Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.
paper
Cited
Public
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- Authors
- Kern, Margaret L; Friedman, Howard S
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
- PMID
- 18823176
- DOI
- 10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505
OBJECTIVE: Following up on growing evidence that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with greater health protection, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between conscientiousness-related traits and longevity. DESIGN: Using a random-effects analysis model, the authors statistically combined 20 independent samples. In addition, the authors used fixed-effects analyses to examine specific facets of conscientiousness and study characteristics as potential moderators of this relationship. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect sizes were computed for each individual sample as the correlation coefficient r, based on the relationship between conscientiousness and mortality risk (all-cause mortality risk, longevity, or length of survival). RESULTS: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly and positively related to longevity (r = .11, 95% confidence interval = .05-.17). Associations were strongest for the achievement (persistent, industrious) and order (organized, disciplined) facets of conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: Results strongly support the importance of conscientiousness-related traits to health across the life span. Future research and interventions should consider how individual differences in conscientiousness may cause and be shaped by health-relevant biopsychosocial events across many years.
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| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Longevity candidate genes and their association with personality traits in the elderly. | 2012 | 22213687 |
| Personality traits of centenarians' offspring. | 2009 | 19392961 |
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