Neuroinflammation and M2 microglia: the good, the bad, and the inflamed.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Cherry, Jonathan D; Olschowka, John A; O'Banion, M Kerry
- Year
- 2014
- Journal
- Journal of neuroinflammation
- PMID
- 24889886
- DOI
- 10.1186/1742-2094-11-98
- PMCID
- PMC4060849
The concept of multiple macrophage activation states is not new. However, extending this idea to resident tissue macrophages, like microglia, has gained increased interest in recent years. Unfortunately, the research on peripheral macrophage polarization does not necessarily translate accurately to their central nervous system (CNS) counterparts. Even though pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can polarize microglia to distinct activation states, the specific functions of these states is still an area of intense debate. This review examines the multiple possible activation states microglia can be polarized to. This is followed by a detailed description of microglial polarization and the functional relevance of this process in both acute and chronic CNS disease models described in the literature. Particular attention is given to utilizing M2 microglial polarization as a potential therapeutic option in treating diseases.
Working model of microglial polarization. (A) A variety of cytokines are able to polarize microglia to unique phenotypes. These phenotypes constitute a spectrum as opposed to two binary states. Depending on the stimulus, microglia can be polarized towards one end of the spectrum and be more M1- or M2-like. (B) Upon prolonged or chronic inflammation, an overabundance of inflammatory cytokines skews microglial polarization towards the M1 phenotype. M1 microglia, in turn, produce additional inflammatory cytokines, generating a cycle that further induces inflammation and maintains the M1 state. This skewed population of M1 microglia exhibits impaired phagocytosis and is cytotoxic in, for example, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. (C) To treat neuroinflammatory diseases, certain therapeutic agents, such as glatiramer acetate, bexarotene, and PPARγ agonists, have been used. These treatments have been shown to inhibit inflammation as well as induce M2 activation, resulting in reduced disease severity. A more complete list of such therapeutic agents can be found in Table 2. AD, Alzheimer’s disease, EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; GA, glatiramer acetate; MS, multiple sclerosis.
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| AAV | drug |
| AAV2 vector local | drug |
| aged mice | cohort |
| Allergy local | phenotype |
| alternative activation | phenotype |
| Alternative activation phenotype local | phenotype |
| alternatively activated macrophages local | phenotype |
| Alzheimer's disease | phenotype |
| Alzheimer’s disease | phenotype |
| Alzheimer’s disease pathology local | phenotype |
| Amyloid beta | drug |
| amyloid pathology | phenotype |
| amyloid β | drug |
| Antigen-presenting activity local | phenotype |
| anti-inflammatory response local | phenotype |
| anti-inflammatory signal local | phenotype |
| anti-inflammatory treatment local | drug |
| apoE | gene |
| apoptosis | phenotype |
| APP | gene |
| APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s disease mouse local | cohort |
| APP/PS1 mouse model local | cohort |
| Arg1 local | gene |
| ARG1 local | gene |
| Arg1+ cells local | phenotype |
| arginine | drug |
| asthma | phenotype |
| Axon elongation local | phenotype |
| Axon growth local | phenotype |
| Axon regeneration local | phenotype |
| Aβ local | phenotype |
| Aβ degradation local | phenotype |
| Aβ phagocytosis local | phenotype |
| bad activation state local | phenotype |
| Bdnf | gene |
| bexarotene | drug |
| blood-brain barrier | anatomy |
| brain | anatomy |
| Cd14 | gene |
| CD163 | gene |
| CD206 | drug |
| CD36 | gene |
| CD86 | gene |
| central nervous system | anatomy |
| cerebral spinal fluid | drug |
| choroid-plexus-associated macrophages local | phenotype |
| Chronic diseases local | phenotype |
| Chronic neuroinflammation local | phenotype |
| classical activation local | phenotype |
| Classical activation local | phenotype |
| clinical scores local | phenotype |
| Clinical scores local | phenotype |
| CNS | anatomy |
| CNS injuries local | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| Cultured neurons local | phenotype |
| DAMP local | drug |
| DAMPs | drug |
| Debris clearance local | phenotype |
| dementia | phenotype |
| demyelination | phenotype |
| detrimental polarization local | phenotype |
| Dorsal root ganglion neuron local | phenotype |
| EAE | phenotype |
| EAE models local | cohort |
| early Alzheimer’s disease local | phenotype |
| ELISA local | drug |
| Experimental autoimmune encephalitis local | cohort |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) pathology local | phenotype |
| Fcγ receptor local | drug |
| FIZZ1 local | gene |
| GA local | drug |
| Glatiramer acetate local | drug |
| gliosis | phenotype |
| glucocorticoids | drug |
| glymphatic system local | anatomy |
| good activation state local | phenotype |
| Head injury | phenotype |
| IDE | gene |
| IFNG local | drug |
| IGF-1 | drug |
| IGF1 | gene |
| IL-10 local | drug |
| IL-10 local | gene |
| IL-12 local | drug |
| IL-13 local | drug |
| IL13 local | drug |
| IL-1β | drug |
| IL-33 local | drug |
| IL-33 local | gene |
| IL-4 local | drug |
| IL-4 local | gene |
| IL4 local | drug |
| IL4 local | gene |
| IL4RA local | gene |
| IL-4Rα local | drug |
| IL-4Rα local | gene |
| IL-6 | drug |
| immune complexes | drug |
| Impaired cognition local | phenotype |
| infarct volume local | phenotype |
| inflammation | phenotype |
| inflammatory cytokines local | drug |
| Inflammatory cytokines local | drug |
| Inflammatory macrophages local | phenotype |
| interferon gamma | drug |
| interferon-γ local | drug |
| Interferon-γ local | drug |
| Interleukin-10 local | drug |
| Interleukin-4 local | drug |
| Intracranial hemorrhage local | phenotype |
| ischemia | phenotype |
| ischemic reperfusion injury local | phenotype |
| later stage Alzheimer’s disease local | phenotype |
| lesion size local | phenotype |
| Lesion size local | phenotype |
| LGALS3 local | gene |
| lipopolysaccharide | drug |
| Locomotor recovery local | phenotype |
| Loss of synapses local | phenotype |
| LRP1 | gene |
| M1 local | phenotype |
| M1-conditioned media local | drug |
| M1 macrophage local | phenotype |
| M1 macrophages local | phenotype |
| M1 microglia local | phenotype |
| M1 microglia activation local | phenotype |
| M1 phenotype local | phenotype |
| M1 polarization local | phenotype |
| M2 local | phenotype |
| M2a local | phenotype |
| M2a-c nomenclature local | phenotype |
| M2 activation local | phenotype |
| M2a microglia local | phenotype |
| M2b local | phenotype |
| M2b macrophage local | phenotype |
| M2c local | phenotype |
| M2 cells local | phenotype |
| M2c microglia local | phenotype |
| M2-conditioned media local | drug |
| M2c phenotype local | phenotype |
| M2 macrophage local | phenotype |
| M2 microglia local | phenotype |
| M2 microglia activation local | phenotype |
| M2 phenotype local | phenotype |
| M2 polarization local | phenotype |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor local | drug |
| Macrophage recruitment local | phenotype |
| macrophages | anatomy |
| Matrix deposition local | phenotype |
| mesenchymal stem cells local | drug |
| Mesenchymal stem cells local | drug |
| MHC II local | drug |
| MHCII local | gene |
| mice | cohort |
| microglia | phenotype |
| Microglia activation phenotype local | phenotype |
| microglial activation | phenotype |
| microglial activation phenotypes local | phenotype |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | phenotype |
| MME local | gene |
| MMP9 | gene |
| MMSE | phenotype |
| MRC1 local | gene |
| multiple sclerosis | phenotype |
| myelin | phenotype |
| Myelin-associated glycoprotein local | drug |
| NEP local | gene |
| neurodegeneration | phenotype |
| neurodegenerative disease | phenotype |
| neurodegenerative diseases | phenotype |
| neurogenesis | phenotype |
| neuroinflammation | phenotype |
| neurotoxicity | phenotype |
| NF-κB | gene |
| nitric oxide | drug |
| NOD local | gene |
| NOS2 | gene |
| ornithine local | drug |
| Ornithine local | drug |
| parenchymal microglia local | phenotype |
| pathology | phenotype |
| PDGFα local | gene |
| perivascular macrophages local | phenotype |
| phenotype spectrum local | phenotype |
| pioglitazone | drug |
| plaque loads local | phenotype |
| polyamines local | drug |
| Polyamines local | drug |
| PPARG | gene |
| PPARG agonists local | drug |
| pro-inflammatory cytokines | phenotype |
| proinflammatory response | phenotype |
| proline | drug |
| Reactive nitrogen species local | drug |
| reactive oxygen species | drug |
| Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis local | phenotype |
| repair local | phenotype |
| resident tissue mesenchymal cells local | phenotype |
| Resolvin D1 local | drug |
| RXR | gene |
| Scar formation local | phenotype |
| scavenger receptor A local | gene |
| scavenger receptors local | drug |
| Secondary inflammation local | phenotype |
| Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis local | phenotype |
| spatial memory | phenotype |
| spinal cord injury | anatomy |
| SPP1 | gene |
| stroke | phenotype |
| tau | phenotype |
| T cells | phenotype |
| TgCRND8 mouse local | cohort |
| TGFB1 | gene |
| TGFB1 overexpressing mice local | cohort |
| TGFB1 signaling deficient mice local | cohort |
| TGF-β | drug |
| TGFβ | drug |
| Th1 local | phenotype |
| Th17 cells local | phenotype |
| Th1 cells local | phenotype |
| Th2 cytokines local | drug |
| Th2 response local | phenotype |
| tissue damage | phenotype |
| TLR local | drug |
| TLR | gene |
| Tlr2 | gene |
| Tlr4 | gene |
| TLR6 local | gene |
| TNF | gene |
| TNFα | drug |
| TREM2 | gene |
| tumor-associated macrophage local | phenotype |
| Tumor-associated macrophage local | phenotype |
| Unique activation state local | phenotype |
| Wound repair local | phenotype |
| Ym1 | gene |
| YM1 local | drug |
| young mice | cohort |
| β secretase local | drug |
| γ secretase local | drug |
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| Integrated single-cell multiomic profiling of caudate nucleus suggests key mechanisms in alcohol use disorder. | 2025 | 41083468 |
External
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| Effects of lipopolysaccharide on energy metabolism and immune cell activation in different microglia model systems. | Michels S et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Effects of psilocybin and chronic mild stress on microglial activation in rat spinal cord: an ex vivo analysis. | Olejnik P et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Environmental enrichment ameliorates the impairments of a rodent model of prodromal Parkinson's disease. | Montanari M et al. | — | 2026 | → |
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| Peripheral inflammation mediates cognitive deficits in drug-naive schizophrenia through hippocampal-thalamo-visual circuitry dysfunction. | Gou N et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Reducing Neuroinflammation via Inhibition of Fibrinogen Deposition and Microglial Activation as an Underlying Mechanism of Paning I Decoction in Ameliorating Parkinson's Disease Symptoms. | Chen YJ et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of inflammatory microglia on prognosis and immunotherapy response in primary glioblastoma. | Alyaqoobi Z et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Targeting HMGB1 in Microglia Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Modulates the Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Balance of Microglia/Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. | Li Y et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Targeting Hspd1 attenuates neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage. | Gao L et al. | — | 2026 | → |
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| Zika Virus Reprograms Microglial Mitochondrial Metabolism to Support Immune Activation and Viral Replication: Omega-3 DHA Counteracts Neuroinflammation and Viral Persistence. | Braz-de-Melo HA et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| 25-hydroxysterol mitigates microgravity-induced retinal damage by suppressing microglial inflammation through disrupting lipid raft formation. | Lee JH et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| 4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone Mitigates Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury Through Modulation of the TREM2/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. | Wang M et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Betaine alleviates deficits in motor behavior, neurotoxic effects, and neuroinflammatory responses in a rat model of demyelination. | Essawy AE et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Bibliometric Analysis and Visualized Study of Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke. | Bu F et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Biomolecular and Functional Changes in a Culture of Microglial Cells Caused by Long-Term Exposure to AlCl<sub>3</sub>. | Sentyabreva AV et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Cang-Ai Volatile Oil Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviour in Mice by Modulating the Microglial BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathway. | Zhao L et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Cellular and Molecular Interactions in CNS Injury: The Role of Immune Cells and Inflammatory Responses in Damage and Repair. | Patel JC et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Chrysin-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells In Vitro: A Novel Neuroprotective Strategy. | Filannino FM et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| CNS resident macrophages exhibit region-specific states and immunogenic responses during Rbpj-deficient brain arteriovenous malformation. | Nakisli S et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Costunolide normalizes neuroinflammation and improves neurogenesis deficits in a mouse model of depression through inhibiting microglial Akt/mTOR/NF-κB pathway. | Zhang SQ et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Differential Responses of Human iPSC-Derived Microglia to Stimulation with Diverse Inflammogens. | Wolfbeisz C et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Evaluating Parkinson's disease biomarkers in substantia nigra following sublethal γ-radiation exposure in a large animal model. | Murphy EK et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| HOCPCA Exerts Neuroprotection on Retinal Ganglion Cells by Binding to CaMKIIα and Modulating Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Experimental Glaucoma. | Li P et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Impact of Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Resident Central Nervous System Cell Populations After Acute Brain Injury Under Various External Stimuli Conditions. | Gong J et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation Through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Causes Cognitive Dysfunction. | Maziz MNH et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Neural Stem Cell-conditioned Medium Protected Against Cognitive Dysfunction in APP/PS1 Mice. | Zheng X et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Sex Dimorphism Influences Cortical Microglial Morphological and Phenotypic Marker Profile after Closed Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. | Datta Roy PM et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Triamcinolone Acetonide Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration by Activating Anti-Inflammatory STAT6/Arg1 Signaling in Microglia. | Tang X et al. | — | 2025 | → |
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| Microglia Signatures: A Cause or Consequence of Microglia-Related Brain Disorders? | Mirarchi A et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Minocycline mitigates sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and promotes recovery in male mice: Insights into neuroprotection and inflammatory modulation. | Hosseini M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Mitochondria Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration: Who Comes First? | Peggion C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Modulating the polarization phenotype of microglia - A valuable strategy for central nervous system diseases. | Long Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Multifaceted interactions between cancer cells and glial cells in brain metastasis. | Ishibashi K et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Multi-omics analysis reveals GAPDH posttranscriptional regulation of IFN-γ and PHGDH as a metabolic checkpoint of microglia polarization. | Yang S et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Netrin-1 Promotes M2 Type Activation and Inhibits Pyroptosis of Microglial Cells by Depressing RAC1/Nf-?B Pathway to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain. | Yin Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain. | Bagues A et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Neuroinflammation and acquired traumatic CNS injury: a mini review. | Theus MH | — | 2024 | → |
| Neurological impact of HIV/AIDS and substance use alters brain function and structure. | Haorah J et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Neuroprotective effects of rutin against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice. | Nicola MA et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Neuroprotective effects of the salidroside derivative SHPL-49 via the BDNF/TrkB/Gap43 pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia. | You S et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: Insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. | Paing YMM et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Non-coding RNAs and neuroinflammation: implications for neurological disorders. | Chen Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Oxyimperatorin attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation in vitro and in vivo via suppressing NF-κB p65 signaling. | Lu C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Oxyresveratrol Improves Cognitive Impairments and Episodic-like Memory through Modulating Neuroinflammation and PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced Mice. | Yin G et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Phloretin alleviates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by reducing inflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. | Chen W et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Qinzhizhudan formula dampens inflammation in microglia polarization of vascular dementia rats by blocking MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway: Through integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. | Chen CA et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Quercetin Regulates Microglia M1/M2 Polarization and Alleviates Retinal Inflammation via ERK/STAT3 Pathway. | Zou Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insights and the Promise of Gut-Brain Axis Therapies. | Li M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Reactive Gliosis in Neonatal Disorders: Friend or Foe for Neuroregeneration? | Gargas J et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1. | Zhai C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Research progress on ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. | Wang L et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| ROLE OF MICROGLIA IN SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALOPATHY PATHOGENESIS: AN UPDATE. | Yu Z et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Role of Noncoding RNAs in Modulating Microglial Phenotype. | Meer E | — | 2024 | → |
| Selective COX-2 Inhibitors as Neuroprotective Agents in Traumatic Brain Injury. | Hiskens MI et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Autophagy and miRNAs regulate microglial activation. | Qin N et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Ser9p-GSK3β Modulation Contributes to the Protective Effects of Vitamin C in Neuroinflammation. | Ruggiero M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Shifts in the spatiotemporal profile of inflammatory phenotypes of innate immune cells in the rat brain following acute intoxication with the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate. | Andrew PM et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Siglecs as modulators of macrophage phenotype and function. | Kukan EN et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in the Brains of Aged APP/PS1 Mice. | Gardner RS et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals roles of unique retinal microglia types in early diabetic retinopathy. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Sodium butyrate activates the K<sub>ATP</sub> channels to regulate the mechanism of Parkinson's disease microglia model inflammation. | Xu Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Spatiotemporal transcriptomic map of glial cell response in a mouse model of acute brain ischemia. | Zucha D et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Spinal microglial M1 polarization contributes paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by triggering cells necroptosis. | Dong Yang M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Taming Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring Potential Implications of Choline Alphoscerate via α7 nAChR Modulation. | Cantone AF et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut-brain axis. | Kim Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Targeted mRNA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Postischemic Stroke by Modulating Microglia Polarization. | Gao M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Targeting the AKT-P53/CREB pathway with epicatechin for improved prognosis of traumatic brain injury. | Wang Z et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis ameliorates neuroinflammation in hypothermic traumatic brain injury in mice by modulating phenotypic transformation of microglia. | Ye D et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The immunomodulatory mechanism of acupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke: research progress, prospects, and future direction. | Kuang H et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The Importance of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Neuroinflammation. | Wright B et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The Interplay between Glioblastoma Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: New Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Cancer Therapy. | Virtuoso A et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The interplay between neuroinflammatory pathways and Parkinson's disease. | Eser P et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in depression. | Guldager MB et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The Role of Hypothalamic Microglia in the Onset of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Neuro-Immune Perspective. | Darwish R et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The Role of Inflammatory Cascade and Reactive Astrogliosis in Glial Scar Formation Post-spinal Cord Injury. | Bhatt M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer. | Cao M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Transplantation of fibrin-thrombin encapsulated human induced neural stem cells promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats through modulation of the microenvironment. | Liu S et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Trazodone counteracts the response of microglial cells to inflammatory stimuli. | Chelucci E et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Trifluoro-Icaritin Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Against Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Microglial Activation by Improving CB2 Receptor-Mediated IL-10/β-endorphin Signaling in the Spinal Cord of Rats. | Liu G et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Understanding the molecular pathway of triclosan-induced ADHD-like behaviour: Involvement of the hnRNPA1-PKM2-STAT3 feedback loop. | Shu C et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Up-regulated succinylation modifications induce a senescence phenotype in microglia by altering mitochondrial energy metabolism. | Zhao X et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Yeast β-glucan-based nanoparticles loading methotrexate promotes osteogenesis of hDPSCs and periodontal bone regeneration under the inflammatory microenvironment. | Chen H et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: I. In Vitro Activation of Microglia Towards a Pro-Healing State. | Gopalakrishnan B et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| 5-Fluorouracil Induces an Acute Reduction in Neurogenesis and Persistent Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of the Neuropsychological Complications of Chemotherapy. | Subramaniam CB et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A breakdown of metabolic reprogramming in microglia induced by CKLF1 exacerbates immune tolerance in ischemic stroke. | Ma WY et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A combination of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and monosialotetrahexosy 1 ganglioside alleviates neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. | Fang Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A Distinct Microglial Cell Population Expressing Both CD86 and CD206 Constitutes a Dominant Type and Executes Phagocytosis in Two Mouse Models of Retinal Degeneration. | Zhang Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Aldose reductase inhibition decelerates optic nerve degeneration by alleviating retinal microglia activation. | Rao M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| An Emerging Strategy for Neuroinflammation Treatment: Combined Cannabidiol and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Treatments Effectively Inhibit Glial Nitric Oxide Release. | Fleisher-Berkovich S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Antigen B modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis. | Mariki A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Anti-inflammatory Action of BT75, a Novel RARα Agonist, in Cultured Microglia and in an Experimental Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. | Zhang X et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A preliminary study about the potential risks of the UV-weathered microplastic: The proteome-level changes in the brain in response to polystyrene derived weathered microplastics. | Kim HY et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| ARPC5 acts as a potential prognostic biomarker that is associated with cell proliferation, migration and immune infiltrate in gliomas. | Ming Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. | Huffels CFM et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Astrocytes in Chronic Pain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. | Lu HJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| AT 1 inhibition mediated neuroprotection after experimental traumatic brain injury is dependent on neutrophils in male mice. | Timaru-Kast R et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A Therapeutic Nanovaccine that Generates Anti-Amyloid Antibodies and Amyloid-specific Regulatory T Cells for Alzheimer's Disease. | Jung M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Aβ Chronic Exposure Promotes an Activation State of Microglia through Endocannabinoid Signalling Imbalance. | Scipioni L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Tokyo-172 vaccine provides age-related neuroprotection in actively induced and spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. | Cossu D et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Bibliometric and visual analysis of spinal cord injury-associated macrophages from 2002 to 2023. | Zhao Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Biogenic silver NPs alleviate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a human fetal brain-derived cell line: Molecular switch to the M2 phenotype, modulation of TLR4/MyD88 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, and molecular docking analysis. | Sharma A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models. | Brandl S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Brain Inflammatory Marker Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Diseases: a Systematic Review of Postmortem Brain Studies. | Ai YW et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Breaking the circulus vitiosus of neuroinflammation: Resveratrol attenuates the human glial cell response to cytokines. | Schlotterose L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Butyrate suppresses experimental necrotizing enterocolitis-induced brain injury in mice. | Martinez M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Causal ALS genes impact the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway. | Chi B et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| CD137L Inhibition Ameliorates Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. | Qiu F et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| CD200 in dentate gyrus improves depressive-like behaviors of mice through enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis via alleviation of microglia hyperactivation. | Chen X et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Cholesterol Oxidation Products: Potential Adverse Effect and Prevention of Their Production in Foods. | Deng C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| CNS Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: Beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier and Towards Specific Cellular Targeting. | D'Souza A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Cognitive Deficits Found in a Pro-inflammatory State are Independent of ERK1/2 Signaling in the Murine Brain Hippocampus Treated with Shiga Toxin 2 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. | Berdasco C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Comprehensive investigation of the expression profiles of common long noncoding RNAs during microglial activation. | Kim J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension. | Zheng J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Cortisol and cytokines in schizophrenia: A scoping review. | Farcas A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Curcumin ameliorates traumatic brain injury via C1ql3-mediated microglia M2 polarization. | Zhang M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Daphne genkwa flower extract promotes the neuroprotective effects of microglia. | Gupta DP et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Dexmedetomidine Alters the Inflammatory Profile of Rat Microglia In Vitro. | Scott MC et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Effects of <i>Mycobacterium vaccae</i> NCTC 11659 and Lipopolysaccharide Challenge on Polarization of Murine BV-2 Microglial Cells. | Desmond LW et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Endocannabinoid System Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. | Ferreira PCL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Eugenol relieves the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in 5×FAD mice. | Jung MJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Exercise improves cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice through Histone H3 lactylation in microglia. | Han H et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Exploring CVD Method for Synthesizing Carbon-Carbon Composites as Materials to Contact with Nerve Tissue. | Fraczek-Szczypta A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Exploring microglia and their phenomenal concatenation of stress responses in neurodegenerative disorders. | Asveda T et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Exploring the mechanism of luteolin by regulating microglia polarization based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. | Wang T et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo in ischaemic stroke. | Fullerton JL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Fibroblast-Conditioned Media Enhance the Yield of Microglia Isolated from Mixed Glial Cultures. | Hu J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Formononetin improves cardiac function and depressive behaviours in myocardial infarction with depression by targeting GSK-3β to regulate macrophage/microglial polarization. | Yang Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Fructose diet ameliorate effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency on prefrontal cortex inflammation, neural plasticity, and behavior in male mice. | Vratarić M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| GSK-3β: An exuberating neuroinflammatory mediator in Parkinson's disease. | Samim Khan S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| HIF-1α promotes astrocytic production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor following spinal cord injury. | Hao H et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Highly dynamic inflammatory and excitability transcriptional profiles in hippocampal CA1 following status epilepticus. | Galvis-Montes DS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Histone deacetylase 3 regulates microglial function through histone deacetylation. | Meleady L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Identifying global research trends on inflammation associated with traumatic brain injury by bibliometric and visualized analysis. | Li S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| IGF2 inhibits hippocampal over-activated microglia and alleviates depression-like behavior in LPS- treated male mice. | Guo D et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| <i>m</i>-Terphenylamines, Acting as Selective COX-1 Inhibitors, Block Microglia Inflammatory Response and Exert Neuroprotective Activity. | Rocchi D et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Impact of sex on neuroimmune contributions to Parkinson's disease. | Bourque M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Implicative role of epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling partners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. | Jayaswamy PK et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Inconsistent Effects of Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. | Karaahmet B et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Inhibition of IL-6 methylation by Saikosaponin C regulates neuroinflammation to alleviate depression. | Bai Z et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles. | Kalkman HO | — | 2023 | → |
| Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. | Ivan DC et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist as Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury. | Lindblad C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Interleukin 4 Reduces Brain Hyperexcitability after Traumatic Injury by Downregulating TNF-α, Upregulating IL-10/TGF-β, and Potential Directing Macrophage/Microglia to the M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype. | Radpour M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| IRAK-M Ablation Promotes Status Epilepticus-Induced Neuroinflammation via Activating M1 Microglia and Impairing Excitatory Synaptic Function. | Liang XS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Incorporated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. | Jung M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Isoamericanin A improves lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in mice through suppression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase-dependent nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. | Yang Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Licochalcone A Inhibits Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> by Targeting the MAPK Pathway in LPS Activated Primary Microglia. | Bhatia HS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Lysosomal acidification dysfunction in microglia: an emerging pathogenic mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. | Quick JD et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Masitinib: The promising actor in the next season of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis treatment series. | Ketabforoush AHME et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Maternal immune activation alters fetal and neonatal microglia phenotype and disrupts neurogenesis in mice. | Loayza M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Mechanism of baixiangdan capsules on anti-neuroinflammation: combining dry and wet experiments. | Yu Q et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? | Isaković J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Metabolic partitioning in the brain and its hijacking by glioblastoma. | de Ruiter Swain J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglia and Brain Disorders: The Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor. | Mirarchi A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer's Disease. | Wu Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Miao J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglial reprogramming by Hv1 antagonism protects neurons from inflammatory and glutamate toxicity. | Hernandez-Espinosa DR et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglial Senescence and Activation in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Neuropathological Scoring. | Malvaso A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Microglia role as the regulator of cognitive function. | De Sousa RAL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate LPS-Induced ARDS and the Lung-Brain Axis of Communication in Wild-Type versus Fat-1 Mice Genetically Modified for Leukotriene B4 Receptor 1 or Chemerin Receptor 23 Knockout. | Hernandez J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| NADPH oxidase 4 regulate the glycolytic metabolic reprogramming of microglial cells to promote M1 polarization. | Zhai L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Naïve Huntington's disease microglia mount a normal response to inflammatory stimuli but display a partially impaired development of innate immune tolerance that can be counteracted by ganglioside GM1. | Steinberg N et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Exacerbation of Neuropathology Following Brain Blast Injury. | Muresanu DF et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| New insights into the role of GSK-3β in the brain: from neurodegenerative disease to tumorigenesis. | Lai S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. | Tao S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| NOX2 inhibition enables retention of the circadian clock in BV2 microglia and primary macrophages. | Muthukumarasamy I et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Opioids, microglia, and temporal lobe epilepsy. | Lankhuijzen LM et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| P2X4 signalling contributes to hyperactivity but not pain sensitization comorbidity in a mouse model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Bou Sader Nehme S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Possible involvement of microglial P2RY12 and peripheral IL-10 in postpartum depression. | Kim HJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation. | Li J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Regional variances depict a unique glial-specific inflammatory response following closed-head injury. | White MR et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Resveratrol Mitigates Metabolism in Human Microglia Cells. | Schlotterose L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| RhoA balances microglial reactivity and survival during neuroinflammation. | Socodato R et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Role of Crosstalk between Glial Cells and Immune Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Protection after Acute Ischemic Stroke. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Role of α-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. | Lv QK et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Running to remember: The effects of exercise on perineuronal nets, microglia, and hippocampal angiogenesis in female and male mice | Maheu MG et al. | — | 2023 | — |
| Sinapic Acid Attenuates the Neuroinflammatory Response by Targeting AKT and MAPK in LPS-Activated Microglial Models. | Huang T et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Sphingosine Kinases at the Intersection of Pro-Inflammatory LPS and Anti-Inflammatory Endocannabinoid Signaling in BV2 Mouse Microglia Cells. | Standoli S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Spliceosomal GTPase Eftud2 regulates microglial activation and polarization. | Yang GC et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Targeting Neuroinflammation to Alleviate Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Role for Investigating Disease-Modifying Therapy (DMT)? | Di Stadio A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| TGF-β Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) Is Activated in Microglia After Experimental Epilepsy and Contributes to Epileptogenesis. | Khan D et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The case for complement component 5 as a target in neurodegenerative disease. | Stennett A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Circadian Clock of Polarized Microglia and Its Interaction with Mouse Brain Oscillators. | Honzlová P et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Dialogue Between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases. | Amanollahi M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The effect of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells on microglia states. | Xin Q et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The effect of mesenchymal stem cells and imatinib on macrophage polarization in rat model of liver fibrosis. | Malmir A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide ameliorates neuroinflammation, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in mice with diet-induced obesity through the modulation of microglial M2 polarization and downregulation of SR-A4. | Lin MH et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Ketogenic Diet and Neuroinflammation: The Action of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in a Microglial Cell Line. | Polito R et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Molecular Link Between TDP-43, Endogenous Retroviruses and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Potential Target for Triumeq, an Antiretroviral Therapy. | Dubowsky M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The neuroimmune axis of Alzheimer's disease. | Jorfi M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Epileptic Models. | Palumbo L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The P2X7 receptor contributes to seizures and inflammation-driven long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following hypoxia in neonatal mice. | Smith J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels. | Tonev D et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Regulation of Microglial Cell Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Potential Strategy for Auxiliary Treatment of Glioma-A Review. | Zhao L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke. | Liang Z et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Role of BDNF in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation. | Nociti V et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The role of dopamine in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. | Possemato E et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. | Savonije K et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Role of Vitamin D in Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. | Sangha A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The Yin and Yang Effect of the Apelinergic System in Oxidative Stress. | Fibbi B et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Three Days Delayed Recanalization Improved Neurological Function in pMCAO Rats by Increasing M2 Microglia-Possible Involvement of the IL-4R/STAT6/PPARγ Pathway. | Kang R et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Time-dependent dual effect of microglia in ischemic stroke. | Fan PL et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| TIPE2 regulates the response of BV2 cells to lipopolysaccharide by the crosstalk between PI3K/AKT signaling and microglia M1/M2 polarization. | Gao J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| TMEM106B Puncta Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, and Reduced Protein in Mice Results in Delayed Lipid Clearance Following CNS Injury. | Shafit-Zagardo B et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| To re-examine the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of pyroptosis. | Li Y et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Total saponins of panax ginseng via the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates neuroinflammation and exerted antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress in rats. | Qin M et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Translocator protein in the rise and fall of central nervous system neurons. | Cheung G et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Various Energetic Metabolism of Microglia in Response to Different Stimulations. | Liu X et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Xanthotoxol alleviates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. | Zhu L et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Zinc (Zn) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model: A comparative evaluation of behavioral and immunohistochemical results. | Yildirim S et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| α-Tocopherol Protects Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia. | La Torre ME et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Acute exposure to paraquat affects the phenotypic differentiation of substantia nigra microglia in rats. | Zhang W et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Advancement of epigenetics in stroke. | Peng J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Alpha-Momorcharin Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by M1 Macrophages but Not Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression by M2 Macrophages. | Peng K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| ALZT-OP1: an experimental combination regimen for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | Lozupone M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 induces microglial activation and M1 polarization <i>via</i> the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. | Oh Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| An effective therapeutic regime for treatment of glioma using oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing IL-21 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. | Sun Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Asiatic Acid Attenuates Inflammation Induced by <i>Salmonella</i> via Upregulating LncRNA TVX1 in Microglia. | Zou W et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| A steroid receptor coactivator small molecule "stimulator" attenuates post-stroke ischemic brain injury. | McClendon LK et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. | Olude MA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Astrocytic and microglial cells as the modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. | Singh D | — | 2022 | → |
| Autophagy in glaucoma pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives. | Li M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Beneficial effects of natural flavonoids on neuroinflammation. | Chen Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Bile acids attenuate PKM2 pathway activation in proinflammatory microglia. | Romero-Ramírez L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. | Wu S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Brain Damage-linked ATP Promotes P2X7 Receptors Mediated Pineal N-acetylserotonin Release. | Sousa KS et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| C1q deletion exacerbates stress-induced learned helplessness behavior and induces neuroinflammation in mice. | Madeshiya AK et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) as a Possible New Target for Therapy. | Bogacka J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy. | Yan X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Cladribine Treatment for MS Preserves the Differentiative Capacity of Subsequently Generated Monocytes, Whereas Its Administration <i>In Vitro</i> Acutely Influences Monocyte Differentiation but Not Microglial Activation. | Medeiros-Furquim T et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Clickable Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation. | Cornelison C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Constitutively active microglial populations limit anorexia induced by the food contaminant deoxynivalenol. | Gaige S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Copolymer-1 as a potential therapy for mild cognitive impairment. | Incontri-Abraham D et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Cross-Talk and Subset Control of Microglia and Associated Myeloid Cells in Neurological Disorders. | Mills J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Crosstalk Between the Oxidative Stress and Glia Cells After Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapies. | Zhu G et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Regulates the M1/M2 Polarization of Microglia via PPARγ and Aβ42 Phagocytosis Through TREM2 in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. | Sanjay et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Dexamethasone-Loaded Hydrogels Improve Motor and Cognitive Functions in a Rat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model. | Macks C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Discovery and engineering of an anti-TREM2 antibody to promote amyloid plaque clearance by microglia in 5XFAD mice. | Zhao P et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Distinct Phenotypes of Inflammation Associated Macrophages and Microglia in the Prefrontal Cortex Schizophrenia Compared to Controls. | Zhu Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in cerebral granulomas caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi. | Soto-Domínguez A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Dual roles of interleukin-33 in cognitive function by regulating central nervous system inflammation. | Rao X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Early-phase administration of human amnion-derived stem cells ameliorates neurobehavioral deficits of intracerebral hemorrhage by suppressing local inflammation and apoptosis. | Kuramoto Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review. | Roy P et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Effects of neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 and nanoparticle surface modification on microglia. | Kushwah N et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Emerging Roles of Microglia Depletion in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. | Deng J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Engineering strategies towards overcoming bleeding and glial scar formation around neural probes. | Otte E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| (-)-Epicatechin gallate prevents inflammatory response in hypoxia-activated microglia and cerebral edema by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. | Chen G et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects against Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation in Microglia via NF-κB Suppression and Nrf-2/HO-1 Activation. | Kim SR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Evaluation of neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells in an ex vivo retinal explant model. | Reboussin É et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Exercise Rehabilitation and/or Astragaloside Attenuate Amyloid-beta Pathology by Reversing BDNF/TrkB Signaling Deficits and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. | Wang YL et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Exploring the Pro-Phagocytic and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of PACAP and VIP in Microglia: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis. | Jansen MI et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Extracellular Hsp90α stimulates a unique innate gene profile in microglial cells with simultaneous activation of Nrf2 and protection from oxidative stress. | Okusha Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Extracellular Vesicles Cargo in Modulating Microglia Functional Responses. | La Torre ME et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Extracellular vesicles derived from inflammatory-educated stem cells reverse brain inflammation-implication of miRNAs. | Markoutsa E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells promote microglia M2 polarization and neurological recovery in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. | Hu X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can be Taken Up by Microglial Cells and Partially Prevent the Stimulation Induced by β-amyloid. | Kaniowska D et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Functional and Phenotypic Diversity of Microglia: Implication for Microglia-Based Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease. | Xu YJ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Ghrelin reduces cerebral ischemic injury in rats by reducing M1 microglia/macrophages. | Tian R et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Glial activation positron emission tomography imaging in radiation treatment of breast cancer brain metastases. | Badiuk SR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Glial cell reactivity and oxidative stress prevention in Alzheimer's disease mice model by an optimized NMDA receptor antagonist. | Companys-Alemany J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Glial Contributions to Lafora Disease: A Systematic Review. | Della Vecchia S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Hippocampal overexpression of TREM2 ameliorates high fat diet induced cognitive impairment and modulates phenotypic polarization of the microglia. | Wu M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Human Borna disease virus 1 encephalitis shows marked pro-inflammatory biomarker and tissue immunoactivation during the course of disease. | Rauch J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Identification of oxytocin expression in human and murine microglia. | Maejima Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| IGF1 gene therapy in middle-aged female rats delays reproductive senescence through its effects on hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptin neurons. | Dolcetti FJC et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Implications of glial metabolic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. | Afridi R et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Inflammation Subtypes and Translating Inflammation-Related Genetic Findings in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: A Perspective on Pathways for Treatment Stratification and Novel Therapies. | Bishop JR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Inhalation of Silver Silicate Nanoparticles Leads to Transient and Differential Microglial Activation in the Rodent Olfactory Bulb. | Huynh H et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Inhibition of Mer exacerbates early brain injury by regulating microglia/macrophage phenotype after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. | Tan X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Interleukin-4 Aggravates LPS-Induced Striatal Neurodegeneration In Vivo via Oxidative Stress and Polarization of Microglia/Macrophages. | Jang J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Intratarget Microdosing for Deep Phenotyping of Multiple Drug Effects in the Live Brain. | Kim J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Knowledge domains and emerging trends of microglia research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis and visualization study. | Liu G et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Leukotriene Signaling as a Target in α-Synucleinopathies. | Strempfl K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Long-term microglial phase-specific dynamics during single vessel occlusion and recanalization. | Xie X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Maternal immune activation induces autism-like changes in behavior, neuroinflammatory profile and gut microbiota in mouse offspring of both sexes. | Tartaglione AM et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Mechanisms of the host immune response and helminth-induced pathology during Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae) neuroinvasion in mice. | Macháček T et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products. | Angeloni C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Melanoma-Secreted Amyloid Beta Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Promotes Brain Metastasis. | Kleffman K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Metformin promotes microglial cells to facilitate myelin debris clearance and accelerate nerve repairment after spinal cord injury. | Wu YQ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis. | Yu M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia and Alzheimer's Disease. | Merighi S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia and immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease. | Li Q et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia and Neuroinflammation: Crucial Pathological Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration. | Shao F et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. | Gaire BP | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia autophagy in ischemic stroke: A double-edged sword. | Peng L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglial Activation and Oxidative Stress in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders. | Song J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglial Dynamics Modulate Vestibular Compensation in a Rodent Model of Vestibulopathy and Condition the Expression of Plasticity Mechanisms in the Deafferented Vestibular Nuclei. | El Mahmoudi N et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglial Endocannabinoid Signalling in AD. | Scipioni L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglial Immunoregulation by Apoptotic Cellular Membrane Mimetic Polymeric Particles. | Nakagawa Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia Loss and Astrocyte Activation Cause Dynamic Changes in Hippocampal [<sup>18</sup>F]DPA-714 Uptake in Mouse Models of Depression. | Guo J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglial proliferation attenuates sickness responses in adult mice during endotoxin-induced inflammation. | Torii K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. | Wang M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Guo S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia: Rheostats of space radiation effects in the CNS microenvironment. | Kerry O'Banion M | — | 2022 | → |
| Microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity. | Li S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype. | Armeli F et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Modulating Microglia/Macrophage Activation by CDNF Promotes Transplantation of Fetal Ventral Mesencephalic Graft Survival and Function in a Hemiparkinsonian Rat Model. | Tseng KY et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Modulation of the Microglial Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis. | Nheu D et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Morphologic Analysis of M2 Macrophage in Glioblastoma: Involvement of Macrophage Extracellular Traps (METs). | Michiba A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Mushroom Polysaccharides as Potential Candidates for Alleviating Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Jiang X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. | Jafari Z et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Necroptosis and Neuroinflammation in Retinal Degeneration. | Tao Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neural transcriptomic signature of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer. | O'Hara E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neuroinflammation and galectins: a key relationship in neurodegenerative diseases. | Ramírez Hernández E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neurological sequela and disruption of neuron-glia homeostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. | Savelieff MG et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neuronal and Glial Communication via Non-Coding RNAs: Messages in Extracellular Vesicles. | Marangon D et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neuron-Microglia Contact-Dependent Mechanisms Attenuate Methamphetamine-Induced Microglia Reactivity and Enhance Neuronal Plasticity. | Bravo J et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neuroprotective effects of naturally sourced bioactive polysaccharides: an update. | Xu XL et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. | Li N et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| New Paradigm in Cell Therapy Using Sperm Head to Restore Brain Function and Structure in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Support for Boosting Constructive Inflammation <i>vs</i>. Anti-Inflammatory Approach. | Pakravan N et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. | Wang L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Non-invasive photobiomodulation treatment in an Alzheimer Disease-like transgenic rat model. | Yang L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Novel Insights into the Emerging Role of Neat1 and Its Effects Downstream in the Regulation of Inflammation. | Pan Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Opioid-induced microglia reactivity modulates opioid reward, analgesia, and behavior. | Green JM et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| PACAP and VIP Mitigate Rotenone-Induced Inflammation in BV-2 Microglial Cells. | Broome ST et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Peroxisome Injury in Multiple Sclerosis: Protective Effects of 4-Phenylbutyrate in CNS-Associated Macrophages. | Roczkowsky A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Phagocytic microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair. | Yu F et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Pharmacological Inhibition of Spermine Oxidase Suppresses Excitotoxicity Induced Neuroinflammation in Mouse Retina. | Alfarhan M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Pharmacological Inhibition of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Suppressed Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction in LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration Model. | Kim MW et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Plasma IL-12/IFN-γ axis predicts cognitive trajectories in cognitively unimpaired older adults. | Yang HS et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Potential treatment of Parkinson's disease with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | Li P et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Probiotic <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> MCC1274 Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies in Wild-Type Mice. | Abdelhamid M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Protecting effect of emodin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice by inhibiting microglia activation and inflammation via Myd88/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway. | Zheng K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Protective effects of blocking PD-1 pathway on retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. | Sheng S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Regulatory Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Nervous System: Implications for Neuronal Aging. | Stuart BAR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Research progress of mechanisms for tight junction damage on blood-brain barrier inflammation. | Zhao B et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Restoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy. | Wu Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Restoring myocardial infarction-induced long-term memory impairment by targeting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. | Vanherle L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| RETRACTED: Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Rauf A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Role of Autophagy in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse-Mediated Neuroinflammaging. | Sil S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Role of Glial Cell-Derived Oxidative Stress in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage after Acute Ischemic Stroke. | Hu X et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Role of Zerumbone, a Phytochemical Sesquiterpenoid from <i>Zingiber zerumbet Smith</i>, in Maintaining Macrophage Polarization and Redox Homeostasis. | Yeh WL et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Sanjay et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. | Olajide OA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Shared pathophysiology: Understanding stroke and Alzheimer's disease. | Sriram S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Spatiotemporal dynamics of the cellular components involved in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. | Zhang C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Spinal cord injury in mice affects central and peripheral pathology in a severity-dependent manner. | Bannerman CA et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Switching Roles: Beneficial Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microglia and Their Implication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. | Sánchez-Castillo AI et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Synergistic photobiomodulation with 808-nm and 1064-nm lasers to reduce the β-amyloid neurotoxicity in the <i>in vitro</i> Alzheimer's disease models. | Zhang R et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Synthetic cannabinoids reduce the inflammatory activity of microglia and subsequently improve neuronal survival in vitro. | Young AP et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Targeting iNOS Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Promoting Ferroptosis of M1 Microglia and Reducing Neuroinflammation. | Qu W et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Targeting Microglia to Treat Degenerative Eye Diseases. | Wang SK et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Targeting Persistent Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-Is Exendin-4 the Answer? | Zhou KQ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Tenascin-C fibronectin D domain is involved in the fine-tuning of glial response to CNS injury <i>in vitro</i>. | Bijelić D et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Anti-Inflammatory Agent Bindarit Attenuates the Impairment of Neural Development through Suppression of Microglial Activation in a Neonatal Hydrocephalus Mouse Model. | Iwasawa E et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Blood-Brain Barrier-A Key Player in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Mechanisms. | Schreiner TG et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Effects of Blueberry Phytochemicals on Cell Models of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. | Felgus-Lavefve L et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis. | Halperin ST et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. | Huang B et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The interrelationships between neuronal viability, synaptic integrity, microglial responses, and amyloid-beta formation in an in vitro neurotrauma model. | Wang LW et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Protective Role of Microglial PPARα in Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration and Neurovascular Dysfunction. | Yuan T et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Therapeutic efficacy of rolipram delivered by PgP nanocarrier on secondary injury and motor function in a rat TBI model. | Macks C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease From the Perspective of Immune Inflammation and Iron Metabolism. | Long HZ et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The role of microglial autophagy in Parkinson's disease. | Zhu R et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| The Translational Potential of Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Ischemic Stroke. | Wicks EE et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Thrombin acts as inducer of proinflammatory macrophage migration inhibitory factor in astrocytes following rat spinal cord injury. | Yang T et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Time dependent analysis of rat microglial surface markers in traumatic brain injury reveals dynamics of distinct cell subpopulations. | Gottlieb A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 is involved in ROS-mediated inflammation via regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. | Lv Z et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Transient neuroinflammation following surgery contributes to long-lasting cognitive decline in elderly rats via dysfunction of synaptic NMDA receptor. | Chen B et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Treatment with Pulsed Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (PELF-EMF) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect in Compression Spinal Cord Injury Model. | Goldshmit Y et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Trehalose Treatment in Zebrafish Model of Lafora Disease. | Della Vecchia S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Vitreous Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines, Not Altered After Preoperative Adjunctive Conbercept Injection, but Associated With Early Postoperative Macular Edema in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. | Sun H et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| 17β-Estradiol Abrogates Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation after Cortical Stab Wound Injury. | Saeed K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Abnormal brain structure and behavior in MyD88-deficient mice. | Schroeder P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Activation of GPR40 attenuates neuroinflammation and improves neurological function via PAK4/CREB/KDM6B pathway in an experimental GMH rat model. | Xiao J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. | Bai H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Adalimumab ameliorates memory impairments and neuroinflammation in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. | Xu JJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Adult and endemic neurogenesis in the vestibular nuclei after unilateral vestibular neurectomy. | Rastoldo G et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Aggregated Tau-PHF6 (VQIVYK) Potentiates NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Autophagy in Human Microglial Cells. | Panda C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| A high fat, sugar, and salt Western diet induces motor-muscular and sensory dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in mice during aging: Ameliorative action of metformin. | Hong S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| An arylthiazyne derivative is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis providing neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. | Keuters MH et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| An evidence update on the protective mechanism of tangeretin against neuroinflammation based on network pharmacology prediction and transcriptomic analysis. | Lv S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Anhydroexfoliamycin, a <i>Streptomyces</i> Secondary Metabolite, Mitigates Microglia-Driven Inflammation. | Gegunde S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| A novel long intergenic non-coding RNA, Nostrill, regulates iNOS gene transcription and neurotoxicity in microglia. | Mathy NW et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| An overview of microglia ontogeny and maturation in the homeostatic and pathological brain. | Mendes MS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Anti-Inflammatory Activity of <i>N</i>-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine and <i>N</i>-Eicosapentaenoylethanolamine in a Mouse Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. | Tyrtyshnaia A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways with Glaucoma Risk and Phenotype. | Atanasovska Velkovska M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Astrocytes Stimulate Microglial Proliferation and M2 Polarization In Vitro through Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia. | Kim S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with green tea catechins and cocoa flavanols on aging-related regressive changes in the mouse neuromuscular system. | Gras S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Bidirectional Association Between Sleep and Brain Atrophy in Aging. | Kokošová V et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles deliver microRNA-23b to alleviate spinal cord injury by targeting toll-like receptor TLR4 and inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation. | Nie H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Brain vulnerability and viability after ischaemia. | Daniele SG et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Breaking a dogma: acute anti-inflammatory treatment alters both post-lesional functional recovery and endogenous adaptive plasticity mechanisms in a rodent model of acute peripheral vestibulopathy. | El Mahmoudi N et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson's Disease. | Bohush A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Changes in arginase isoforms in a murine model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia. | Mike JK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia-like symptoms are an integral component of the phenome of schizophrenia: neuro-immune and opioid system correlates. | Mousa RF et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Critical roles of sphingosine kinase 1 in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. | Wang C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Cromolyn inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by human microglia (HMC3). | Wang YJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Dendrimer-tesaglitazar conjugate induces a phenotype shift of microglia and enhances β-amyloid phagocytosis. | DeRidder L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Depletion of SENP1-mediated PPARγ SUMOylation exaggerates intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive decline by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. | Wang H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Differential Cytokine-Induced Responses of Polarized Microglia. | Chauhan P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Differential gene expression in the cortical sulcus compared to the gyral crest within the early stages of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. | Cherry JD et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Dual Roles of Microglia in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson's Disease. | Choudhury ME et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Effects of Haloperidol, Risperidone, and Aripiprazole on the Immunometabolic Properties of BV-2 Microglial Cells. | Racki V et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Electrospun meshes intrinsically promote M2 polarization of microglia under hypoxia and offer protection from hypoxia-driven cell death. | Venugopal D et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. | Rasheed M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Chronic Ocular Hypertension Mouse Model Induced by Intracameral Injection of Cross-Linking Hydrogel. | Chen J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Exploring Potential of Alkaloidal Phytochemicals Targeting Neuroinflammatory Signaling of Alzheimer's Disease. | Uddin MS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Fas/FasL Contributes to HSV-1 Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation. | Krzyzowska M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| FGF, Mechanism of Action, Role in Parkinson's Disease, and Therapeutics. | Liu Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Fish Hydrolysate Supplementation Containing n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Peptides Prevents LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. | Chataigner M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Gaucher disease: Basic and translational science needs for more complete therapy and management. | Grabowski GA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Genetic Deletion of mGlu3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Amplifies Ischemic Brain Damage and Associated Neuroinflammation in Mice. | Mastroiacovo F et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Geranylgeraniol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mouse-Derived MG6 Microglial Cells via NF-κB Signaling Modulation. | Saputra WD et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview. | Quaranta L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA and Neuroprotective Immunity in Parkinson's disease. | Olson KE et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| High-Intensity Exercise Training Protects the Brain Against Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Regulation of Microglial Redox and Pro-inflammatory Functions. | Zaychik Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| HIV Neuroinflammation: The Role of Exosomes in Cell Signaling, Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers and Drug Delivery. | Mahajan SD et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Human-Induced Neural and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Combined with a Curcumin Nanoconjugate as a Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. | Bonilla P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Hydrogen Sulfide Reverses LPS-Induced Behavioral Deficits by Suppressing Microglial Activation and Promoting M2 Polarization. | Kumar M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Hydrolyzed Chicken Meat Extract Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Mouse by Regulating M1/M2 Microglial Polarization. | Ni L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Hypoxia/ischemia impairs CD33 (Siglec-3)/TREM2 signaling: Potential role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. | Salminen A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| IKK2/NF-κB Activation in Astrocytes Reduces amyloid β Deposition: A Process Associated with Specific Microglia Polarization. | Yang S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Immune Response in Neurological Pathology: Emerging Role of Central and Peripheral Immune Crosstalk. | Passaro AP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Immunometabolic Modulatory Role of Naltrexone in BV-2 Microglia Cells. | Kučić N et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Immunomodulatory Effect of Microglia-Released Cytokines in Gliomas. | Lanza M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Immunomodulatory Role of Urolithin A on Metabolic Diseases. | Toney AM et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Immunosuppression and Neuroinflammation in Stroke Pathobiology. | Jiang Q et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Impact of the apelin/APJ axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease with therapeutic potential. | Angelopoulou E et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease mediated by gut microbiota. | Qian XH et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Interplay Between Microglia and Alzheimer's Disease-Focus on the Most Relevant Risks: APOE Genotype, Sex and Age. | Chen Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| In vivo imaging of dopamine D1 receptor and activated microglia in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a positron emission tomography study. | Yokokura M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Isorhamnetin promotes functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury by abating oxidative stress and modulating M2 macrophages/microglia polarization. | Chen F et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Kv1.1 subunits localize to cardiorespiratory brain networks in mice where their absence induces astrogliosis and microgliosis. | Dhaibar HA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Low-Dose Radiation Potentiates the Propagation of Anti-Tumor Immunity against Melanoma Tumor in the Brain after In Situ Vaccination at a Tumor outside the Brain. | Clark PA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Maternal Nicotine Exposure Alters Hippocampal Microglia Polarization and Promotes Anti-inflammatory Signaling in Juvenile Offspring in Mice. | Zhou L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Mechanisms and Pathways of Pain Photobiomodulation: A Narrative Review. | Cheng K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Mechanism underlying treatment of ischemic stroke using acupuncture: transmission and regulation. | Cao BQ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Medroxyprogesterone acetate attenuates demyelination, modulating microglia activation, in a cuprizone neurotoxic demyelinating mouse model. | Mohammadi M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates. | Shkair L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Mer regulates microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury. | Wu H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Metformin Therapy Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Microglia by Inhibiting NF-κB in Cuprizone Demyelinating Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. | Abdi M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglia and its Genetics in Alzheimer's Disease. | Liang X et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglia-associated neuroinflammation is a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. | Zhang W et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglia Diversity in Healthy and Diseased Brain: Insights from Single-Cell Omics. | Ochocka N et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglial Activation Is Associated With Vasoprotection in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Retinal Vasoregression. | Riemann S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglial-glucocorticoid receptor depletion alters the response of hippocampal microglia and neurons in a chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm in female mice. | Picard K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglial Phenotypic Transition: Signaling Pathways and Influencing Modulators Involved in Regulation in Central Nervous System Diseases. | Li J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglial Polarization: Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Ischemic Stroke. | Xue Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglia modulation with 1070-nm light attenuates Aβ burden and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. | Tao L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Microglia Phenotypes Following the Induction of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescent Rats. | Peng H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug? | Tiwari RK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Modulation of microglial activation states by spinal cord stimulation in an animal model of neuropathic pain: Comparing high rate, low rate, and differential target multiplexed programming. | Smith WJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Moringa oleifera modulates cholinergic and purinergic enzymes activity in BV-2 microglial cells. | Adefegha SA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroimmune cell culture models emphasize opposite immune-effector functions of interleukin 13-primed microglia and macrophages in terms of neuroimmune toxicity. | Quarta A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nanomaterial-based Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors for Amyloid beta and Tau: Potential for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. | Phan LMT et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neural Perturbations Associated With Recurrent Binge Alcohol in Male and Female Rats. | West RK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neurobiology of traumatic brain injury. | Bagri K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neurogenesis after Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art. | Rodríguez-Barrera R et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroimmune reactivity marker expression in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment: A systematic scoping review. | George RP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroinflammation: An Integrating Overview of Reactive-Neuroimmune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease. | Kölliker-Frers R et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Quercetin as Its Potential Modulator. | Ortega JT et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroinflammation in Sepsis: Molecular Pathways of Microglia Activation. | Moraes CA et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroprotective Effect of Fractalkine on Radiation-induced Brain Injury Through Promoting the M2 Polarization of Microglia. | Wang J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperetin in Regulating Microglia Polarization after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-<i>κ</i>B Pathway. | Zhang J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neurotoxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles and implications in glial cells. | Chang X et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Non-neuronal cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - from pathogenesis to biomarkers. | Vahsen BF et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease with neuroprotective effects. | Bai Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. | Dominguez LJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Oxidative Stress and the Role of NADPH Oxidase in Glaucoma. | Fan Gaskin JC et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Oxymatrine inhibits neuroinflammation byRegulating M1/M2 polarization in N9 microglia through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. | Wang XL et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies. | Ma L et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Pharmacological Activation of RXR-α Promotes Hematoma Absorption via a PPAR-γ-dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. | Xu C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Phenotypic characterization of frontal cortex microglia in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. | Cotrone TS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Polarization of Type 1 Macrophages Is Associated with the Severity of Viral Encephalitis Caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Dengue Virus. | Jhan MK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Positive effects of roflumilast on behavior, neuroinflammation, and white matter injury in mice with global cerebral ischemia. | Vilhena ER et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Post-stroke Delivery of Valproic Acid Promotes Functional Recovery and Differentially Modifies Responses of Peri-Infarct Microglia. | Kuo TT et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Progesterone alters the activation and typing of the microglia in the optic nerve crush model. | Yang P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Progressive long-term spatial memory loss following repeat concussive and subconcussive brain injury in mice, associated with dorsal hippocampal neuron loss, microglial phenotype shift, and vascular abnormalities. | Honig MG et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Proteomic analysis capsule synthesis and redox mechanisms in the intracellular survival of group B Streptococcus in fish microglia. | Eto SF et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Purinergic-Glycinergic Interaction in Neurodegenerative and Neuroinflammatory Disorders of the Retina. | Harsing LG et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Pyroptosis in stroke-new insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. | Gou X et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Recent Progress of Surface Modified Nanomaterials for Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Organism. | Liu J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| Role of Vitamin E and the Orexin System in Neuroprotection. | La Torre ME et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Senescent Microglia: The Key to the Ageing Brain? | Greenwood EK et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| SENP1 modulates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation toward intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive decline through the de-SUMOylation of NEMO. | Wang H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| Targeting Microglia-Synapse Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. | Piccioni G et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| The cellular immunotherapy of integrated photothermal anti-oxidation Pd-Se nanoparticles in inhibition of the macrophage inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. | Zheng C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| The Dynamic Role of Microglia and the Endocannabinoid System in Neuroinflammation. | Young AP et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The emerging role of FTY720 as a sphingosine 1-phosphate analog for the treatment of ischemic stroke: The cellular and molecular mechanisms. | Naseh M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases. | Benameur T et al. | — | 2021 | → |
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| Time-Dependent Protective and Pro-Resolving Effects of FPR2 Agonists on Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Microglia Cells Involve Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways. | Tylek K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Towards PET imaging of the dynamic phenotypes of microglia. | Beaino W et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Transplantation of 3D MSC/HUVEC spheroids with neuroprotective and proangiogenic potentials ameliorates ischemic stroke brain injury. | Hsu TW et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Traumatic Brain Injury: An Age-Dependent View of Post-Traumatic Neuroinflammation and Its Treatment. | Delage C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| TSPO PET upregulation predicts epileptic phenotype at disease onset independently from chronic TSPO expression in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. | Bertoglio D et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Validation of Induced Microglia-Like Cells (iMG Cells) for Future Studies of Brain Diseases. | Banerjee A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Vortioxetine as a new frontier in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: a review and update. | Adamo D et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Withaferin-A Treatment Alleviates TAR DNA-Binding Protein-43 Pathology and Improves Cognitive Function in a Mouse Model of FTLD. | Kumar S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Abrogation of type-I interferon signalling alters the microglial response to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>. | Moore Z et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Activation of adenosine A3 receptor reduces early brain injury by alleviating neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly rats. | Li P et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Acute and chronic neuroinflammation is triggered by diabetic ketoacidosis in a rat model. | Glaser N et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Acute and Persistent Alterations of Cerebellar Inflammatory Networks and Glial Activation in a Rat Model of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. | Fraunberger EA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| An association between mitochondria and microglia effector function. What do we think we know? | Harry GJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| A novel polysaccharide from Acorus tatarinowii protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. | Zhong J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Anti-mouse CX3CR1 Antibody Alleviates Cognitive Impairment, Neuronal Loss and Myelin Deficits in an Animal Model of Brain Ischemia. | Du B et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Antineuroinflammation activity of n-butanol fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. in microglia HMC3 cell line. | Ma'arif B et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Arginase 2 Deficiency Promotes Neuroinflammation and Pain Behaviors Following Nerve Injury in Mice. | Yin Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| ARS2/MAGL signaling in glioblastoma stem cells promotes self-renewal and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. | Yin J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| A selective p38α/β MAPK inhibitor alleviates neuropathology and cognitive impairment, and modulates microglia function in 5XFAD mouse. | Gee MS et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Astrocytic response to neural injury is larger during development than in adulthood and is not predicated upon the presence of microglia. | Riquier AJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke. | Mo Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Bioaccessible Raspberry Extracts Enriched in Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid Derivatives Have Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties. | Garcia G et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Biotechnology and Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Part I: Biomaterials-Based Drug Delivery Devices. | Jemni-Damer N et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Brain Structural and Functional Alterations in Mice Prenatally Exposed to LPS Are Only Partially Rescued by Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. | Aria F et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Capturing Amyloid-β Oligomers by Stirring with Microscaled Iron Oxide Stir Bars into Magnetic Plaques to Reduce Cytotoxicity toward Neuronal Cells. | Tsai YC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury? | Baker TL et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| CCL2 is associated with microglia and macrophage recruitment in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. | Cherry JD et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Central and peripheral immune responses to low-dose lipopolysaccharide in a mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion. | Halawa AA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Clemastine improves hypomyelination in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by reducing microglia-derived IL-1β via P38 signaling pathway. | Xie D et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Cooling and immunomodulation for treating hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. | Cho KH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Deletion of Chitinase-3-like 1 accelerates stroke development through enhancement of Neuroinflammation by STAT6-dependent M2 microglial inactivation in Chitinase-3-like 1 knockout mice. | Im JH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Delineating Astrocytic Cytokine Responses in a Human Stem Cell Model of Neural Trauma. | Thelin EP et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. | Toney AM et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Discovery of novel L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blockers and application for the prevention of inflammation and angiogenesis. | Saddala MS et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Down-regulation of DJ-1 Augments Neuroinflammation via Nrf2/Trx1/NLRP3 Axis in MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. | Ji YJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Early Axonal Injury and Delayed Cytotoxic Cerebral Edema are Associated with Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Sepsis. | Pang D et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Electroconvulsive stimulation attenuates chronic neuroinflammation. | Goldfarb S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Emulsified silicone oil is taken up by and induces pro-inflammatory response in primary retinal microglia. | Klettner A et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Focused Ultrasound and Microbubbles-Mediated Drug Delivery to Brain Tumor. | Wu SK et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Folate and macrophage folate receptor-β in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease: the potential therapeutic target? | Qu Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| GABA-mediated activated microglia induce neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice following cold exposure through the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathways. | Lang L et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Glial Cells: Role of the Immune Response in Ischemic Stroke. | Xu S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Brain Protection: Focus on Oxytocin. | Panaro MA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| IL-4 Switches Microglia/macrophage M1/M2 Polarization and Alleviates Neurological Damage by Modulating the JAK1/STAT6 Pathway Following ICH. | He Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Immune changes in peripheral blood and hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. | Jiang C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Immunosuppressive Functions of M2 Macrophages Derived from iPSCs of Patients with ALS and Healthy Controls. | Zhao W et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Increased Behavioral Deficits and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Co-Morbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. | Fesharaki-Zadeh A et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Increased oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and dystrophic microglia in the hippocampus of aged Tupaia belangeri. | Rodriguez-Callejas JD et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Inhibition of REV-ERBs stimulates microglial amyloid-beta clearance and reduces amyloid plaque deposition in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. | Lee J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Inhibitory potency of 4- substituted sampangine derivatives toward Cu<sup>2+</sup> mediated aggregation of amyloid β-peptide, oxidative stress, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. | Su C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| In situ vaccination at a peripheral tumor site augments response against melanoma brain metastases. | Clark PA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Intracerebral transplantation of HLA-homozygous human iPSC-derived neural precursors ameliorates the behavioural and pathological deficits in a rodent model of ischaemic stroke. | Noh JE et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Inverse Agonism of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Confers Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects Following Status Epileptics. | Yu Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Inverse Relationship Between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: How Immune Checkpoints Might Explain the Mechanisms Underlying Age-Related Diseases. | Rogers NK et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Investigation on the mechanism of mafenide in inhibiting pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory factors. | Han C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| In Vivo TSPO Signal and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. | Tournier BB et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Light Emitting Diode Therapy Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitigating Neuroinflammation. | Wang S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Longitudinal alteration of cortical thickness and volume in high-impact sports. | Mills BD et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Long non-coding RNA uc.80- overexpression promotes M2 polarization of microglias to ameliorate depression in rats. | Gu XH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| MAPK: A Key Player in the Development and Progression of Stroke. | Zheng Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Meningitis Caused by <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>): Infection and Inflammatory Response. | Eto SF et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Mesenchymal stem cells modulate misfolded α-synuclein in parkinsonian disorders: A multitarget disease-modifying strategy. | Shin JY et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Metabolic Regulation of Glial Phenotypes: Implications in Neuron-Glia Interactions and Neurological Disorders. | Afridi R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Microglia and Inflammatory Responses in Diabetic Retinopathy. | Kinuthia UM et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Mitochondrial Transplantation Attenuates Brain Dysfunction in Sepsis by Driving Microglial M2 Polarization. | Yan C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Modulation of Post-Traumatic Immune Response Using the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Anakinra for Improved Visual Outcomes. | Evans LP et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Potential Therapeutic Targets. | Tschoe C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Potentiate Each Other to Promote Progression of Dopamine Neurodegeneration. | He J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Pharmacological hypothermia induced neurovascular protection after severe stroke of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. | Zhao Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
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| Safflower Yellow Improves Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Mice by Regulating Microglia Activation Phenotypes and BDNF/TrkB/ERK Signaling Pathway. | Pang J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Semisynthetic quercetin-quinone mitigates BV-2 microglia activation through modulation of Nrf2 pathway. | Škandík M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Sex Differences of Microglia and Synapses in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adult Mouse Offspring Exposed to Maternal Immune Activation. | Hui CW et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer's disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis. | Gray SC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Silence of Hippo Pathway Associates with Pro-Tumoral Immunosuppression: Potential Therapeutic Target of Glioblastomas. | Kim EH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Stress-induced blood brain barrier disruption: Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. | Welcome MO et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Synthetic Ruthenium Complex TQ-6 Potently Recovers Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: Attenuation of Microglia and Platelet Activation. | Hsia CH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| TGF-β Signaling: A Therapeutic Target to Reinstate Regenerative Plasticity in Vascular Dementia? | Kandasamy M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Ambiguous Role of Microglia in Aβ Toxicity: Chances for Therapeutic Intervention. | Merlo S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 Reduces Delayed Neurologic Sequelae After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning by Promoting Microglial M2 Polarization Through ST2 Signaling. | Du JJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Effects of Divalent Cation-Chelated Prion Fibrils on the Immune Response of EOC 13.31 Microglia Cells. | Jen HI et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The emerging role of galectins in (re)myelination and its potential for developing new approaches to treat multiple sclerosis. | de Jong CGHM et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The enhancement of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 by induction of 96% ethanol extract of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves. | Ma'arif B et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The immune system on the TRAIL of Alzheimer's disease. | Burgaletto C et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling Pathway by Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor can Improve Spinal Cord Injury. | Tang R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Therapeutic effects of hirsutella sinensis on the disease onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> transgenic mouse model. | Shang HY et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia with Neuroinflammation. | Nam Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The role of glia in Parkinson's disease: Emerging concepts and therapeutic applications. | Kuter KZ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Role of Microglia in Glioblastoma. | Geribaldi-Doldán N et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The role of microglia in neuroprogressive disorders: mechanisms and possible neurotherapeutic effects of induced ketosis. | Morris G et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The role of microglia in the development of neurodegeneration. | Saitgareeva AR et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| The Treatment of Cognitive, Behavioural and Motor Impairments from Brain Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases through Cannabinoid System Modulation-Evidence from In Vivo Studies. | Calina D et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| TLR-2 neutralization potentiates microglial M1 to M2 switching by the combinatorial treatment of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone during S. aureus infection. | Dey R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| TNF-α Pretreatment Improves the Survival and Function of Transplanted Human Neural Progenitor Cells Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. | Kim M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Translation Imaging in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroinflammation. | Belloli S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Transmigration of Tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2) siRNA Via Microglia Derived Exosomes across the Blood Brain Barrier Modifies the Production of Immune Mediators by Microglia Cells. | Reynolds JL et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Transplantation of M2-Deviated Microglia Promotes Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. | Kobashi S et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| TREM2 ameliorates neuroinflammatory response and cognitive impairment via PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease mice. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| TSPO Modulates IL-4-Induced Microglia/Macrophage M2 Polarization via PPAR-γ Pathway. | Zhou D et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Valproic acid affects neuronal fate and microglial function via enhancing autophagic flux in mice after traumatic brain injury. | Zheng Z et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| When glia meet induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). | Li L et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| When It Comes to an End: Oxidative Stress Crosstalk with Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation Induce Neurodegeneration. | Michalska P et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Zerumbone ameliorates behavioral impairments and neuropathology in transgenic APP/PS1 mice by suppressing MAPK signaling. | Li L et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| 3D Organotypic Spinal Cultures: Exploring Neuron and Neuroglia Responses Upon Prolonged Exposure to Graphene Oxide. | Musto M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A Blazing Landscape: Neuroinflammation Shapes Brain Metastasis. | Doron H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Acute LPS sensitization and continuous infusion exacerbates hypoxic brain injury in a piglet model of neonatal encephalopathy. | Martinello KA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Aging and Neuroinflammatory Disorders: New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. | Gambino CM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. | Martinez B et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Amelioration of visual deficits and visual system pathology after mild TBI with the cannabinoid type-2 receptor inverse agonist SMM-189. | Guley NM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Angiotensin II Receptor 1 Blockage Limits Brain Damage and Improves Functional Outcome After Brain Injury in Aged Animals Despite Age-Dependent Reduction in AT1 Expression. | Timaru-Kast R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Anti-Inflammatory Activity of A Polyphenolic Extract from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Alzheimer's Disease. | Mattioli R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of urolithin B in activated microglia. | Lee G et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Aggravates Neuronal Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation via the JNK/c-Jun Pathway in the Early Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. | Wu Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A Quantitative Approach to SIV Functional Latency in Brain Macrophages. | Abreu C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Astrocyte Heterogeneity: Impact to Brain Aging and Disease. | Matias I et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Aβ stimulates microglial activation through antizyme-dependent downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase. | Cheng YW et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells modulate microglial activation in the peri-infarct area in rats during the acute phase of stroke. | Li Z et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Caspase-1 inhibition mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by polarizing M2 microglia/macrophage and suppressing NF-κB activation. | Li Q et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Cell-Type-Specific Interleukin 1 Receptor 1 Signaling in the Brain Regulates Distinct Neuroimmune Activities. | Liu X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Cerebrolysin Ameliorates Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury Through Neuroinflammatory Inhibition <i>via</i> CREB/PGC-1α Pathway. | Guan X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Cessation of anti-VLA-4 therapy in a focal rat model of multiple sclerosis causes an increase in neuroinflammation. | Vainio SK et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Curcumin restores innate immune Alzheimer's disease risk gene expression to ameliorate Alzheimer pathogenesis. | Teter B et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| CX3CR1-deficient microglia shows impaired signalling of the transcription factor NRF2: Implications in tauopathies. | Castro-Sánchez S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Danshen extract (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) attenuate spinal cord injury in a rat model: A metabolomic approach for the mechanism study. | Zhang Q et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Deficiency of α1,6-fucosyltransferase promotes neuroinflammation by increasing the sensitivity of glial cells to inflammatory mediators. | Lu X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Delayed Galectin-3-Mediated Reprogramming of Microglia After Stroke is Protective. | Rahimian R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Detrimental and protective action of microglial extracellular vesicles on myelin lesions: astrocyte involvement in remyelination failure. | Lombardi M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Developmental differences in microglia morphology and gene expression during normal brain development and in response to hypoxia-ischemia. | Cengiz P et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline: key features for prevention. | Dominguez LJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Early-life adversity programs long-term cytokine and microglia expression within the HPA axis in female Japanese quail. | Walker DJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Early Sex Differences in the Immune-Inflammatory Responses to Neonatal Ischemic Stroke. | Villapol S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Early treatment with minocycline following stroke in rats improves functional recovery and differentially modifies responses of peri-infarct microglia and astrocytes. | Yew WP et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Effects of Betaine on LPS-Stimulated Activation of Microglial M1/M2 Phenotypes by Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Pathways in N9 Cells. | Shi H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Electroacupuncture-induced cannabinoid receptor expression in repair of abducens nerve. | Wang L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Enforced microglial depletion and repopulation as a promising strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders. | Han J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Engineering advanced neural tissue constructs to mitigate acute cerebral inflammation after brain transplantation in rats. | Liaudanskaya V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Enhanced remyelination during late pregnancy: involvement of the GABAergic system. | Kalakh S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Evaluation of Microglia/Macrophage Cells from Rat Striatum and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals Differential Expression of Inflammatory-Related mRNA after Methamphetamine. | Kays JS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Examining the relationship between astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration in ALS using hiPSCs. | Halpern M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Experimental colitis reduces microglial cell activation in the mouse brain without affecting microglial cell numbers. | Sroor HM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Extracellular cardiolipin regulates select immune functions of microglia and microglia-like cells. | Pointer CB et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) plays a protective role in alcohol-induced brain injury. | Liu C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Glatiramer Acetate Reverses Motor Dysfunction and the Decrease in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Levels in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. | Churchill MJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Human Umbilical Cord Therapy Improves Long-Term Behavioral Outcomes Following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. | Penny TR et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Hydroxytyrosol Decreases LPS- and α-Synuclein-Induced Microglial Activation In Vitro. | Gallardo-Fernández M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| <i>Lycium barbarum</i> (Wolfberry) Increases Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Affects both Microglia/Macrophage Polarization and Autophagy after Rat Partial Optic Nerve Transection. | Li HY et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Immunological Considerations for Retinal Stem Cell Therapy. | Kramer J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Immunometabolic phenotype of BV-2 microglia cells upon murine cytomegalovirus infection. | Kučić N et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Increased P2X7 Receptor Binding Is Associated With Neuroinflammation in Acute but Not Chronic Rodent Models for Parkinson's Disease. | Crabbé M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Induction of NTPDase1/CD39 by Reactive Microglia and Macrophages Is Associated With the Functional State During EAE. | Jakovljevic M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Inflammation associated with volume reduction in the gray matter and hippocampus of older patients with bipolar disorder. | Tsai SY et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Innate Immunity in the Central Nervous System: A Missing Piece of the Autoimmune Encephalitis Puzzle? | Wesselingh R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Intravenous administration of human adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates motor and cognitive function for intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model. | Kuramoto Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain. | Saito M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Isorhamnetin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglia by inactivating NF-κB, blocking the TLR4 pathway and reducing ROS generation. | Kim SY et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Its complicated: The relationship between alcohol and microglia in the search for novel pharmacotherapeutic targets for alcohol use disorders. | Melbourne JK et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Latest advances in cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. | Milà-Alomà M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Lifestyle Modifications and Nutritional Interventions in Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. | Bhatti GK et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Lipid transporter Spns2 promotes microglia pro-inflammatory activation in response to amyloid-beta peptide. | Zhong L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Loss of ferritin-positive microglia relates to increased iron, RNA oxidation, and dystrophic microglia in the brains of aged male marmosets. | Rodríguez-Callejas JD et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Lupeol inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation in cerebellar cultures and induces neuroprotection associated to the modulation of astrocyte response and expression of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors. | Oliveira-Junior MS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Lupus serum IgG induces microglia activation through Fc fragment dependent way and modulated by B-cell activating factor. | Yang C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is induced on M2 microglia and participates in the resolution phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation. | Ilarregui JM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Maternal immune activation-induced PPARγ-dependent dysfunction of microglia associated with neurogenic impairment and aberrant postnatal behaviors in offspring. | Zhao Q et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Mechanisms of neurobehavioral abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: Contributions from neural and immune components. | Lazo-Gomez R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Menaquinone-4 Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in MG6 Mouse Microglia-Derived Cells by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. | Saputra WD et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Mesenchymal stem cell mediated effects on microglial phenotype in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. | Barati S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Microglial activation after ischaemic stroke. | Zhang S | — | 2019 | → |
| Microglial-driven changes in synaptic plasticity: A possible role in major depressive disorder. | Innes S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. | Subhramanyam CS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Microglia Receptors in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. | Younger D et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Microglia suppress the secondary progression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | Tanabe S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| MicroRNAs and the Genetic Nexus of Brain Aging, Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Brain Trauma. | Sarkar SN et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| MicroRNAs in Neuroinflammation: Implications in Disease Pathogenesis, Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Applications. | Slota JA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| MMPs and ADAMs in neurological infectious diseases and multiple sclerosis. | Muri L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Myeloid cell IRF4 signaling protects neonatal brains from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. | Al Mamun A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Natural products as a potential modulator of microglial polarization in neurodegenerative diseases. | Jin X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neuregulin-1/ErbB network: An emerging modulator of nervous system injury and repair. | Kataria H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neurobiology and Therapeutic Potential of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Inflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. | Sethi R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neuroinflammation and Glial Phenotypic Changes in Alpha-Synucleinopathies. | Refolo V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neuroinflammation and microglia in glaucoma: time for a paradigm shift. | Wei X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neuronal EphA4 Regulates OGD/R-Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Alternative Activation of Microglia. | Wei HX et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neuropathology in intrauterine growth restricted newborn piglets is associated with glial activation and proinflammatory status in the brain. | Wixey JA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Peripheral loss of EphA4 ameliorates TBI-induced neuroinflammation and tissue damage. | Kowalski EA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Post-Stroke Microglia Induce Sirtuin2 Expression to Suppress the Anti-inflammatory Function of Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells. | Shu L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Protective Effect of Semisynthetic and Natural Flavonoid on Aged Rat Microglia-enriched Cultures. | Mrvová N et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Protective effects of delayed intraventricular TLR7 agonist administration on cerebral white and gray matter following asphyxia in the preterm fetal sheep. | Cho KHT et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing extracellular regulating kinase 1/2 against stroke in rats. | Gao X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. | Yan XS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration. | García-Revilla J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Rescue of Noradrenergic System as a Novel Pharmacological Strategy in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Focus on Microglia Activation. | Caraci F et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Revealing Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Cell Death, Glial Proliferation, and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Around Implanted Intracortical Neural Interfaces. | Wellman SM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. | Zhu H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Role of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in neurovascular interactions during stroke. | Srivastava A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Role of MSK1 in the Induction of NF-κB by the Chemokine CX3CL1 in Microglial Cells. | Galán-Ganga M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| S1P<sub>1</sub> Regulates M1/M2 Polarization toward Brain Injury after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. | Gaire BP et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| S1P<sub>2</sub> contributes to microglial activation and M1 polarization following cerebral ischemia through ERK1/2 and JNK. | Sapkota A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound induced blood-brain barrier opening, an integrative review of animal and human studies. | Meng Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Significant roles of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: therapeutic targets for PD prevention. | Lee Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition enhances anti-inflammatory and antioxidative processes, modulates microglia polarization, and promotes recovery after ischemic stroke. | Yeh CF et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) blocks autophagic Tau degradation <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. | Schweig JE et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| STAT6/Arg1 promotes microglia/macrophage efferocytosis and inflammation resolution in stroke mice. | Cai W et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Stem cells from the dental apical papilla in extracellular matrix hydrogels mitigate inflammation of microglial cells. | Tatic N et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Sulforaphane-Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mouse Brain through Its Antioxidant Ability via Nrf2-HO-1 Activation. | Subedi L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Suppressing the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger 1: a new sight to treat depression. | Deng X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of fluorine-18 benzimidazole sulfones as CB2 PET-radioligands. | Kallinen A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl sp<sup>2</sup>-iminosugar glycolipids and evaluation of their immunomodulatory properties towards anti-tumor, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies. | Sánchez-Fernández EM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Systemic TLR2 tolerance enhances central nervous system remyelination. | Wasko NJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The neuroprotection of hypoxic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental traumatic brain injury. | Ma H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the PKA signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease mouse models. | Lee YY et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Role of Connexin and Pannexin Channels in Perinatal Brain Injury and Inflammation. | Zhou KQ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Role of Microglia in Bacterial Meningitis: Inflammatory Response, Experimental Models and New Neuroprotective Therapeutic Strategies. | Thorsdottir S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The role of microglial inflammasome activation in pyroptotic cell death following penetrating traumatic brain injury. | Lee SW et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The role of microRNAs in newborn brain development and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. | Ponnusamy V et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Role of Neuronal Factors in the Epigenetic Reprogramming of Microglia in the Normal and Diseased Central Nervous System. | Veremeyko T et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| TIMP-1 Attenuates the Development of Inflammatory Pain Through MMP-Dependent and Receptor-Mediated Cell Signaling Mechanisms. | Knight BE et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis. | Chew G et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin-10 induces autophagy response and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of TBI. | Maiti P et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Unique primed status of microglia under the systemic autoimmune condition of lupus-prone mice. | Nomura A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| 17<i>β</i>-Estradiol Regulates Microglia Activation and Polarization in the Hippocampus Following Global Cerebral Ischemia. | Thakkar R et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| 2-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid suppresses inflammation via regulation of microglial polarisation in the stab-wounded mouse cerebral cortex. | Hashimoto K et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Acute exposure to diesel exhaust impairs adult neurogenesis in mice: prominence in males and protective effect of pioglitazone. | Coburn JL et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A mathematical model of neuroinflammation in severe clinical traumatic brain injury. | Vaughan LE et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Astroglial role in the pathophysiology of status <i>epilepticus</i>: an overview. | Vargas-Sánchez K et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cannabinoids in health and disease: pharmacological potential in metabolic syndrome and neuroinflammation. | Mastinu A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Comparing Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β1 on Microglia From Rat and Mouse: Transcriptional Profiles and Potassium Channels. | Lively S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. | Jha KA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Conditional depletion of GSK3b protects oligodendrocytes from apoptosis and lessens demyelination in the acute cuprizone model. | Xing B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Contribution of CD137L to Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain. | Wakley AA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Correlation between Apoptosis and in Situ Immune Response in Fatal Cases of Microcephaly Caused by Zika Virus. | de Sousa JR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Correlation of mRNA Expression and Signal Variability in Chronic Intracortical Electrodes. | Falcone JD et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Crocin, a natural product attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors through suppressing NF-kB and NLRP3 signaling pathway. | Zhang L et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cyanobacteria Scytonema javanicum and Scytonema ocellatum Lipopolysaccharides Elicit Release of Superoxide Anion, Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9, Cytokines and Chemokines by Rat Microglia In Vitro. | Klemm LC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Delayed treatment of propofol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in microglia through the PI3K/PKB pathway. | Luo J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation through Upregulation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. | He H et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses the Production of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Mediators in BV2 Microglia by Decreasing the NF-κB Pathway Activity Associated With Toll-like Receptor 4 and CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathway Blockade. | Lee HH et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Differences in neuroimmune signalling between male and female patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. | Kosek E et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Dose-Dependent Effect of Intravenous Administration of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neonatal Stroke Mice. | Tanaka E et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) attenuates inflammation after spinal cord injury by promoting macrophages/microglia M2 polarization in mice. | Xu S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA. | Ruiz-Roso MB et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Elucidating the Interactive Roles of Glia in Alzheimer's Disease Using Established and Newly Developed Experimental Models. | Chun H et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Exercise-Induced Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Models of Alzheimer's Disease. | Kelly ÁM | — | 2018 | → |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Modulates Hippocampal Microglia Activation in a Neuroinflammation Induced Model of Depression. | Tang MM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Frataxin overexpression in Müller cells protects retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. | Schultz R et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Glial Activation and Central Synapse Loss, but Not Motoneuron Degeneration, Are Prevented by the Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist PRE-084 in the Smn2B/- Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. | Cerveró C et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice. | Kiyota T et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Hemostatic nanoparticles increase survival, mitigate neuropathology and alleviate anxiety in a rodent blast trauma model. | Hubbard WB et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Human Microglial Cells Undergo Proapoptotic Induction and Inflammatory Activation upon in vitro Exposure to a Naturally Occurring Level of Aflatoxin B1. | Mehrzad J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Ibuprofen prevents progression of ataxia telangiectasia symptoms in ATM-deficient mice. | Hui CW et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network. | Arroba AI et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Imaging Reporter Strategy to Monitor Gene Activation of Microglia Polarisation States under Stimulation. | Collmann FM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Inflammation-induced iron transport and metabolism by brain microglia. | McCarthy RC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| In situ inflammasome activation results in severe damage to the central nervous system in fatal Zika virus microcephaly cases. | de Sousa JR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell, but not Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell, Ameliorated the Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury by Changing Cerebral Inflammatory State in Rat. | Sugiyama Y et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Investigation of Gal-3 Expression Pattern in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Suffering From Neurodegenerative Disorders. | Ashraf GM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| ITGB4 deficiency in bronchial epithelial cells directs airway inflammation and bipolar disorder-related behavior. | Han L et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Lipoprotein Lipase Is a Feature of Alternatively-Activated Microglia and May Facilitate Lipid Uptake in the CNS During Demyelination. | Bruce KD et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Local inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases reduced M2 macrophage activity and impeded recovery in spinal cord transected rats after treatment with fibroblast growth factor-1 and nerve grafts. | Chiu CW et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| LPS-induced histone H3 phospho(Ser10)-acetylation(Lys14) regulates neuronal and microglial neuroinflammatory response. | Rigillo G et al. | — | 2018 | → |
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