance of noxious substances local	phenotype
brain	anatomy
Brain reinforcement systems local	anatomy
brain reward systems local	phenotype
Brevital	drug
BSR threshold local	phenotype
BSR thresholds local	phenotype
C57BL/6 background local	cohort
catheter integrity local	phenotype
caudomedial VTA (interfascicular nucleus) local	anatomy
chicken polyclonal IgG local	drug
chloroform	drug
CHRNA5	gene
CHRNA5_mutant local	variant
CHRNA5 null mutant mice local	cohort
CHRNA5 null mutation local	variant
CHRNA5 risk alleles local	variant
CHRNA5_wildtype local	variant
CO2	drug
conditioned place aversion	phenotype
conditioned taste aversion	phenotype
COPD	phenotype
copGFP local	drug
cortex	anatomy
DAPI	drug
Deep layers of cortex local	anatomy
Dogs	cohort
donkey serum	drug
dopaminergic neurons	anatomy
dorsal tegmental nucleus local	anatomy
dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus local	anatomy
drug dependence	phenotype
DyLight 488 donkey anti-chicken local	drug
DyLight 594 donkey anti-guinea pig local	drug
DyLight 647 donkey anti-guinea pig local	drug
ethanol consumption	phenotype
Fasciculus retroflexus local	anatomy
female mice	cohort
food pellet	drug
Fos	gene
Fos immunoreactivity local	phenotype
GFP	drug
glutamate	drug
goat anti-rabbit secondary IgG local	drug
guinea pig polyclonal IgG local	drug
habenula	anatomy
habenulo-interpeduncular pathway local	anatomy
Habenulo-interpeduncular pathway local	anatomy
habenulo-interpeduncular tract local	anatomy
Habenulo-interpeduncular tract local	anatomy
HEK-293FT packaging cells local	drug
heparin	drug
hippocampus	anatomy
humans	cohort
increased Fos immunoreactivity local	phenotype
infectious units per ml (IFU ml−1) local	drug
Inhibitory motivational signal local	phenotype
interpeduncular nucleus	anatomy
Invitrogen	drug
isoflurane	drug
isopropanol	drug
Jackson ImmunoResearch local	drug
Knockdown virus local	drug
knockout mice	cohort
lateral habenula	anatomy
lateral hypothalamus	anatomy
lenti-CHRNA5 local	drug
Lenti-CHRNA5 local	cohort
Lenti-CHRNA5 local	drug
Lenti-CHRNA5 knockout mice local	cohort
Lenti-CHRNA5 vector local	drug
Lenti-Control local	cohort
Lenti-Control local	drug
Lenti-Control rats local	cohort
Lentivector Rapid Titer Kit local	drug
lentivirus	drug
Lenti-α5-shRNA local	cohort
Lenti-α5-shRNA local	drug
Lenti-α5-shRNA rats local	cohort
lidocaine local	drug
lipofectamine reagent local	drug
lung cancer	phenotype
LY235959 local	drug
male mice	cohort
medial habenula	anatomy
Medial habenula (MHb) local	anatomy
mesoaccumbens pathway local	anatomy
MHb-IPN pathway local	anatomy
mice	cohort
monkeys	cohort
Motivation to seek nicotine local	phenotype
multiplicity of infection (MOI) local	drug
nAChR signaling local	phenotype
Negative effects of nicotine limiting intake local	phenotype
Neo-1 local	drug
Neo-2 local	drug
nickel local	drug
nicotine	drug
nicotine self-administration	phenotype
nicotine self-administration behavior local	phenotype
nicotine use	phenotype
non-contingent electrical stimulus local	drug
Noxious substances local	drug
Optiphase Supermix scintillation cocktail local	drug
oxygen	drug
paraformaldehyde	drug
PBT local	drug
Permount local	drug
Phosphate buffer solution local	drug
physiological sterile saline solution local	drug
place preference	phenotype
plus reagent local	drug
pPACKF1TM Lentiviral Packaging Kit local	drug
PVDF filters (Millex-HV) local	drug
rabbit polyclonal IgG local	drug
raphe nuclei	anatomy
rats	cohort
reduced 86Rb+ efflux local	phenotype
Re-expressing virus local	drug
Reinforcing properties of nicotine	phenotype
reward pathways	anatomy
risk allele for tobacco dependence local	variant
RNAsecure local	drug
RNA-STAT60 local	drug
rRNA	drug
saline	drug
satiety pathway activation local	phenotype
sodium azide	drug
Sodium pentobarbital local	drug
Somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal local	phenotype
sterile saline solution local	drug
stress response	phenotype
striatum	anatomy
substantia nigra	anatomy
sucrose	drug
System Biosciences local	drug
TaqMan High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit local	drug
TaqMan Universal PCR kit local	drug
thalamus	anatomy
tobacco dependence	phenotype
tobacco smoke	phenotype
Triton-PBS local	drug
Triton X-100	drug
Triton-X 100 local	drug
Turbo DNase local	drug
VAChT local	drug
Vector Labs local	drug
ventral tegmental area	anatomy
viral supernatant local	drug
VMH	anatomy
VTA	anatomy
wildtype littermates local	cohort
wild-type mice	cohort
Wildtype mice treated with Lenti-CHRNA5 vector local	cohort
Wistar rats	cohort
α5 knockout local	variant
α5* nAChRs local	drug
α5 subunit knockout mice local	cohort
α5 subunit mRNA expression local	phenotype
β-actin	gene

Citation	PMID	DOI	Status
Amos, CI, Nat Genet, 2008, Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1	18385676	10.1038/ng.109	Cited
Berrettini, W, Mol Psychiatry, 2008, Alpha-5/alpha-3 nicotinic receptor subunit alleles increase risk for heavy smoking	18227835	10.1038/sj.mp.4002154	Cited
Bierut, LJ, Am J Psychiatry, 2008, Variants in nicotinic receptors and risk for nicotine dependence	18519524	10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111711	Primary
Brown, RW et al., J Neurochem, 2007, Nicotinic alpha5 subunit deletion locally reduces high-affinity agonist activation without altering nicotinic receptor numbers	17573823	10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04700.x	Cited
Corrigall, WA et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1989, Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule	2594913	10.1007/BF00589894	Cited
Corrigall, WA et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1992, The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine	1615127	10.1007/BF02245149	Cited
Donovick, PJ et al., J Comp Physiol Psychol, 1970, Localization of quinine aversion within the septum, habenula, and interpeduncular nucleus of the rat	5480869	10.1037/h0029114	Cited
Gavrilov, YV et al., Neurosci Behav Physiol, 2008, Stress-induced changes in cellular responses in hypothalamic structures to administration of an antigen (lipopolysaccharide) (in terms of c-Fos protein expression)	18197387	10.1007/s11055-008-0028-9	Cited
Girod, R et al., Neuropharmacology, 2000, Facilitation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors	11044742	10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00145-3	Cited
Glick, SD et al., Eur J Pharmacol, 2006, 18-Methoxycoronaridine acts in the medial habenula and/or interpeduncular nucleus to decrease morphine self-administration in rats	16626688	10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.045	Cited
Grady, SR, J Neurosci, 2009, Rodent habenulo-interpeduncular pathway expresses a large variety of uncommon nAChR subtypes, but only the alpha3beta4* and alpha3beta3beta4* subtypes mediate acetylcholine release	19228980	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5121-08.2009	Cited
Henningfield, JE et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1983, Nicotine as a reinforcer in human subjects and laboratory animals	6657732	10.1016/0091-3057(83)90405-7	Cited
Herkenham, M et al., J Comp Neurol, 1979, Efferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat	226566	10.1002/cne.901870103	Cited
Hong, LE, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, A genetically modulated, intrinsic cingulate circuit supports human nicotine addiction	20643934	10.1073/pnas.1004745107	Cited
Hung, RJ, Nature, 2008, A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25	18385738	10.1038/nature06885	Cited
Hussain, RJ et al., Neurosci Lett, 2008, Effects of nicotine, methamphetamine and cocaine on extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the interpeduncular nucleus of rats	18583043	10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.001	Cited
Huston-Lyons, D et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1992, Effects of nicotine on the threshold for rewarding brain stimulation in rats	1594644	10.1016/0091-3057(92)90223-3	Cited
Ikemoto, S et al., J Neurosci, 2006, Primary reinforcing effects of nicotine are triggered from multiple regions both inside and outside the ventral tegmental area	16421292	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4542-05.2006	Cited
Jackson, KJ, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2010, Role of alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in pharmacological and behavioral effects of nicotine in mice	20400469	10.1124/jpet.110.165738	Cited
Kenny, PJ et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006, Nicotine self-administration acutely activates brain reward systems and induces a long-lasting increase in reward sensitivity	16192981	10.1038/sj.npp.1300905	Cited
Kenny, PJ et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, NMDA receptors regulate nicotine-enhanced brain reward function and intravenous nicotine self-administration: role of the ventral tegmental area and central nucleus of the amygdala	18418357	10.1038/npp.2008.58	Cited
Kenny, PJ, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2007, Brain reward systems and compulsive drug use	17276521	10.1016/j.tips.2007.01.008	Cited
Kornetsky, C et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1979, Intracranial self-stimulation thresholds: a model for the hedonic effects of drugs of abuse	420547	10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780030055004	Cited
Kuryatov, A et al., Mol Pharmacol, 2011, Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) {alpha}5 Subunit Variant Associated with Risk for Nicotine Dependence and Lung Cancer Reduces ({alpha}4{beta}2)2{alpha}5 AChR Function	20881005	10.1124/mol.110.066357	Cited
Laviolette, SR et al., J Neurosci, 2002, Lesions of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus block the rewarding effects and reveal the aversive effects of nicotine in the ventral tegmental area	12351739	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08653.2002	Cited
Le Foll, B et al., PLoS ONE, 2007, High reinforcing efficacy of nicotine in non-human primates	17311094	10.1371/journal.pone.0000230	Cited
Le Marchand, L, Cancer Res, 2008, Smokers with the CHRNA lung cancer-associated variants are exposed to higher levels of nicotine equivalents and a carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine	19010884	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2271	Cited
Le Novere, N et al., J Neurobiol, 2002, The diversity of subunit composition in nAChRs: evolutionary origins, physiologic and pharmacologic consequences	12436412	10.1002/neu.10153	Cited
Lecourtier, L et al., Eur J Neurosci, 2004, Habenula lesions cause impaired cognitive performance in rats: implications for schizophrenia	15128408	10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03356.x	Cited
Liu, JZ, Nat Genet, 2010, Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity	20418889	10.1038/ng.572	Cited
London, ED et al., J Neurosci, 1988, Effects of nicotine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat	3193185	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-10-03920.1988	Cited
Lynch, WJ et al., Exp Clin Psychopharmacol, 1999, Regulation of intravenously self-administered nicotine in rats	10472507	10.1037//1064-1297.7.3.198	Cited
Lynch, WJ et al., Exp Clin Psychopharmacol, 2001, Regulation of drug intake	11518086	10.1037//1064-1297.9.2.131	Cited
Marks, MJ, J Neurosci, 1992, Nicotine binding and nicotinic receptor subunit RNA after chronic nicotine treatment	1613557	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02765.1992	Cited
Marks, MJ, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1999, Two pharmacologically distinct components of nicotinic receptor-mediated rubidium efflux in mouse brain require the beta2 subunit	10215692	—	Cited
Maskos, U, Nature, 2005, Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptors	16001069	10.1038/nature03694	Cited
Matsumoto, M et al., Nature, 2007, Lateral habenula as a source of negative reward signals in dopamine neurons	17522629	10.1038/nature05860	Cited
Matta, SG, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2007, Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research	16896961	10.1007/s00213-006-0441-0	Cited
McGehee, DS et al., Science, 1995, Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors	7569895	10.1126/science.7569895	Cited
Mokdad, AH et al., JAMA, 2004, Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000	15010446	10.1001/jama.291.10.1238	Cited
Paxinos, G et al., The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 2001	—	—	—
Paxinos, G et al., The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 1997	—	—	—
Picciotto, MR, Nature, 1998, Acetylcholine receptors containing the beta2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine	9428762	10.1038/34413	Cited
Qin, C et al., Neuroscience, 2009, Neurochemical phenotypes of the afferent and efferent projections of the mouse medial habenula	19362132	10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.085	Cited
Rauhut, AS et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2008, Bupropion differentially alters the aversive, locomotor and rewarding properties of nicotine in CD-1 mice	18556053	10.1016/j.pbb.2008.05.002	Cited
Risner, ME et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1983, A comparison of nicotine and cocaine self-administration in the dog: fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules of intravenous drug infusion	6822957	—	Cited
Russell, MA et al., Br Med J, 1975, Plasma nicotine levels after smoking cigarettes with high, medium, and low nicotine yields	1168517	10.1136/bmj.2.5968.414	Cited
Saccone, SF, Hum Mol Genet, 2007, Cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes implicated in a nicotine dependence association study targeting 348 candidate genes with 3713 SNPs	17135278	10.1093/hmg/ddl438	Cited
Salas, R et al., J Neurosci, 2009, Nicotinic receptors in the habenulo-interpeduncular system are necessary for nicotine withdrawal in mice	19279237	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4934-08.2009	Cited
Salas, R, Mol Pharmacol, 2003, The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 5 mediates short-term effects of nicotine in vivo	12695534	10.1124/mol.63.5.1059	Cited
Schaefer, GJ et al., Neuropharmacology, 1986, Task-specific effects of nicotine in rats. Intracranial self-stimulation and locomotor activity	3703168	10.1016/0028-3908(86)90033-x	Cited
Shoaib, M, Neuropharmacology, 2002, The role of nicotinic receptor beta-2 subunits in nicotine discrimination and conditioned taste aversion	11955523	10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00194-0	Cited
Stolerman, IP et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1995, The scientific case that nicotine is addictive	7724697	10.1007/BF02245088	Cited
Tapper, AR, Science, 2004, Nicotine activation of alpha4* receptors: sufficient for reward, tolerance, and sensitization	15528443	10.1126/science.1099420	Cited
Wang, Y et al., Carcinogenesis, 2010, Role of 5p15.33 (TERT-CLPTM1L), 6p21.33 and 15q25.1 (CHRNA5-CHRNA3) variation and lung cancer risk in never-smokers	19955392	10.1093/carcin/bgp287	Cited

In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Genetic variation (CHRNA5), medication (combination nicotine replacement therapy vs. varenicline), and smoking cessation.	2015	26142345
Assessing the utility of intermediate phenotypes for genetic mapping of psychiatric disease.	2014	25216981
Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 SNP rs2036527 with smoking cessation therapy response in African-American smokers.	2014	24733007
Identification of CHRNA5 rare variants in African-American heavy smokers.	2014	24682045
The Genetics, Neurogenetics and Pharmacogenetics of Addiction.	2014	25045619
Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking.	2013	24186853
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variation and response to smoking cessation therapies.	2013	23249876
Acetylcholine as a neuromodulator: cholinergic signaling shapes nervous system function and behavior.	2012	23040810
Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications.	2012	22777127
Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation: role of nicotine target and metabolism genes.	2012	22290489
Translational genetic approaches to substance use disorders: bridging the gap between mice and humans.	2012	22170288
Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence.	2011	21338875

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Beyond the Smoke: The Enduring Imperative of Animal Models in Unraveling the Complexities of Nicotine Addiction.	Li MD	—	2026	→
Disruption of <i>chrna5</i> blunts aversion and adaptive transcriptomic responses to nicotine and alcohol.	Goel T et al.	—	2026	→
Genetic architecture of human aging and longevity: Insights from genome-wide association studies.	Yoon D et al.	—	2026	→
Identification of rs2036527 as a cis-regulatory variant for CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 by allele-specific expression and implications for nicotine dependence and lung cancer.	Peng T et al.	—	2026	→
Nicotine-induced conditioned place preferences in humans.	Sklenarik SM et al.	—	2026	→
Pathology of oral nicotine pouches and their addiction mechanisms.	Zou H et al.	—	2026	→
Rare coding variants in CHRNB3 associate with reduced daily cigarette smoking across ancestries.	Rajagopal VM et al.	—	2026	→
Review: "The Disappointment Dilemma: Short- and Long-Term Learning From Negative Outcomes".	Ibañez-Tallon I et al.	—	2026	→
The Habenula's role in major depressive disorder: recent insights from preclinical and human studies.	Lin F et al.	—	2026	→
The nicotine paradox: Weak primary reinforcer, strong enhancer.	Bevins RA et al.	—	2026	→
Unveiling the hidden genetic conundrum linking pulmonary diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders: Novel insights from advanced omics-based analyses of the lung-brain axis.	Ding S et al.	—	2026	→
β-Nicotyrine and e-cigarette abuse liability II: Behavioral economic demand and intracranial self-stimulation in rats.	Smethells JR et al.	—	2026	→
Calcium-activated ion channels drive atypical inhibition in medial habenula neurons.	Kawai T et al.	—	2025	→
Complex opioid-driven modulation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in a GABAergic brain nucleus associated with emotion, reward, and addiction.	Chittajallu R et al.	—	2025	→
Effects of volatile organic compounds found in cigarette smoke on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2025	→
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for smoking cessation among patients diagnosed with lung cancer and major depression disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.	Hong X et al.	—	2025	→
Epigenetic regulation of cocaine intake through dopaminergic control of cholinergic interneurons in male mice.	Lewis RG et al.	—	2025	→
Interpeduncular GABAergic neuron function controls threat processing and innate defensive adaptive learning.	Williams EW et al.	—	2025	→
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Function in Interpeduncular Nucleus Is Modulated by Nicotine Exposure.	Yan Y et al.	—	2025	→
<i>chrna3</i> Modulates Alcohol Response.	Raine J et al.	—	2025	→
Mu-opioid receptor activation potentiates excitatory transmission at the habenulo-peduncular synapse.	Singhal SM et al.	—	2025	→
Nicotine and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: unraveling the mechanisms of nicotine addiction.	Jiang J et al.	—	2025	→
Nicotine Withdrawal Drives Aversive Behaviors by Recruiting Inhibitory Interpeduncular Nucleus Inputs to the Laterodorsal Tegmentum in Mice.	Monical A et al.	—	2025	→
Nicotinic Receptors in the Medial Habenula to Interpeduncular Nucleus Pathway: Modulators of Reward, Aversion and Emotion.	Ciscato M et al.	—	2025	→
Novel Transgenic Zebrafish Lines to Study the CHRNA3-B4-A5 Gene Cluster.	Hua Y et al.	—	2025	→
Slowing the drive: A new regulatory break for nicotine reward-related behaviors.	Henderson BJ	—	2025	→
Targeting GPR3 as a novel approach for nicotine cessation therapeutic development.	Mogul AS et al.	—	2025	→
The habenula-interpeduncular nucleus-median raphe pathway regulates the outcome of social dominance conflicts in mice.	Matsumata M et al.	—	2025	→
The influence of CHRNA5 and D398N missense variation on social and emotional behaviors in rodents and humans.	de Chaumont F et al.	—	2025	→
The influence of stress and social defeat on neurobiological reinforcement mechanisms across reward to withdrawal in nicotine addiction.	Shankar K et al.	—	2025	→
The interpeduncular nucleus blunts the rewarding effect of nicotine.	Jehl J et al.	—	2025	→
Acute nicotine activates orectic and inhibits anorectic brain regions in rats exposed to chronic nicotine.	Shankar K et al.	—	2024	→
Cannabidiol as a potential cessation therapeutic: Effects on intravenous nicotine self-administration and withdrawal symptoms in mice.	Cheeks SN et al.	—	2024	→
Distinct Chrna5 mutations link excessive alcohol use to types I/II vulnerability profiles and IPN GABAergic neurons.	Tochon L et al.	—	2024	→
Dopamine control of social novelty preference is constrained by an interpeduncular-tegmentum circuit.	Molas S et al.	—	2024	→
Evaluation of (S)-T1 and (S)-T2 ligands targeting α3β4 nAChR as potential nicotine addiction pharmacotherapy.	Nianpanich S et al.	—	2024	→
Expression of sensitized β2 nAChR subunits in VTA neurons enhances intravenous nicotine self-administration in male rats.	Walker NB et al.	—	2024	→
Investigating the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in menthol's effects in mice.	Akinola LS et al.	—	2024	→
Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse.	Wang X et al.	—	2024	→
Neurocircuitry underlying the actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY<sub>3</sub><sub>-</sub><sub>36</sub> in the suppression of food, drug-seeking, and anxiogenesis.	Dumiaty Y et al.	—	2024	→
Neuronal Excitability in the Medial Habenula and Ventral Tegmental Area Is Differentially Modulated by Nicotine Dosage and Menthol in a Sex-Specific Manner.	Olszewski NA et al.	—	2024	→
Nicotinic Receptor Alpha-5 Subunit Gene Polymorphism is Associated With Heavy Smoking Under a Range of Nicotine Dosing Conditions.	Zuo Y et al.	—	2024	→
Relapse to cocaine seeking is regulated by medial habenula NR4A2/NURR1 in mice.	Childs JE et al.	—	2024	→
SR9883 is a novel small-molecule enhancer of α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling that decreases intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats.	Braunscheidel KM et al.	—	2024	→
Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence.	Herman RJ et al.	—	2024	→
The many enigmas of nicotine.	Papke RL	—	2024	→
Transient nicotine exposure in early adolescent male mice freezes their dopamine circuits in an immature state.	Reynolds LM et al.	—	2024	→
Voluntary nicotine consumption and reward in a subset of diversity outbred founder strains.	Rahman Y et al.	—	2024	→
A neuronal coping mechanism linking stress-induced anxiety to motivation for reward.	Klenowski PM et al.	—	2023	→
Associations between health behaviours, fertility and reproductive outcomes: triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).	Wootton RE et al.	—	2023	→
Beyond the label: current evidence and future directions for the interrelationship between electronic cigarettes and mental health.	Bautista M et al.	—	2023	→
Chemical Flavorants in Vaping Products Alter Neurobiology in a Sex-Dependent Manner to Promote Vaping-Related Behaviors.	Cooper SY et al.	—	2023	→
CHRNA5 gene variation affects the response of VTA dopaminergic neurons during chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal.	Yang K et al.	—	2023	→
Contribution of the α5 nAChR Subunit and α5SNP to Nicotine-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Human Cancer Cells.	Papapostolou I et al.	—	2023	→
Development of Dependence in Smokers and Rodents With Voluntary Nicotine Intake: Similarities and Differences.	Chellian R et al.	—	2023	→
Extracellular ATP Neurotransmission and Nicotine Sex-Specifically Modulate Habenular Neuronal Activity in Adolescence.	Chen YC et al.	—	2023	→
Gene-environment interaction explains a part of missing heritability in human body mass index.	Jung HU et al.	—	2023	→
Genetic and epigenetic studies of opioid abuse disorder - the potential for future diagnostics.	Abdulmalek S et al.	—	2023	→
Identification of Pathogenic Missense Mutations in the CHRNA5 Gene: A Computational Approach.	Kumaraguru M et al.	—	2023	→
Influence of Genes in the Individualization of Smoking Cessation Pharmacological Treatment.	Mirambeaux Villalona R	—	2023	→
Molecular insights into GPCR mechanisms for drugs of abuse.	Sanchez-Reyes OB et al.	—	2023	→
Neuropeptide Y in the medial habenula alleviates migraine-like behaviors through the Y1 receptor.	Yang C et al.	—	2023	→
New medications development for smoking cessation.	Lengel D et al.	—	2023	→
Nicotine addiction: More than just dopamine.	Kim K et al.	—	2023	→
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Dysfunction in Addiction and in Some Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.	Vallés AS et al.	—	2023	→
Prolonged nicotine exposure reduces aversion to the drug in mice by altering nicotinic transmission in the interpeduncular nucleus.	Mondoloni S et al.	—	2023	→
Selective α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>4</sub> Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand as a Potential Tracer for Drug Addiction.	Kanasuwan A et al.	—	2023	→
Sleep-mediated regulation of reward circuits: implications in substance use disorders.	Guo R et al.	—	2023	→
Stress relief as a natural resilience mechanism against depression-like behaviors.	Dong Y et al.	—	2023	→
Understanding the habenula: A major node in circuits regulating emotion and motivation.	Ables JL et al.	—	2023	→
Viral Tracing Confirms Paranigral Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Inputs to the Interpeduncular Nucleus Where Dopamine Release Encodes Motivated Exploration.	Molas S et al.	—	2023	→
An inhibitory brainstem input to dopamine neurons encodes nicotine aversion.	Liu C et al.	—	2022	→
Association of Polymorphism <i>CHRNA5</i> and <i>CHRNA3</i> Gene in People Addicted to Nicotine.	Chmielowiec K et al.	—	2022	→
Chronic infusions of mecamylamine into the medial habenula: Effects on nicotine self-administration in rats.	Levin ED et al.	—	2022	→
Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine Oxidase <i>in vitro</i> and Produces Greater Acute Aversive/Anhedonic Effects Than Nicotine Alone on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2022	→
Comparative Assessment of Outcomes in Drug Treatment for Smoking Cessation and Role of Genetic Polymorphisms of Human Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits.	Muderrisoglu A et al.	—	2022	→
Disruption of VGLUT1 in Cholinergic Medial Habenula Projections Increases Nicotine Self-Administration.	Souter EA et al.	—	2022	→
Divergent Roles of α5 and β4 Nicotinic Receptor Subunits in Food Reward and Nicotine-induced Weight Loss in Male Mice.	Breum AW et al.	—	2022	→
Dynamic activity of interpeduncular nucleus GABAergic neurons controls expression of nicotine withdrawal in male mice.	Klenowski PM et al.	—	2022	→
Functional α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in GABAergic neurons of the interpeduncular nucleus.	Jin XT et al.	—	2022	→
Functions of habenula in reproduction and socio-reproductive behaviours.	Ogawa S et al.	—	2022	→
Hedgehog-interacting protein acts in the habenula to regulate nicotine intake.	Caligiuri SPB et al.	—	2022	→
High-throughput cell-based assays for identifying antagonists of multiple smoking-associated human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.	Kassner M et al.	—	2022	→
Kappa-opioid receptor activation reinstates nicotine self-administration in mice.	Gowrishankar R et al.	—	2022	→
Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion.	Kawai H et al.	—	2022	→
Molecular genetics of cocaine use disorders in humans.	Fernàndez-Castillo N et al.	—	2022	→
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Nicotine Reward and Aversion.	Wills L et al.	—	2022	→
Nicotine modulation of the lateral habenula/ventral tegmental area circuit dynamics: An electrophysiological study in rats.	Pierucci M et al.	—	2022	→
Paternal nicotine taking elicits heritable sex-specific phenotypes that are mediated by hippocampal Satb2.	Maurer JJ et al.	—	2022	→
Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes.	Pan X et al.	—	2022	→
Relapse-like behavior and nAChR sensitization following intermittent access nicotine self-administration.	Tapia MA et al.	—	2022	→
Sensory Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco.	Carstens E et al.	—	2022	→
Tobacco and nicotine use.	Le Foll B et al.	—	2022	→
Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure.	Wills L et al.	—	2021	→
An optimized procedure for robust volitional cocaine intake in mice.	López AJ et al.	—	2021	→
A systems omics-based approach to decode substance use disorders and neuroadaptations.	Veerappa A et al.	—	2021	→
Bibliometric Insights in Genetic Factors of Substance-Related Disorders: Intellectual Developments, Turning Points, and Emerging Trends.	Wang K et al.	—	2021	→
Chronic sleep fragmentation enhances habenula cholinergic neural activity.	Ge F et al.	—	2021	→
Circadian Influences on the Habenula and Their Potential Contribution to Neuropsychiatric Disorders.	Young CJ et al.	—	2021	→
Concatemers to re-investigate the role of α5 in α4β2 nicotinic receptors.	Prevost MS et al.	—	2021	→
Diseases, Disorders, and Comorbidities of Interoception.	Bonaz B et al.	—	2021	→
Epigenome-wide association study of whole blood gene expression in Framingham Heart Study participants provides molecular insight into the potential role of CHRNA5 in cigarette smoking-related lung diseases.	Yao C et al.	—	2021	→
Further pharmacological characterization of a preclinical model of the early development of nicotine withdrawal.	Harris AC	—	2021	→
Genetic and Depressive Traits Moderate the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Acute Nicotine in Young Light Smokers.	Whitton AE et al.	—	2021	→
Genetic Modifiers of Oral Nicotine Consumption in <i>Chrna5</i> Null Mutant Mice.	Meyers E et al.	—	2021	→
Genome-wide association meta-analysis of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption measures in smokers of European descent.	Buchwald J et al.	—	2021	→
Habenular connections with the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and their role in stress-related psychiatric disorders.	Metzger M et al.	—	2021	→
Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes: the broad significance.	Caligiuri SPB et al.	—	2021	→
Identification of the Risk Genes Associated With Vulnerability to Addiction: Major Findings From Transgenic Animals.	Jordan CJ et al.	—	2021	→
Linking the CHRNA5 SNP to drug abuse liability: From circuitry to cellular mechanisms.	Brynildsen JK et al.	—	2021	→
Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction.	Picciotto MR et al.	—	2021	→
Multidimensional Intersection of Nicotine, Gene Expression, and Behavior.	Sherafat Y et al.	—	2021	→
Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation and self-administration in a rodent model: Sex- and nicotine delivery-specific effects on metabolism and behavior.	Lallai V et al.	—	2021	→
Nicotine inhibits the VTA-to-amygdala dopamine pathway to promote anxiety.	Nguyen C et al.	—	2021	→
Nicotine-like discriminative and aversive effects of two α4β2-selective nicotine agonists, ispronicline and metanicotine.	Winger G	—	2021	→
Nicotine preference and affective behavior of Cd81 knockout mice.	Murphy RL et al.	—	2021	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor redux: Discovery of accessories opens therapeutic vistas.	Matta JA et al.	—	2021	→
Paternal nicotine enhances fear memory, reduces nicotine administration, and alters hippocampal genetic and neural function in offspring.	Goldberg LR et al.	—	2021	→
Pharmacogenetics factors influencing smoking cessation success; the importance of nicotine metabolism.	Perez-Paramo YX et al.	—	2021	→
Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (-)-menthol exposure in mice.	Mulcahy MJ et al.	—	2021	→
Sex and heredity are determinants of drug intake in a novel model of rat oral oxycodone self-administration.	Sharp BM et al.	—	2021	→
Sex Differences in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor System of Rodents: Impacts on Nicotine and Alcohol Reward Behaviors.	Moen JK et al.	—	2021	→
Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic α-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel α3β4 nAChR antagonists.	Wang S et al.	—	2021	→
The rostromedial tegmental (RMTg) "brake" on dopamine and behavior: A decade of progress but also much unfinished work.	Jhou TC	—	2021	→
α3* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenula-Interpeduncular Nucleus Circuit Regulate Nicotine Intake.	Elayouby KS et al.	—	2021	→
Adolescent Cannabinoid and Nicotine Exposure Differentially Alters Adult Nicotine Self-Administration in Males and Females.	Dukes AJ et al.	—	2020	→
Altered habenula resting state functional connectivity in deprived veteran tobacco smokers: A pilot study.	Jennings C et al.	—	2020	→
Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex.	Wallace ML et al.	—	2020	→
Cholinergic Receptors and Addiction.	Papke RL et al.	—	2020	→
Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.	Harris AC et al.	—	2020	→
Component of nicotine-induced intracellular calcium elevation mediated through α3- and α5-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are regulated by cyclic AMP in SH-SY 5Y cells.	Takahashi T et al.	—	2020	→
Differences in mechanisms underlying reinstatement of cigarette smoke extract- and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats.	Cross SJ et al.	—	2020	→
Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches.	Harrison R et al.	—	2020	→
Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution.	Icick R et al.	—	2020	→
Midbrain circuits of novelty processing.	Tapper AR et al.	—	2020	→
Midbrain Dopamine Controls Anxiety-like Behavior by Engaging Unique Interpeduncular Nucleus Microcircuitry.	DeGroot SR et al.	—	2020	→
Modulation of "Protective" Nicotine Perception and Use Profile by Flavorants: Preliminary Findings in E-cigarettes.	DeVito EE et al.	—	2020	→
Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Nicotine Pharmacology and Dependence.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2020	→
More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder.	Moerke MJ et al.	—	2020	→
Neural circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the cholinergic regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence.	Xiao C et al.	—	2020	→
Nicotine Self-Administration Induces Plastic Changes to Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula.	Jin XT et al.	—	2020	→
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Accessory Subunits Determine the Activity Profile of Epibatidine Derivatives.	Corrie LW et al.	—	2020	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Conventional and unconventional ligands and signaling.	Papke RL et al.	—	2020	→
Nicotinic Antagonist UFR2709 Inhibits Nicotine Reward and Decreases Anxiety in Zebrafish.	Viscarra F et al.	—	2020	→
Nicotinic Receptors Underlying Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models.	Gipson CD et al.	—	2020	→
Partial and full deletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 and β2 subunits reduces sensitivity to acute nicotine administration and development of tolerance following chronic nicotine administration.	Marks MJ et al.	—	2020	→
The habenular G-protein-coupled receptor 151 regulates synaptic plasticity and nicotine intake.	Antolin-Fontes B et al.	—	2020	→
The Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Flavors on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine Addiction-Related Behaviors.	Cooper SY et al.	—	2020	→
The Interpeduncular-Ventral Hippocampus Pathway Mediates Active Stress Coping and Natural Reward.	Sherafat Y et al.	—	2020	→
The nicotinic receptor alpha5 coding polymorphism rs16969968 as a major target in disease: Functional dissection and remaining challenges.	Maskos U	—	2020	→
The Novel CYP2A6 Inhibitor, DLCI-1, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration in Mice.	Chen YC et al.	—	2020	→
The α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Differentially Modulates α4β2<sup></sup> and α3β4<sup></sup> Receptors.	Scholze P et al.	—	2020	→
Translational Molecular Approaches in Substance Abuse Research.	Fulton SL et al.	—	2020	→
T-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Burst Firing in a Subpopulation of Medial Habenula Neurons.	Vickstrom CR et al.	—	2020	→
Upregulation of nAChRs and Changes in Excitability on VTA Dopamine and GABA Neurons Correlates to Changes in Nicotine-Reward-Related Behavior.	Akers AT et al.	—	2020	→
β4-Nicotinic Receptors Are Critically Involved in Reward-Related Behaviors and Self-Regulation of Nicotine Reinforcement.	Husson M et al.	—	2020	→
β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2020	→
Assessing nicotine dependence using an oral nicotine free-choice paradigm in mice.	Bagdas D et al.	—	2019	→
Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation.	Mu P et al.	—	2019	→
Chronic Menthol Does Not Change Stoichiometry or Functional Plasma Membrane Levels of Mouse <i>α</i>3<i>β</i>4-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.	Bavan S et al.	—	2019	→
Chronic Nicotine Exposure Alters the Neurophysiology of Habenulo-Interpeduncular Circuitry.	Arvin MC et al.	—	2019	→
Clarifying the Role of the Rostral Interpeduncular Nucleus in Aversion to Nicotine.	Brynildsen JK	—	2019	→
Control of aversion by glycine-gated GluN1/GluN3A NMDA receptors in the adult medial habenula.	Otsu Y et al.	—	2019	→
Discovery of an intrasubunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-binding site for the positive allosteric modulator Br-PBTC.	Norleans J et al.	—	2019	→
Economic demand analysis of within-session dose-reduction during nicotine self-administration.	Powell GL et al.	—	2019	→
Epigenetic regulation of immediate-early gene Nr4a2/Nurr1 in the medial habenula during reinstatement of cocaine-associated behavior.	López AJ et al.	—	2019	→
From controlled to compulsive drug-taking: The role of the habenula in addiction.	Mathis V et al.	—	2019	→
Gene editing vectors for studying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cholinergic transmission.	Peng C et al.	—	2019	→
Genetic correlations between nicotine reinforcement-related behaviors and propensity toward high or low alcohol preference in two replicate mouse lines.	Weera MM et al.	—	2019	→
Genotype-by-environment interactions inferred from genetic effects on phenotypic variability in the UK Biobank	Wang H et al.	—	2019	—
Genotype-by-environment interactions inferred from genetic effects on phenotypic variability in the UK Biobank.	Wang H et al.	—	2019	→
Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder.	Flannery JS et al.	—	2019	→
Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes.	Duncan A et al.	—	2019	→
Impact of CHRNA5 polymorphisms on the risk of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.	Zhan D et al.	—	2019	→
Increased Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin U in Steamed Graviola Leaf Extract Activates Nicotine Detoxification.	Choi EH et al.	—	2019	→
Medial habenula cholinergic signaling regulates cocaine-associated relapse-like behavior.	López AJ et al.	—	2019	→
Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco.	Sharp BM et al.	—	2019	→
NF1-cAMP signaling dissociates cell type-specific contributions of striatal medium spiny neurons to reward valuation and motor control.	Sutton LP et al.	—	2019	→
Nicotine Acts on Cholinergic Signaling Mechanisms to Directly Modulate Choroid Plexus Function.	Lallai V et al.	—	2019	→
Nicotine and alcohol: the role of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in drug reinforcement.	Morel C et al.	—	2019	→
Nicotine Self-Administration as Paradigm for Medication Discovery for Smoking Cessation: Recent Findings in Medications Targeting the Cholinergic System.	Trigo JM et al.	—	2019	→
Non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol extract attenuate nicotine's aversive effects in adolescent rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2019	→
Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence.	Garcia-Rivas V et al.	—	2019	→
Optogenetic investigation of neural mechanisms for alcohol-use disorder.	Juarez B et al.	—	2019	→
PTPRD: neurobiology, genetics, and initial pharmacology of a pleiotropic contributor to brain phenotypes.	Uhl GR et al.	—	2019	→
Smoking and Increased White and Red Blood Cells.	Pedersen KM et al.	—	2019	→
The Role of the Medial Habenula Cholinergic System in Addiction and Emotion-Associated Behaviors.	Lee HW et al.	—	2019	→
The role of the nAChR subunits α5, β2, and β4 on synaptic transmission in the mouse superior cervical ganglion.	Simeone X et al.	—	2019	→
[The roles of habenula and related neural circuits in neuropsychiatric diseases].	Wu Y et al.	—	2019	→
β2* nAChRs on VTA dopamine and GABA neurons separately mediate nicotine aversion and reward.	Grieder TE et al.	—	2019	→
A Human Polymorphism in CHRNA5 Is Linked to Relapse to Nicotine Seeking in Transgenic Rats.	Forget B et al.	—	2018	→
A little rein on addiction.	Mathuru AS	—	2018	→
Altered Baseline and Nicotine-Mediated Behavioral and Cholinergic Profiles in ChAT-Cre Mouse Lines.	Chen E et al.	—	2018	→
Basic Science and Public Policy: Informed Regulation for Nicotine and Tobacco Products.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2018	→
Biochemical, demographic, and self-reported tobacco-related predictors of the acute heart rate response to nicotine in smokers.	Jensen KP et al.	—	2018	→
Chrna5-Expressing Neurons in the Interpeduncular Nucleus Mediate Aversion Primed by Prior Stimulation or Nicotine Exposure.	Morton G et al.	—	2018	→
Cocaine reward is reduced by decreased expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) and by a novel PTPRD antagonist.	Uhl GR et al.	—	2018	→
Differential regulation of neuronal excitability by nicotine and substance P in subdivisions of the medial habenula.	Lee C et al.	—	2018	→
Effects of nicotine-containing and "nicotine-free" e-cigarette refill liquids on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2018	→
Environmental, genetic and epigenetic contributions to cocaine addiction.	Pierce RC et al.	—	2018	→
Functional Principles of Posterior Septal Inputs to the Medial Habenula.	Otsu Y et al.	—	2018	→
GABAergic Neurons as Putative Neurochemical Substrate Mediating Aversive Effects of Nicotine.	Dehkordi O et al.	—	2018	→
Genetics of biologically based psychological differences.	Sallis H et al.	—	2018	→
Information processing in the vertebrate habenula.	Fore S et al.	—	2018	→
Insights Into Nicotinic Receptor Signaling in Nicotine Addiction: Implications for Prevention and Treatment.	Liu W et al.	—	2018	→
Knockout of alpha 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subunit alters ethanol-mediated behavioral effects and reward in mice.	Dawson A et al.	—	2018	→
Molecular and cellular characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus.	Calarco CA et al.	—	2018	→
Neurobiological Considerations for Tobacco Use Disorder.	Chawla M et al.	—	2018	→
New insights on the effects of varenicline on nicotine reward, withdrawal and hyperalgesia in mice.	Bagdas D et al.	—	2018	→
Nicotine aversion is mediated by GABAergic interpeduncular nucleus inputs to laterodorsal tegmentum.	Wolfman SL et al.	—	2018	→
Optical probing of acetylcholine receptors on neurons in the medial habenula with a novel caged nicotine drug analogue.	Passlick S et al.	—	2018	→
Orthosteric and allosteric potentiation of heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Wang J et al.	—	2018	→
Pathways to precision medicine in smoking cessation treatments.	Chen LS et al.	—	2018	→
Propylene glycol, a major electronic cigarette constituent, attenuates the adverse effects of high-dose nicotine as measured by intracranial self-stimulation in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2018	→
Response dynamics of midbrain dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons to heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA.	Wei C et al.	—	2018	→
Social and anxiety-like behaviors contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats.	Wang T et al.	—	2018	→
Status and Future Directions of Preclinical Behavioral Pharmacology in Tobacco Regulatory Science.	LeSage MG et al.	—	2018	→
Systemic and Intra-Habenular Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR139 Decreases Compulsive-Like Alcohol Drinking and Hyperalgesia in Alcohol-Dependent Rats.	Kononoff J et al.	—	2018	→
The interaction of the Chrna5 D398N variant with developmental nicotine exposure.	O'Neill HC et al.	—	2018	→
The role of nicotinic receptor genes (CHRN) in the pathways of prenatal tobacco exposure on smoking behavior among young adult light smokers.	Selya AS et al.	—	2018	→
The role of nonmuscle myosin II in polydrug memories and memory reconsolidation.	Briggs SB et al.	—	2018	→
Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Habenula Highlights Drug Metabolism and the Neuroimmune System.	Le Foll B et al.	—	2018	→
Understanding the implications of the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction and its impact on the efficacy of treatment.	Bozinoff N et al.	—	2018	→
α5 nAChR modulation of the prefrontal cortex makes attention resilient.	Howe WM et al.	—	2018	→
A circuit-based mechanism underlying familiarity signaling and the preference for novelty.	Molas S et al.	—	2017	→
Afferent and efferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus with special reference to circuits involving the habenula and raphe nuclei.	Lima LB et al.	—	2017	→
Altered nicotine reward-associated behavior following α4 nAChR subunit deletion in ventral midbrain.	Peng C et al.	—	2017	→
Anxiety and Nicotine Dependence: Emerging Role of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Axis.	Molas S et al.	—	2017	→
Characterization of a thalamic nucleus mediating habenula responses to changes in ambient illumination.	Cheng RK et al.	—	2017	→
Chronic FAAH inhibition during nicotine abstinence alters habenular CB1 receptor activity and precipitates depressive-like behaviors.	Simonnet A et al.	—	2017	→
Classification Tree Analysis as a Method for Uncovering Relations Between CHRNA5A3B4 and CHRNB3A6 in Predicting Smoking Progression in Adolescent Smokers.	Pugach O et al.	—	2017	→
Convergence of signaling pathways underlying habenular formation and axonal outgrowth in zebrafish.	Roberson S et al.	—	2017	→
Deletion of α5 nicotine receptor subunits abolishes nicotinic aversive motivational effects in a manner that phenocopies dopamine receptor antagonism.	Grieder TE et al.	—	2017	→
Differential effects of pair housing on voluntary nicotine consumption: a comparison between male and female adolescent rats.	Lee H et al.	—	2017	→
Dorsal-CA1 Hippocampal Neuronal Ensembles Encode Nicotine-Reward Contextual Associations.	Xia L et al.	—	2017	→
Getting a Handle on Neuropharmacology by Targeting Receptor-Associated Proteins.	Maher MP et al.	—	2017	→
GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake.	Tuesta LM et al.	—	2017	→
Highly Selective and Potent α4β2 nAChR Antagonist Inhibits Nicotine Self-Administration and Reinstatement in Rats.	Wu J et al.	—	2017	→
Human polymorphisms in nicotinic receptors: a functional analysis in iPS-derived dopaminergic neurons.	Deflorio C et al.	—	2017	→
Increased habenular connectivity in opioid users is associated with an α5 subunit nicotinic receptor genetic variant.	Curtis K et al.	—	2017	→
Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction.	George O et al.	—	2017	→
Isoform-specific mechanisms of α3β4*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by the prototoxin lynx1.	George AA et al.	—	2017	→
Learning From One's Mistakes: A Dual Role for the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus in the Encoding and Expression of Punished Reward Seeking.	Vento PJ et al.	—	2017	→
Lung cancer, genetic predisposition and smoking: the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer.	Hjelmborg J et al.	—	2017	→
Monosynaptic retrograde tracing of neurons expressing the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr151 in the mouse brain.	Broms J et al.	—	2017	→
Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction.	Kwako LE et al.	—	2017	→
[Optically dissecting brain nicotinic receptor function with photo-controllable designer receptors].	Durand-de Cuttoli R et al.	—	2017	→
Oxytocin attenuates aversive response to nicotine and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent rats.	Lee H et al.	—	2017	→
Paternal nicotine exposure alters hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in offspring.	Vallaster MP et al.	—	2017	→
Pharmacogenetic Optimization of Smoking Cessation Treatment.	Chenoweth MJ et al.	—	2017	→
Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers.	Schuit E et al.	—	2017	→
Retrograde inhibition by a specific subset of interpeduncular α5 nicotinic neurons regulates nicotine preference.	Ables JL et al.	—	2017	→
Similar precipitated withdrawal effects on intracranial self-stimulation during chronic infusion of an e-cigarette liquid or nicotine alone.	Harris AC et al.	—	2017	→
Social learning promotes nicotine self-administration by facilitating the extinction of conditioned aversion in isogenic strains of rats.	Han W et al.	—	2017	→
Targeted sequencing of chromosome 15q25 identified novel variants associated with risk of lung cancer and smoking behavior in Chinese.	Cheng Y et al.	—	2017	→
TC299423, a Novel Agonist for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.	Wall TR et al.	—	2017	→
The Distribution of Charged Amino Acid Residues and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Permeability of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: A Predictive Model.	Fucile S	—	2017	→
The habenula in psychiatric disorders: More than three decades of translational investigation.	Fakhoury M	—	2017	→
The medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus circuitry is critical in addiction, anxiety, and mood regulation.	McLaughlin I et al.	—	2017	→
The role of the habenula in the transition from reward to misery in substance use and mood disorders.	Batalla A et al.	—	2017	→
Abuse liability assessment of an e-cigarette refill liquid using intracranial self-stimulation and self-administration models in rats.	LeSage MG et al.	—	2016	→
A key role for the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in modulating nicotine taking in a model of nicotine and alcohol co-administration.	Cippitelli A et al.	—	2016	→
Alterations in alpha5* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors result in midbrain- and hippocampus-dependent behavioural and neural impairments.	Besson M et al.	—	2016	→
A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stimulant and Opioid Use Disorders.	Jensen KP	—	2016	→
Associations of rare nicotinic cholinergic receptor gene variants to nicotine and alcohol dependence.	Zuo L et al.	—	2016	→
Comparison of effects produced by nicotine and the α4β2-selective agonist 5-I-A-85380 on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.	Freitas K et al.	—	2016	→
Contribution of Variants in CHRNA5/A3/B4 Gene Cluster on Chromosome 15 to Tobacco Smoking: From Genetic Association to Mechanism.	Wen L et al.	—	2016	→
Different Hypothalamic Nicotinic α7 Receptor Expression and Response to Low Nicotine Dose in Alcohol-Preferring and Alcohol-Avoiding Rats.	Nuutinen S et al.	—	2016	→
Gene by Environment Investigation of Incident Lung Cancer Risk in African-Americans.	David SP et al.	—	2016	→
G = E: What GWAS Can Tell Us about the Environment.	Gage SH et al.	—	2016	→
GLP-1 influences food and drug reward.	Hayes MR et al.	—	2016	→
Habenula cholinergic neurons regulate anxiety during nicotine withdrawal via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Pang X et al.	—	2016	→
How can we Improve on Modeling Nicotine Addiction to Develop Better Smoking Cessation Treatments?	Shoaib M et al.	—	2016	→
How Intravenous Nicotine Administration in Smokers Can Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science.	Jensen KP et al.	—	2016	→
Instant Integrated Ultradeep Quantitative-structural Membrane Proteomics Discovered Post-translational Modification Signatures for Human Cys-loop Receptor Subunit Bias.	Zhang X	—	2016	→
Intravenous Nicotine Self-Administration in Smokers: Dose-Response Function and Sex Differences.	Jensen KP et al.	—	2016	→
Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Data Hold New Promise for Addiction Genetics.	Agrawal A et al.	—	2016	→
Multiple Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes in the Mouse Amygdala Regulate Affective Behaviors and Response to Social Stress.	Mineur YS et al.	—	2016	→
Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis.	Koob GF et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotine regulates activity of lateral habenula neurons via presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.	Zuo W et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotine self-administration research: the legacy of Steven R. Goldberg and implications for regulation, health policy, and research.	Henningfield JE et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor mRNA expression in male and female rats with high or low preference for nicotine.	Gozen O et al.	—	2016	→
Optogenetic activation of septal GABAergic afferents entrains neuronal firing in the medial habenula.	Choi K et al.	—	2016	→
Presynaptic Excitation via GABAB Receptors in Habenula Cholinergic Neurons Regulates Fear Memory Expression.	Zhang J et al.	—	2016	→
Replicated Risk Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Genes for Nicotine Dependence.	Zuo L et al.	—	2016	→
Role of β4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Pathway in Nicotine Reinforcement in Mice.	Harrington L et al.	—	2016	→
The CHRNA5-A3-B4 Gene Cluster and Smoking: From Discovery to Therapeutics.	Lassi G et al.	—	2016	→
The habenula.	Namboodiri VM et al.	—	2016	→
The prototoxin LYPD6B modulates heteromeric α3β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but not α7 homomers.	Ochoa V et al.	—	2016	→
To quit or not: Vulnerability of women to smoking tobacco.	Park SJ et al.	—	2016	→
Unorthodox Acetylcholine Binding Sites Formed by α5 and β3 Accessory Subunits in α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.	Jain A et al.	—	2016	→
What does addiction medicine expect from neuroscience? From genes and neurons to treatment responses.	Le Foll B	—	2016	→
Whole exome sequencing of Rett syndrome-like patients reveals the mutational diversity of the clinical phenotype.	Lucariello M et al.	—	2016	→
A CHRNA5 Smoking Risk Variant Decreases the Aversive Effects of Nicotine in Humans.	Jensen KP et al.	—	2015	→
A critical assessment of the scientific basis, and implementation, of regulations for the safety assessment and marketing of innovative tobacco-related products.	Combes RD et al.	—	2015	→
Acute nicotine induces anxiety and disrupts temporal pattern organization of rat exploratory behavior in hole-board: a potential role for the lateral habenula.	Casarrubea M et al.	—	2015	→
A multiancestry study identifies novel genetic associations with CHRNA5 methylation in human brain and risk of nicotine dependence.	Hancock DB et al.	—	2015	→
An essential role of acetylcholine-glutamate synergy at habenular synapses in nicotine dependence.	Frahm S et al.	—	2015	→
Animal models to assess the abuse liability of tobacco products: effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on intracranial self-stimulation.	Harris AC et al.	—	2015	→
A Novel α2/α4 Subtype-selective Positive Allosteric Modulator of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Acting from the C-tail of an α Subunit.	Wang J et al.	—	2015	→
Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications.	Duboc V et al.	—	2015	→
AT-1001: a high-affinity α3β4 nAChR ligand with novel nicotine-suppressive pharmacology.	Cippitelli A et al.	—	2015	→
Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function.	Soreq H	—	2015	→
CHRNA5 rs16969968 Polymorphism Association with Risk of Lung Cancer--Evidence from 17,962 Lung Cancer Cases and 77,216 Control Subjects.	Xu ZW et al.	—	2015	→
Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.	Ozburn AR et al.	—	2015	→
Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research.	Bühler KM et al.	—	2015	→
Conserved expression of the GPR151 receptor in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates.	Broms J et al.	—	2015	→
Crucial role of nicotinic α5 subunit variants for Ca2+ fluxes in ventral midbrain neurons.	Sciaccaluga M et al.	—	2015	→
Differential expression of the beta4 neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit affects tolerance development and nicotinic binding sites following chronic nicotine treatment.	Meyers EE et al.	—	2015	→
Diversity of native nicotinic receptor subtypes in mammalian brain.	Zoli M et al.	—	2015	→
Effect of genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor genes on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.	Kimbrel NA et al.	—	2015	→
Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium.	Linneberg A et al.	—	2015	→
Effects of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids on intracranial-self-stimulation in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2015	→
Emerging Role of the Cerebrospinal Fluid - Neuronal Interface in Neuropathology.	Ochoa V et al.	—	2015	→
Functional characterization of AT-1001, an α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand, at human α3β4 and α4β2 nAChR.	Zaveri NT et al.	—	2015	→
Gene expression changes during retinal development and rod specification.	Mansergh FC et al.	—	2015	→
Genetic influences on nicotinic α5 receptor (CHRNA5) CpG methylation and mRNA expression in brain and adipose tissue.	Ramsay JE et al.	—	2015	→
Genetics of smoking behaviour.	Ware JJ et al.	—	2015	→
Genetic variation (CHRNA5), medication (combination nicotine replacement therapy vs. varenicline), and smoking cessation.	Chen LS et al.	—	2015	→
Increased CRF signalling in a ventral tegmental area-interpeduncular nucleus-medial habenula circuit induces anxiety during nicotine withdrawal.	Zhao-Shea R et al.	—	2015	→
Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse.	Korpi ER et al.	—	2015	→
mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens is critical for promoting resilience to chronic stress.	Shin S et al.	—	2015	→
Natural genetic variability of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes in mice: Consequences and confounds.	Wilking JA et al.	—	2015	→
Negative affective states and cognitive impairments in nicotine dependence.	Hall FS et al.	—	2015	→
Neurobiological Bases of Cue- and Nicotine-induced Reinstatement of Nicotine Seeking: Implications for the Development of Smoking Cessation Medications.	Stoker AK et al.	—	2015	→
Neuronal circuitry underlying the impact of D3 receptor ligands in drug addiction.	Le Foll B et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotine and the adolescent brain.	Yuan M et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotine Dependence Reveals Distinct Responses from Neurons and Their Resident Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula.	Shih PY et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotine withdrawal.	McLaughlin I et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic system: focus on nicotine effects.	Pistillo F et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic Mechanisms Modulate Ethanol Withdrawal and Modify Time Course and Symptoms Severity of Simultaneous Withdrawal from Alcohol and Nicotine.	Perez E et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic receptor contributions to smoking: insights from human studies and animal models.	Brunzell DH et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic receptors in non-human primates: Analysis of genetic and functional conservation with humans.	Shorey-Kendrick LE et al.	—	2015	→
Pathways and networks-based analysis of candidate genes associated with nicotine addiction.	Liu M et al.	—	2015	→
Psychiatric disorders as vulnerability factors for nicotine addiction: what have we learned from animal models?	Le Foll B et al.	—	2015	→
Repeated nicotine exposure in adolescent rats: Reduction of medial habenular activity and augmentation of nicotine preference.	Lee H et al.	—	2015	→
Risky Business: Pathways to Progress in Biologically Informed Studies of Psychopathology.	Agrawal A et al.	—	2015	→
Role of α5-containing nicotinic receptors in neuropathic pain and response to nicotine.	Xanthos DN et al.	—	2015	→
The association of rs1051730 genotype on adherence to and consumption of prescribed nicotine replacement therapy dose during a smoking cessation attempt.	Ware JJ et al.	—	2015	→
The contribution of rare and common variants in 30 genes to risk nicotine dependence.	Yang J et al.	—	2015	→
The habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in nicotine aversion and withdrawal.	Antolin-Fontes B et al.	—	2015	→
The role of alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mouse models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.	Bagdas D et al.	—	2015	→
α2-Null mutant mice have altered levels of neuronal activity in restricted midbrain and limbic brain regions during nicotine withdrawal as demonstrated by cfos expression.	Upton M et al.	—	2015	→
Abstinence from cocaine and sucrose self-administration reveals altered mesocorticolimbic circuit connectivity by resting state MRI.	Lu H et al.	—	2014	→
Acute nicotine administration increases BOLD fMRI signal in brain regions involved in reward signaling and compulsive drug intake in rats.	Bruijnzeel AW et al.	—	2014	→
Addiction science: Uncovering neurobiological complexity.	Volkow ND et al.	—	2014	→
A glimpse into the future - Personalized medicine for smoking cessation.	Bierut LJ et al.	—	2014	→
A recall-by-genotype study of CHRNA5-A3-B4 genotype, cotinine and smoking topography: study protocol.	Ware JJ et al.	—	2014	→
A simple method for 3D analysis of immunolabeled axonal tracts in a transparent nervous system.	Belle M et al.	—	2014	→
Assessing the utility of intermediate phenotypes for genetic mapping of psychiatric disease.	Flint J et al.	—	2014	→
Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 SNP rs2036527 with smoking cessation therapy response in African-American smokers.	Zhu AZ et al.	—	2014	→
Beyond cigarettes per day. A genome-wide association study of the biomarker carbon monoxide.	Bloom AJ et al.	—	2014	→
Cocaine reduces cytochrome oxidase activity in the prefrontal cortex and modifies its functional connectivity with brainstem nuclei.	Vélez-Hernández ME et al.	—	2014	→
Commentary on Chen et al. (2014): another step on the road to clinical utility of pharmacogenetics for smoking cessation?	David SP	—	2014	→
Conotoxins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: an overview.	Lebbe EK et al.	—	2014	→
COPI polices nicotine-mediated up-regulation of nicotinic receptors.	Anand R	—	2014	→
Curious cases: Altered dose-response relationships in addiction genetics.	Uhl GR et al.	—	2014	→
Daily variation in the electrophysiological activity of mouse medial habenula neurones.	Sakhi K et al.	—	2014	→
Dbx1b defines the dorsal habenular progenitor domain in the zebrafish epithalamus.	Dean BJ et al.	—	2014	→
Determining the causes and consequences of nicotine dependence: emerging genetic research methods.	Ware JJ et al.	—	2014	→
Differential expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in subdivisions of medial habenula.	Shih PY et al.	—	2014	→
Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuates nicotine self-administration and reinstatement of nicotine seeking in rats.	Kimmey BA et al.	—	2014	→
Dopamine D3 receptors in the basolateral amygdala and the lateral habenula modulate cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.	Khaled MA et al.	—	2014	→
Effect of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes (CHRN) on longitudinal cigarettes per day in adolescents and young adults.	Cannon DS et al.	—	2014	→
Effects of oxytocin on nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Manbeck KE et al.	—	2014	→
Emerging role of CaMKII in neuropsychiatric disease.	Robison AJ	—	2014	→
Finding genomic function for genetic associations in nicotine addiction research: the ENCODE project's role in future pharmacogenomic analysis.	Vandenbergh DJ et al.	—	2014	→
Functional characterization improves associations between rare non-synonymous variants in CHRNB4 and smoking behavior.	Haller G et al.	—	2014	→
Genetics and smoking.	Loukola A et al.	—	2014	→
Genome-wide association study on detailed profiles of smoking behavior and nicotine dependence in a twin sample.	Loukola A et al.	—	2014	→
Habenular expression of rare missense variants of the β4 nicotinic receptor subunit alters nicotine consumption.	Slimak MA et al.	—	2014	→
Hippocampal changes produced by overexpression of the human CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster may underlie cognitive deficits rescued by nicotine in transgenic mice.	Molas S et al.	—	2014	→
Hypocretin (orexin) facilitates reward by attenuating the antireward effects of its cotransmitter dynorphin in ventral tegmental area.	Muschamp JW et al.	—	2014	→
Identification of CHRNA5 rare variants in African-American heavy smokers.	Doyle GA et al.	—	2014	→
Intracranial self-stimulation to evaluate abuse potential of drugs.	Negus SS et al.	—	2014	→
Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants.	Wang S et al.	—	2014	→
Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium.	Taylor AE et al.	—	2014	→
Lesions of the lateral habenula increase voluntary ethanol consumption and operant self-administration, block yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking, and attenuate ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.	Haack AK et al.	—	2014	→
Menthol facilitates the intravenous self-administration of nicotine in rats.	Wang T et al.	—	2014	→
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many faces of smoking.	Picciotto MR et al.	—	2014	→
Neurobiology of pain, interoception and emotional response: lessons from nerve growth factor-dependent neurons.	Indo Y	—	2014	→
Nicotine aversion: Neurobiological mechanisms and relevance to tobacco dependence vulnerability.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2014	→
Nicotine consumption is regulated by a human polymorphism in dopamine neurons.	Morel C et al.	—	2014	→
Nicotine enhances excitability of medial habenular neurons via facilitation of neurokinin signaling.	Dao DQ et al.	—	2014	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors control acetylcholine and noradrenaline release in the rodent habenulo-interpeduncular complex.	Beiranvand F et al.	—	2014	→
Probing the non-canonical interface for agonist interaction with an α5 containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Marotta CB et al.	—	2014	→
Rats are the smart choice: Rationale for a renewed focus on rats in behavioral genetics.	Parker CC et al.	—	2014	→
Re-defininG AddiC(CH3)Tion: genomics and epigenomics on substance use disorders.	Rutter JL et al.	—	2014	→
Reward processing by the lateral habenula in normal and depressive behaviors.	Proulx CD et al.	—	2014	→
Stratification by smoking status reveals an association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 genotype with body mass index in never smokers.	Taylor AE et al.	—	2014	→
Stratified medicine for mental disorders.	Schumann G et al.	—	2014	→
Synthesis and activity of substituted heteroaromatics as positive allosteric modulators for α4β2α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Jin Z et al.	—	2014	→
The Genetics, Neurogenetics and Pharmacogenetics of Addiction.	Demers CH et al.	—	2014	→
The right dorsal habenula limits attraction to an odor in zebrafish.	Krishnan S et al.	—	2014	→
The role of the habenula in drug addiction.	Velasquez KM et al.	—	2014	→
Varenicline and cytisine diminish the dysphoric-like state associated with spontaneous nicotine withdrawal in rats.	Igari M et al.	—	2014	→
Variation in the α 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene predicts cigarette smoking intensity as a function of nicotine content.	Macqueen DA et al.	—	2014	→
ACR-12 ionotropic acetylcholine receptor complexes regulate inhibitory motor neuron activity in Caenorhabditis elegans.	Petrash HA et al.	—	2013	→
Activation of GABAergic neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus triggers physical nicotine withdrawal symptoms.	Zhao-Shea R et al.	—	2013	→
Acute activation, desensitization and smoldering activation of human acetylcholine receptors.	Campling BG et al.	—	2013	→
Alternative CHRNB4 3'-UTRs mediate the allelic effects of SNP rs1948 on gene expression.	Gallego X et al.	—	2013	→
Animal models of nicotine exposure: relevance to second-hand smoking, electronic cigarette use, and compulsive smoking.	Cohen A et al.	—	2013	→
Behavioral and molecular analysis of nicotine-conditioned place preference in zebrafish.	Kedikian X et al.	—	2013	→
Bidirectional influences between parents and children in smoking behavior: a longitudinal full-family model.	Schuck K et al.	—	2013	→
Characterization of a novel α-conotoxin TxID from Conus textile that potently blocks rat α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Luo S et al.	—	2013	→
Cholinergic left-right asymmetry in the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway.	Hong E et al.	—	2013	→
CHRNA5-A3-B4 genetic variants alter nicotine intake and interact with tobacco use to influence body weight in Alaska Native tobacco users.	Zhu AZ et al.	—	2013	→
Confidence and precision increase with high statistical power.	Button KS et al.	—	2013	→
Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking.	Stephens SH et al.	—	2013	→
Genetic dissection of medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway function in mice.	Kobayashi Y et al.	—	2013	→
Genetic matters: thirty years of progress using mouse models in nicotinic research.	Marks MJ	—	2013	→
Genetics. Herit-ability.	Flint J et al.	—	2013	→
Interaction between polygenic risk for cigarette use and environmental exposures in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2013	→
Medial habenula output circuit mediated by α5 nicotinic receptor-expressing GABAergic neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus.	Hsu YW et al.	—	2013	→
Mesolimbic dopamine and habenulo-interpeduncular pathways in nicotine withdrawal.	Dani JA et al.	—	2013	→
Molecular mechanisms underlying behaviors related to nicotine addiction.	Picciotto MR et al.	—	2013	→
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence.	Hendrickson LM et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotine-morphine interactions at α4β2, α7 and α3(⁎) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Talka R et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the α6 subunit contribute to ethanol activation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons.	Liu L et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors controlling attention: behavior, circuits and sensitivity to disruption by nicotine.	Poorthuis RB et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate lung cancer growth.	Improgo MR et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variation and response to smoking cessation therapies.	Bergen AW et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic receptors in addiction pathways.	Leslie FM et al.	—	2013	→
Obesity and addiction: neurobiological overlaps.	Volkow ND et al.	—	2013	→
Pain and suicidality: insights from reward and addiction neuroscience.	Elman I et al.	—	2013	→
Rapid smoking may not be aversive in schizophrenia.	Williams JM et al.	—	2013	→
Reexposure to nicotine during withdrawal increases the pacemaking activity of cholinergic habenular neurons.	Görlich A et al.	—	2013	→
Role of α5* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on brain reward function in mice.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2013	→
Scaffold ranking and positional scanning utilized in the discovery of nAChR-selective compounds suitable for optimization studies.	Wu J et al.	—	2013	→
Scrutiny of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 smoking behavior locus reveals a novel association with alcohol use in a Finnish population based study.	Hällfors J et al.	—	2013	→
Similar activity of mecamylamine stereoisomers in vitro and in vivo.	Papke RL et al.	—	2013	→
Targeted deletion of the mouse α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (Chrna2) potentiates nicotine-modulated behaviors.	Lotfipour S et al.	—	2013	→
The medial habenula as a regulator of anxiety in adult zebrafish.	Mathuru AS et al.	—	2013	→
The medial habenula: still neglected.	Viswanath H et al.	—	2013	→
The α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype mediates nicotine reward and physical nicotine withdrawal signs independently of the α5 subunit in the mouse.	Jackson KJ et al.	—	2013	→
The α5 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit plays an important role in the sedative effects of ethanol but does not modulate consumption in mice.	Santos N et al.	—	2013	→
The α5 subunit regulates the expression and function of α4*-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral-tegmental area.	Chatterjee S et al.	—	2013	→
Unraveling the neurobiology of nicotine dependence using genetically engineered mice.	Stoker AK et al.	—	2013	→
Using Mendelian randomisation to infer causality in depression and anxiety research.	Gage SH et al.	—	2013	→
α4α6β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is sufficient to stimulate a depolarizing conductance and enhance surface AMPA receptor function.	Engle SE et al.	—	2013	→
Acetylcholine as a neuromodulator: cholinergic signaling shapes nervous system function and behavior.	Picciotto MR et al.	—	2012	→
Adolescent rats are resistant to adaptations in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms that modulate mesolimbic dopamine during nicotine withdrawal.	Natividad LA et al.	—	2012	→
Adult mice voluntarily progress to nicotine dependence in an oral self-selection assay.	Locklear LL et al.	—	2012	→
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate motivation to self-administer nicotine: implications for smoking and schizophrenia.	Brunzell DH et al.	—	2012	→
Analysis of detailed phenotype profiles reveals CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster association with several nicotine dependence traits.	Broms U et al.	—	2012	→
Association between CHRNA5 genetic variation at rs16969968 and brain reactivity to smoking images in nicotine dependent women.	Janes AC et al.	—	2012	→
AT-1001: a high affinity and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist blocks nicotine self-administration in rats.	Toll L et al.	—	2012	→
Childhood adversity increases risk for nicotine dependence and interacts with α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genotype specifically in males.	Xie P et al.	—	2012	→
Cocaine and nicotine research illustrates a range of hypocretin mechanisms in addiction.	Baimel C et al.	—	2012	→
Delivery of nicotine in an extract of a smokeless tobacco product reduces its reinforcement-attenuating and discriminative stimulus effects in rats.	Harris AC et al.	—	2012	→
Development of novel pharmacotherapeutics for tobacco dependence: progress and future directions.	Harmey D et al.	—	2012	→
Food and drug reward: overlapping circuits in human obesity and addiction.	Volkow ND et al.	—	2012	→
From men to mice: CHRNA5/CHRNA3, smoking behavior and disease.	Ware JJ et al.	—	2012	→
Function of human α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is reduced by the α5(D398N) variant.	George AA et al.	—	2012	→
Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and positive allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, attenuates nicotine taking and seeking in rats.	Hopkins TJ et al.	—	2012	→
Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications.	Sullivan PF et al.	—	2012	→
Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.	David SP et al.	—	2012	→
Habenular signaling in nicotine reinforcement.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2012	→
Hypocretin-1 receptors regulate the reinforcing and reward-enhancing effects of cocaine: pharmacological and behavioral genetics evidence.	Hollander JA et al.	—	2012	→
Impact of human D398N single nucleotide polymorphism on intracellular calcium response mediated by α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Tammimäki A et al.	—	2012	→
Insights into the neurobiology of the nicotinic cholinergic system and nicotine addiction from mice expressing nicotinic receptors harboring gain-of-function mutations.	Drenan RM et al.	—	2012	→
Lesions of the lateral habenula dissociate the reward-enhancing and locomotor-stimulant effects of amphetamine.	Gifuni AJ et al.	—	2012	→
Mapping pain activation and connectivity of the human habenula.	Shelton L et al.	—	2012	→
Mouse models for studying genetic influences on factors determining smoking cessation success in humans.	Hall FS et al.	—	2012	→
Natriuretic peptides block synaptic transmission by activating phosphodiesterase 2A and reducing presynaptic PKA activity.	Hu F et al.	—	2012	→
Nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking in C57Bl/6J mice without prior operant training or food restriction.	Yan Y et al.	—	2012	→
Optimizing cholinergic tone through lynx modulators of nicotinic receptors: implications for plasticity and nicotine addiction.	Miwa JM et al.	—	2012	→
Overexpression of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 genomic cluster in mice increases the sensitivity to nicotine and modifies its reinforcing effects.	Gallego X et al.	—	2012	→
Overexpression of α3/α5/β4 nicotinic receptor subunits modifies impulsive-like behavior.	Viñals X et al.	—	2012	→
Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation: role of nicotine target and metabolism genes.	Gold AB et al.	—	2012	→
Phasic D1 and tonic D2 dopamine receptor signaling double dissociate the motivational effects of acute nicotine and chronic nicotine withdrawal.	Grieder TE et al.	—	2012	→
Positive and negative effects of alcohol and nicotine and their interactions: a mechanistic review.	Hurley LL et al.	—	2012	→
Rare missense variants in CHRNB4 are associated with reduced risk of nicotine dependence.	Haller G et al.	—	2012	→
Role of α7- and β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the affective and somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal: studies in knockout mice.	Stoker AK et al.	—	2012	→
Smoking cessation pharmacogenetics: analysis of varenicline and bupropion in placebo-controlled clinical trials.	King DP et al.	—	2012	→
Spectral confocal imaging of fluorescently tagged nicotinic receptors in knock-in mice with chronic nicotine administration.	Renda A et al.	—	2012	→
Striatal α5 nicotinic receptor subunit regulates dopamine transmission in dorsal striatum.	Exley R et al.	—	2012	→
Subunit composition of α5-containing nicotinic receptors in the rodent habenula.	Scholze P et al.	—	2012	→
The CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster in nicotine addiction.	Berrettini WH et al.	—	2012	→
The drive to eat: comparisons and distinctions between mechanisms of food reward and drug addiction.	DiLeone RJ et al.	—	2012	→
The genetics of addiction-a translational perspective.	Agrawal A et al.	—	2012	→
The reinforcement threshold for nicotine as a target for tobacco control.	Sofuoglu M et al.	—	2012	→
The science of making drug-addicted animals.	Ahmed SH	—	2012	→
The α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist ispronicline induces c-Fos expression in selective regions of the rat forebrain.	Jacobsen J et al.	—	2012	→
Transgenic over expression of nicotinic receptor alpha 5, alpha 3, and beta 4 subunit genes reduces ethanol intake in mice.	Gallego X et al.	—	2012	→
Translational genetic approaches to substance use disorders: bridging the gap between mice and humans.	Palmer AA et al.	—	2012	→
Twins and the mystery of missing heritability: the contribution of gene-environment interactions.	Kaprio J	—	2012	→
Unmasking the mysteries of the habenula in pain and analgesia.	Shelton L et al.	—	2012	→
Use of an α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit concatamer to characterize ganglionic receptor subtypes with specific subunit composition reveals species-specific pharmacologic properties.	Stokes C et al.	—	2012	→
Utility of genetically modified mice for understanding the neurobiology of substance use disorders.	Fowler CD et al.	—	2012	→
α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the medial habenula modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic response to acute nicotine in vivo.	McCallum SE et al.	—	2012	→
An autoradiographic survey of mouse brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors defined by null mutants.	Baddick CG et al.	—	2011	→
Aversion to nicotine is regulated by the balanced activity of β4 and α5 nicotinic receptor subunits in the medial habenula.	Frahm S et al.	—	2011	→
Brain regions mediating α3β4 nicotinic antagonist effects of 18-MC on nicotine self-administration.	Glick SD et al.	—	2011	→
Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence.	Bierut LJ	—	2011	→
Historical and current perspective on tobacco use and nicotine addiction.	Dani JA et al.	—	2011	→
If the data contradict the theory, throw out the data: Nicotine addiction in the 2010 report of the Surgeon General.	Frenk H et al.	—	2011	→
In vitro and ex vivo analysis of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 haplotype expression.	Doyle GA et al.	—	2011	→
Linkage analyses of stimulant dependence, craving, and heavy use in American Indians.	Ehlers CL et al.	—	2011	→
Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal.	Paolini M et al.	—	2011	→
Neural systems governed by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: emerging hypotheses.	Miwa JM et al.	—	2011	→
Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments.	D'Souza MS et al.	—	2011	→
Phylogeny and ontogeny of the habenular structure.	Aizawa H et al.	—	2011	→
Propensity to 'relapse' following exposure to cocaine cues is associated with the recruitment of specific thalamic and epithalamic nuclei.	James MH et al.	—	2011	→
Recent advances in gene manipulation and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor biology.	Tammimäki A et al.	—	2011	→
Recent advances in understanding nicotinic receptor signaling mechanisms that regulate drug self-administration behavior.	Tuesta LM et al.	—	2011	→
Reward, addiction, withdrawal to nicotine.	De Biasi M et al.	—	2011	→
The necessity of α4* nicotinic receptors in nicotine-driven behaviors: dissociation between reinforcing and motor effects of nicotine.	Cahir E et al.	—	2011	→
The Role of the Habenula in Nicotine Addiction.	Baldwin PR et al.	—	2011	→