Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness - United States, 2009-2011.
- Authors
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
- PMID
- 23388551
- PMCID
- PMC4604817
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite overall declines in cigarette smoking, a high prevalence of smoking persists among certain subpopulations, including persons with mental illness. METHODS: Combined data from the 2009-2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to calculate national and state estimates of cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years who had any mental illness (AMI), defined as having a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, excluding developmental and substance use disorders, in the past 12 months. RESULTS: During 2009-2011, an annual average of 19.9% of adults aged ≥18 years had AMI; among these persons, 36.1% were current smokers, compared with 21.4 % among adults with no mental illness. Smoking prevalence among those with AMI was highest among men, adults aged <45 years, and those living below the poverty level; smoking prevalence was lowest among college graduates. During 2009-2011, adults with AMI smoked 30.9% of all cigarettes smoked by adults. By U.S. region, smoking prevalence among those with AMI was lowest in the West (31.5%) and Northeast (34.7%) and highest in the Midwest (39.1%) and South (37.8%), with state prevalence ranging from 18.2% (Utah) to 48.7% (West Virginia). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking is high among adults with AMI, especially for younger adults, those with low levels of education, and those living below the poverty level; the prevalence varies by U.S. region. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Increased awareness about the high prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons with mental illness is needed to enhance efforts to reduce smoking in this population. Proven population-based prevention strategies should be extended to persons with mental illness, including implementing tobacco-free campus policies in mental health facilities. Primary care and mental health-care providers should routinely screen patients for tobacco use and offer evidence-based cessation treatments. Given that persons with mental illness are at risk for multiple adverse behavioral and health outcomes, tobacco cessation will have substantial benefits, including a reduction in excess morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco use.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| adolescents | cohort |
| adult respondents local | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| Adults ≥25 years with AMI local | cohort |
| Adults at or above the federal poverty level local | cohort |
| Adults living below the federal poverty level local | cohort |
| Adults with AMI local | cohort |
| Adults with mental illness local | cohort |
| Adults without AMI local | cohort |
| Adverse reproductive outcomes local | phenotype |
| Age 18–24 years local | cohort |
| Age 25–44 years local | cohort |
| Age 45–64 years local | cohort |
| Age ≥65 years local | cohort |
| American Indians/Alaska Natives local | cohort |
| Asian | cohort |
| Asian subgroups local | cohort |
| behavioral disorders | phenotype |
| cancer | phenotype |
| cardiovascular disease | phenotype |
| Chronic health conditions | phenotype |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| college graduates | phenotype |
| cotinine | drug |
| current smoking | phenotype |
| daily smoking | phenotype |
| DD | phenotype |
| death | phenotype |
| depressed affect local | phenotype |
| depressive symptoms | phenotype |
| disability | phenotype |
| DSM-IV disorders local | phenotype |
| emotional disorder local | phenotype |
| ever smoking | phenotype |
| Healthy People 2020 local | cohort |
| Kessler-6 local | phenotype |
| Medicaid enrollees local | cohort |
| men | cohort |
| Mental health–care providers local | cohort |
| Mental health facilities local | cohort |
| mental health indicators local | phenotype |
| Mental health medications local | drug |
| Midwest local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| myocardial infarction | phenotype |
| National Health Interview Survey | cohort |
| National Survey on Drug Use and Health | cohort |
| negative mood | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| Northeast local | cohort |
| NSDUH | cohort |
| Objective TU-1 local | cohort |
| Other race local | cohort |
| patients | cohort |
| Persons with AMI local | cohort |
| Persons with mental illness local | cohort |
| Phobias or fears local | phenotype |
| Poverty status local | phenotype |
| psychiatric facilities local | cohort |
| psychological distress | phenotype |
| Pulmonary disease | phenotype |
| Quit ratio local | phenotype |
| Races local | cohort |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| Serious psychological distress local | phenotype |
| smoking | phenotype |
| smoking cessation | phenotype |
| smoking prevalence | phenotype |
| South | cohort |
| substance use | phenotype |
| tobacco advertisements local | drug |
| Tobacco industry local | cohort |
| tobacco smoke | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| traumatic stress | phenotype |
| U.S. adults aged ≥18 years local | cohort |
| Utah local | cohort |
| West local | cohort |
| West Virginia local | cohort |
| whites | cohort |
| women | cohort |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule local | phenotype |
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