Psychiatric 'diseases' versus behavioral disorders and degree of genetic influence.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Bienvenu, O J; Davydow, D S; Kendler, K S
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Psychological medicine
- PMID
- 20459884
- DOI
- 10.1017/S003329171000084X
- PMCID
- PMC10885735
BACKGROUND: Psychiatric conditions in which symptoms arise involuntarily ('diseases') might be assumed to be more heritable than those in which choices are essential (behavioral disorders). We sought to determine whether psychiatric 'diseases' (Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and mood and anxiety disorders) are more heritable than behavioral disorders (substance use disorders and anorexia nervosa). METHOD: We reviewed the literature for recent quantitative summaries of heritabilities. When these were unavailable, we calculated weighted mean heritabilities from twin studies meeting modern methological standards. RESULTS: Heritability summary estimates were as follows: bipolar disorder (85%), schizophrenia (81%), Alzheimer's disease (75%), cocaine use disorder (72%), anorexia nervosa (60%), alcohol dependence (56%), sedative use disorder (51%), cannabis use disorder (48%), panic disorder (43%), stimulant use disorder (40%), major depressive disorder (37%), and generalized anxiety disorder (28%). CONCLUSIONS: No systematic relationship exists between the disease-like character of a psychiatric disorder and its heritability; many behavioral disorders seem to be more heritable than conditions commonly construed as diseases. These results suggest an error in 'common-sense' assumptions about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. That is, among psychiatric disorders, there is no close relationship between the strength of genetic influences and the etiologic importance of volitional processes.
Heritability summary estimates for psychiatric diseases/disease-like conditions (black) and behavioral disorders (grey)
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Next →
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| Adult Psychiatric Syndromes local | phenotype |
| adult Virginia Twin Registry local | cohort |
| adverse effects | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol and drug use disorders local | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Alzheimer's disease | phenotype |
| Alzheimer’s disease | phenotype |
| anorexia nervosa | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| Anxiety syndrome local | phenotype |
| behavioral disorders | phenotype |
| Bergem et al., 1997 local | cohort |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| Breitner et al., 1995 local | cohort |
| Bulik et al., 2006 local | cohort |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| cannabis use disorder | phenotype |
| Cardno et al., 1999 local | cohort |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| cocaine use disorder | phenotype |
| comorbidity | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| Depressive syndrome local | phenotype |
| Disease-like Psychiatric Disorders local | phenotype |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| dysfunctional behaviors local | phenotype |
| Early age-at-onset | phenotype |
| early onset | phenotype |
| eating disorders | phenotype |
| Emotional disturbance | phenotype |
| Endogenous depression local | phenotype |
| Gatz et al., 1997 local | cohort |
| Gatz et al., 2005 local | cohort |
| Gatz et al., 2006 local | cohort |
| generalized anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| genes | gene |
| hallucinations | phenotype |
| hedonic effects | phenotype |
| High heritability local | phenotype |
| Huntington's disease | phenotype |
| Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease local | phenotype |
| illness | phenotype |
| involuntary symptoms local | phenotype |
| Kendler et al., 1993 local | cohort |
| Kendler et al., 1995 local | cohort |
| Kendler et al. 2006b Swedish twin study local | cohort |
| Kieseppa et al., 2004 local | cohort |
| Klump et al., 2001 local | cohort |
| Low heritability local | phenotype |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| mania | phenotype |
| McGuffin et al., 2003 local | cohort |
| Memory disturbance local | phenotype |
| Meyer and Breitner, 1998 local | cohort |
| Neurotic depression local | phenotype |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| panic disorder | phenotype |
| Personality vulnerability local | phenotype |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| Raiha et al., 1996 local | cohort |
| recurrence | phenotype |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| sedative dependence | phenotype |
| sedatives | drug |
| Short duration local | phenotype |
| stimulant | drug |
| stimulant dependence | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| Sullivan et al. 2000 meta-analysis local | cohort |
| Swedish Twin Registry | cohort |
| Syndromes with Disordered Behavior local | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| Twin Study Literature local | cohort |
| Virginia Twin Registry | cohort |
| volitional behavior local | phenotype |
| Wade et al., 2000 local | cohort |
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