Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Bruin, Willem B; Taylor, Luke; Thomas, Rajat M; Shock, Jonathan P; Zhutovsky, Paul; Abe, Yoshinari; Alonso, Pino; Ameis, Stephanie H; Anticevic, Alan; Arnold, Paul D; Assogna, Francesca; Benedetti, Francesco; Beucke, Jan C; Boedhoe, Premika S W; Bollettini, Irene; Bose, Anushree; Brem, Silvia; Brennan, Brian P; Buitelaar, Jan K; Calvo, Rosa; Cheng, Yuqi; Cho, Kang Ik K; Dallaspezia, Sara; Denys, Damiaan; Ely, Benjamin A; Feusner, Jamie D; Fitzgerald, Kate D; Fouche, Jean-Paul; Fridgeirsson, Egill A; Gruner, Patricia; Gürsel, Deniz A; Hauser, Tobias U; Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Hoexter, Marcelo Q; Hu, Hao; Huyser, Chaim; Ivanov, Iliyan; James, Anthony; Jaspers-Fayer, Fern; Kathmann, Norbert; Kaufmann, Christian; Koch, Kathrin; Kuno, Masaru; Kvale, Gerd; Kwon, Jun Soo; Liu, Yanni; Lochner, Christine; Lázaro, Luisa; Marques, Paulo; Marsh, Rachel; Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio; Mataix-Cols, David; Menchón, José M; Minuzzi, Luciano; Moreira, Pedro S; Morer, Astrid; Morgado, Pedro; Nakagawa, Akiko; Nakamae, Takashi; Nakao, Tomohiro; Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C; Nurmi, Erika L; O'Neill, Joseph; Pariente, Jose C; Perriello, Chris; Piacentini, John; Piras, Fabrizio; Piras, Federica; Reddy, Y C Janardhan; Rus-Oswald, Oana G; Sakai, Yuki; Sato, João R; Schmaal, Lianne; Shimizu, Eiji; Simpson, H Blair; Soreni, Noam; Soriano-Mas, Carles; Spalletta, Gianfranco; Stern, Emily R; Stevens, Michael C; Stewart, S Evelyn; Szeszko, Philip R; Tolin, David F; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan; Wang, Zhen; Yun, Je-Yeon; van Rooij, Daan; ENIGMA-OCD Working Group; Thompson, Paul M; van den Heuvel, Odile A; Stein, Dan J; van Wingen, Guido A
- Year
- 2020
- Journal
- Translational psychiatry
- PMID
- 33033241
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41398-020-01013-y
- PMCID
- PMC7598942
No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.
Performance for multi-site classification using different algorithms and cross-validation schemes.Boxplots summarize AUC scores obtained across CV-folds; dashed line represents chance-level performance and asterisks indicate scores significantly different from chance (Mann–Whitney-U statistic; p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected (10 classifiers × 3 CV types), see Supplement for details). SVM Support Vector Machine, PCA Principal Component Analysis, RBF Radial Basis Function, LR Logistic Regression, GPC Gaussian Processes Classification, RFC Random Forest Classifier, XGB XGBoost, NN Neural Network.
Scatterplot illustrating relationship between number of participants and classification performance across sites.Only RFC classifier performance averaged across CV-folds and repeats are plotted (Spearman correlation; rS = 0.37, p = 0.014).
Performance for classification between subgroups of patients based on medication status.Only RFC classifier performance for combined (pediatric and adult) data is shown here; Boxplots summarize AUC scores obtained across CV-folds; dashed line represents chance-level performance and asterisks indicate scores significantly different from chance (Mann–Whitney-U statistic; p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected (10 classifiers × 3 CV types), see Supplement for details). unmed unmedicated, med medicated.
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21–39 of 39
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| adjuvant antipsychotics local | drug |
| adults | cohort |
| adult sample | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| age of onset | phenotype |
| antidepressants | drug |
| antipsychotics | drug |
| autism | phenotype |
| Bilateral Anterior Cingulate Cortex local | anatomy |
| Bilateral Temporal Cortex local | anatomy |
| Bilateral Transverse Temporal Cortex local | anatomy |
| brain data local | anatomy |
| brain structure | anatomy |
| cerebellar region | anatomy |
| children | cohort |
| Combined pediatric and adult patients local | cohort |
| combined sample | cohort |
| cortex | anatomy |
| cortical surface area | anatomy |
| cortical thickness | phenotype |
| cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit | anatomy |
| Covariates local | drug |
| Data collection site ID local | cohort |
| Disease duration local | phenotype |
| early AO OCD local | cohort |
| Early onset OCD local | phenotype |
| Early Onset OCD local | phenotype |
| ENIGMA | cohort |
| ENIGMA-OCD local | cohort |
| ENIGMA OCD consortium local | cohort |
| ENIGMA-OCD study local | cohort |
| ENIGMA-OCD working group | cohort |
| fluoxetine | drug |
| FreeSurfer | drug |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| gray matter anatomy local | anatomy |
| HC | cohort |
| HC local | phenotype |
| healthy controls | cohort |
| High severity OCD local | phenotype |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| insula | anatomy |
| intracranial volume | anatomy |
| large ecologically valid multi-site sample local | cohort |
| late AO OCD local | cohort |
| Late onset OCD local | phenotype |
| Late Onset OCD local | phenotype |
| lateral ventricle | anatomy |
| left inferior temporal gyrus | anatomy |
| Left Paracentral local | anatomy |
| left thalamus | anatomy |
| limbic regions | anatomy |
| Long disease duration OCD local | phenotype |
| Long duration OCD local | phenotype |
| longitudinal studies local | cohort |
| Low severity OCD local | phenotype |
| Medial Orbital Frontal local | anatomy |
| medicated local | drug |
| medicated adult OCD patients | cohort |
| medicated cases local | cohort |
| medicated OCD local | cohort |
| Medicated OCD local | phenotype |
| medicated patients | cohort |
| medicated patients local | phenotype |
| medicated pediatric OCD patients | cohort |
| Medicated vs. Unmedicated OCD local | phenotype |
| medication | drug |
| Medication classification local | phenotype |
| Medication use | drug |
| Monocenter studies local | cohort |
| MR field strength local | drug |
| Multicenter studies local | cohort |
| multi-site samples local | cohort |
| network-level abnormalities local | phenotype |
| neuroimaging data local | anatomy |
| Neuroimaging data local | drug |
| non-medicated patients local | phenotype |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | phenotype |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients local | phenotype |
| OCD | phenotype |
| OCD medication local | drug |
| pallidum | anatomy |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| paroxetine | drug |
| patients | cohort |
| pediatric local | phenotype |
| pediatric cohort | cohort |
| Pediatric patients local | cohort |
| pediatric sample local | cohort |
| Pediatric sample local | cohort |
| Pediatric Sample local | cohort |
| psychotropic medication | drug |
| putamen | anatomy |
| regional brain structure local | anatomy |
| regional cortical estimations local | anatomy |
| Right Entorhinal local | anatomy |
| rodent studies | cohort |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | drug |
| serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) local | drug |
| sex | phenotype |
| Short disease duration OCD local | phenotype |
| Short duration OCD local | phenotype |
| Short Duration OCD Patients local | phenotype |
| single-site samples local | cohort |
| site | cohort |
| structural MRI | drug |
| Subcortical Gray Matter local | anatomy |
| subcortical volumes | anatomy |
| surface area | phenotype |
| temporal cortex | anatomy |
| thalamus | anatomy |
| treatment-naïve patients local | cohort |
| treatment-naïve pediatric patients local | cohort |
| unmedicated local | drug |
| Unmedicated local | phenotype |
| Unmedicated adult OCD patients local | cohort |
| unmedicated cases local | cohort |
| unmedicated OCD local | cohort |
| Unmedicated OCD local | phenotype |
| unmedicated OCD patients local | cohort |
| unmedicated patients local | cohort |
| unmedicated pediatric OCD patients local | cohort |
| Ventricle Volumes local | anatomy |
| Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale local | phenotype |
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Genome-wide analyses identify 30 loci associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2025 | 40360802 |
External
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