Prediction of individual genetic risk to disease from genome-wide association studies.
- Authors
- Wray, Naomi R; Goddard, Michael E; Visscher, Peter M
- Year
- 2007
- Journal
- Genome research
- PMID
- 17785532
- DOI
- 10.1101/gr.6665407
- PMCID
- PMC1987352
Empirical studies suggest that the effect sizes of individual causal risk alleles underlying complex genetic diseases are small, with most genotype relative risks in the range of 1.1-2.0. Although the increased risk of disease for a carrier is small for any single locus, knowledge of multiple-risk alleles throughout the genome could allow the identification of individuals that are at high risk. In this study, we investigate the number and effect size of risk loci that underlie complex disease constrained by the disease parameters of prevalence and heritability. Then we quantify the value of prediction of genetic risk to disease using a range of realistic combinations of the number, size, and distribution of risk effects that underlie complex diseases. We propose an approach to assess the genetic risk of a disease in healthy individuals, based on dense genome-wide SNP panels. We test this approach using simulation. When the number of loci contributing to the disease is >50, a large case-control study is needed to identify a set of risk loci for use in predicting the disease risk of healthy people not included in the case-control study. For diseases controlled by 1000 loci of mean relative risk of only 1.04, a case-control study with 10,000 cases and controls can lead to selection of approximately 75 loci that explain >50% of the genetic variance. The 5% of people with the highest predicted risk are three to seven times more likely to suffer the disease than the population average, depending on heritability and disease prevalence. Whether an individual with known genetic risk develops the disease depends on known and unknown environmental factors.
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| Molecular genetics in psychology and personality neuroscience: On candidate genes, genome wide scans, and new research strategies. | Montag C et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Non-parametric Polygenic Risk Prediction via Partitioned GWAS Summary Statistics. | Chun S et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Novel approach to incorporate information about recessive lethal genes increases the accuracy of genomic prediction for mortality traits. | Gebreyesus G et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Pharmacogenetics of Statin-Induced Myotoxicity. | Kee PS et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Polygenic prediction and GWAS of depression, PTSD, and suicidal ideation/self-harm in a Peruvian cohort. | Shen H et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Searching Far and Genome-Wide: The Relevance of Association Studies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. | Rich KA et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Space is the Place: Effects of Continuous Spatial Structure on Analysis of Population Genetic Data. | Battey CJ et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| The genetic risk for hypertension is lower among the Hungarian Roma population compared to the general population. | Soltรฉsz B et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Understanding polygenic models, their development and the potential application of polygenic scores in healthcare. | Babb de Villiers C et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Using DNA From Mothers and Children to Study Parental Investment in Children's Educational Attainment. | Wertz J et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| VariantSpark: Cloud-based machine learning for association study of complex phenotype and large-scale genomic data. | Bayat A et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| A hybrid neural network model for predicting kidney disease in hypertension patients based on electronic health records. | Ren Y et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Analysis of polygenic riskย score usage and performance in diverse human populations. | Duncan L et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| A Polygenic Score for Higher Educational Attainment is Associated with Larger Brains. | Elliott ML et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects. | Peace CP et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Application of the genetic risk model for the analysis of predisposition to nonlacunar ischemic stroke. | Korchagin V et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| A study of Genomic Prediction across Generations of Two Korean Pig Populations. | Castro Dias Cuyabano B et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Complex Trait Prediction from Genome Data: Contrasting EBV in Livestock to PRS in Humans: Genomic Prediction. | Wray NR et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Efficient Implementation of Penalized Regression for Genetic Risk Prediction. | Privรฉ F et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Exploring various polygenic risk scores for skin cancer in the phenomes of the Michigan genomics initiative and the UK Biobank with a visual catalog: PRSWeb. | Fritsche LG et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Future Preventive Gene Therapy of Polygenic Diseases from a Population Genetics Perspective. | Oliynyk RT | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Gene and environment interplay in cognition: Evidence from twin and molecular studies, future directions and suggestions for effective candidate gene x environment (cGxE) research. | Hasan A et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Gene ร Environment contributions to autonomic stress reactivity in youth. | Allegrini AG et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Genetic risk scores for major psychiatric disorders and the risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders. | Bauer AE et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Genetic Vulnerability for Smoking and Cannabis Use: Associations With E-Cigarette and Water Pipe Use. | Allegrini AG et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Genomic Prediction of 16 Complex Disease Risks Including Heart Attack, Diabetes, Breast and Prostate Cancer. | Lello L et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Haplin power analysis: a software module for power and sample size calculations in genetic association analyses of family triads and unrelated controls. | Gjerdevik M et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| How genome-wide association studies (GWAS) made traditional candidate gene studies obsolete. | Duncan LE et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Machine Learning SNP Based Prediction for Precision Medicine. | Ho DSW et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Making the Most of Clumping and Thresholding for Polygenic Scores. | Privรฉ F et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| No interaction between polygenic scores and childhood trauma in predicting suicide attempt in schizophrenia. | Bani-Fatemi A et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Optimal Estimation of Genetic Relatedness in High-dimensional Linear Models. | Guo Z et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Polygenic adaptation on height is overestimated due to uncorrected stratification in genome-wide association studies. | Sohail M et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Polygenic risk scores in psychiatry: Will they be useful for clinicians? | Fullerton JM et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Polygenic risk scoring and prediction of mental health outcomes. | Anderson JS et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Predicting Polygenic Risk of Psychiatric Disorders. | Martin AR et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Prioritization of Variants for Investigation of Genotype-Directed Nutrition in Human Superpopulations. | Nilsson PD et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with susceptibility for development of colorectal cancer: Case-control study in a Basque population. | Alegria-Lertxundi I et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| The genetic architecture of osteoporosis and fracture risk. | Trajanoska K et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives. | Nucifora FC et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Using Polygenic Scores in Social Science Research: Unraveling Childlessness. | Verweij RM et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Cancer epigenetics: Moving forward. | Nebbioso A et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Conservation of biodiversity in the genomics era. | Supple MA et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Convergence of placenta biology and genetic risk for schizophrenia. | Ursini G et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Determining Genetic Causal Variants Through Multivariate Regression Using Mixture Model Penalty. | Sundar VS et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Development of risk prediction models for glioma based on genome-wide association study findings and comprehensive evaluation of predictive performances. | Zhao Y et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Embracing polygenicity: a review of methods and tools for psychiatric genetics research. | Maier RM et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Empirical Bayes Estimation of Semi-parametric Hierarchical Mixture Models for Unbiased Characterization of Polygenic Disease Architectures. | Nishino J et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Estimation of complex effect-size distributions using summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies across 32 complex traits. | Zhang Y et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Expanding the BLUP alphabet for genomic prediction adaptable to the genetic architectures of complex traits. | Wang J et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetic Correlation Profile of Schizophrenia Mirrors Epidemiological Results and Suggests Link Between Polygenic and Rare Variant (22q11.2) Cases of Schizophrenia. | Duncan LE et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetic risk of major depressive disorder: the moderating and mediating effects of neuroticism and psychological resilience on clinical and self-reported depression. | Navrady LB et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetic Risks for Chronic Conditions: Implications for Long-term Wellbeing. | Wehby GL et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview and New Directions. | Patsopoulos NA | โ | 2018 | โ |
| IL10 promoter haplotypes may contribute to altered cytokine expression and systemic inflammation in celiac disease. | Hofmann SR et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Impact of Genetic Variants on the Individual Potential for Body Fat Loss. | Cha S et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Improving genetic prediction by leveraging genetic correlations among human diseases and traits. | Maier RM et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Network-based technologies for early drug discovery. | Fotis C et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Non-parametric polygenic risk prediction using partitioned GWAS summary statistics | Chun S et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Polygenic risk score analyses of symptoms and treatment response in an antipsychotic-naive first episode of psychosis cohort. | Santoro ML et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Potential of Genome-Wide Studies in Unrelated Plus Trees of a Coniferous Species, <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> (Japanese Cedar). | Hiraoka Y et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Predictive accuracy of combined genetic and environmental risk scores. | Dudbridge F et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| PRS-on-Spark (PRSoS): a novel, efficient and flexible approach for generating polygenic risk scores. | Chen LM et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Testing Familial Transmission of Smoking With Two Different Research Designs. | Treur JL et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| The Emerging Immunogenetic Architecture of Schizophrenia. | Pouget JG | โ | 2018 | โ |
| The impact of genome-wide association studies on biomedical research publications. | Struck TJ et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| The iPSYCH2012 case-cohort sample: new directions for unravelling genetic and environmental architectures of severe mental disorders. | Pedersen CB et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes. | Kong A et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Value of multilocus genetic risk score for atrial fibrillation in end-stage kidney disease patients in a Polish population. | Saracyn M et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| 10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation. | Visscher PM et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| A decade of age-related macular degeneration risk models: What have we learned from them and where are we going? | Zhang M et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| A human model for primate personality. | Weiss A | โ | 2017 | โ |
| A Weighted SNP Correlation Network Method for Estimating Polygenic Risk Scores. | Levine ME et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Clozapine as a Model for Antipsychotic Development. | Nucifora FC et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Coronary Artery Calcification and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Lack of Relationship to Risk Alleles for Coronary Artery Disease in the General Population. | Ferraz-Amaro I et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Estimation of genomic prediction accuracy from reference populations with varying degrees of relationship. | Lee SH et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Exploring the predictive power of polygenic scores derived from genome-wide association studies: a study of 10 complex traits. | So HC et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Fetal Origins of Mental Health: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis. | O'Donnell KJ et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Genetic assessment of age-associated Alzheimer disease risk: Development and validation of a polygenic hazard score. | Desikan RS et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Genetic Heterogeneity in Depressive Symptoms Following the Death of a Spouse: Polygenic Score Analysis of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. | Domingue BW et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Genetic risk models: Influence of model size on risk estimates and precision. | Shan Y et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Human Demographic History Impacts Genetic Risk Prediction across Diverse Populations. | Martin AR et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Influence of genetic ancestry and socioeconomic status on type 2 diabetes in the diverse Colombian populations of Chocรณ and Antioquia. | Chande AT et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Meta-GWAS Accuracy and Power (MetaGAP) Calculator Shows that Hiding Heritability Is Partially Due to Imperfect Genetic Correlations across Studies. | de Vlaming R et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Mortality selection in a genetic sample and implications for association studies. | Domingue BW et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Neuroimaging genomics in psychiatry-a translational approach. | Mufford MS et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Polygenic risk for depression and the neural correlates of working memory in healthy subjects. | Yรผksel D et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Polygenic transmission disequilibrium confirms that common and rare variation act additively to create risk for autism spectrum disorders. | Weiner DJ et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Precision Cardiovascular Medicine: State of Genetic Testing. | Giudicessi JR et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Prediction of gene expression with cis-SNPs using mixed models and regularization methods. | Zeng P et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Shared polymorphisms and modifiable behavior factors for myocardial infarction and high cholesterol in a retrospective population study. | Liang Y et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Systems healthcare: a holistic paradigm for tomorrow. | Fiandaca MS et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| The association between 38 previously reported polymorphisms and psoriasis in a Polish population: High predicative accuracy of a genetic risk score combining 16 loci. | Kisiel B et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Transcriptional risk scores link GWAS to eQTLs and predict complications in Crohn's disease. | Marigorta UM et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Translating Polygenic Analysis for Prevention: From Who to How. | Belsky DW | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Accuracy of genomic prediction using imputed whole-genome sequence data in white layers. | Heidaritabar M et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| A Genetic Network Associated With Stress Resistance, Longevity, and Cancer in Humans. | Levine ME et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Age-related macular degeneration: genome-wide association studies to translation. | Black JR et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| A method to decipher pleiotropy by detecting underlying heterogeneity driven by hidden subgroups applied to autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases. | Han B et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| An Equation to Predict the Accuracy of Genomic Values by Combining Data from Multiple Traits, Populations, or Environments. | Wientjes YC et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| A Primer on the Genetics of Comorbid Eating Disorders and Substance Use Disorders. | Munn-Chernoff MA et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Assortative mating and differential fertility by phenotype and genotype across the 20th century. | Conley D et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Changing Polygenic Penetrance on Phenotypes in the 20(th) Century Among Adults in the US Population. | Conley D et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Crowdsourced assessment of common genetic contribution to predicting anti-TNF treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis. | Sieberts SK et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Dissimilarity based Partial Least Squares (DPLS) for genomic prediction from SNPs. | Singh P et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Evaluation of Psoriasis Genetic Risk Based on Five Susceptibility Markers in a Population from Northern Poland. | Stawczyk-Macieja M et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Genetic Association Studies of Suicidal Behavior: A Review of the Past 10โYears, Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions. | Mirkovic B et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| High Prevalence of Smoking in the Roma Population Seems to Have No Genetic Background. | Fiatal S et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Neuroimaging genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease in preclinical individuals: From candidate genes to polygenic approaches. | Harrison TM et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| On the use of genetic risk scores to predict cardiovascular disease in the general population. | Pereira AC | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Ovarian Physiology and GWAS: Biobanks, Biology, and Beyond. | Laisk-Podar T et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Pedigree- and SNP-Associated Genetics and Recent Environment are the Major Contributors to Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Trait Variation. | Xia C et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Phenome-wide analysis of genome-wide polygenic scores. | Krapohl E et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Polygenic Epidemiology. | Dudbridge F | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Polygenic risk scores for cigarettes smoked per day do not generalize to a Native American population. | Otto JM et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Practical prediction model for the risk of 2-year mortality of individuals in the general population. | Goldfarb-Rumyantzev A et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Predicting quantitative traits from genome and phenome with near perfect accuracy. | Mรคrtens K et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| The application of multi-omics and systems biology to identify therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease. | Cisek K et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Translating genome-wide association findings into new therapeutics for psychiatry. | Breen G et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Additive genetic risk from five serotonin system polymorphisms interacts with interpersonal stress to predict depression. | Vrshek-Schallhorn S et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| An Empirical Bayes Mixture Model for Effect Size Distributions in Genome-Wide Association Studies. | Thompson WK et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| An Empirical Bayes risk prediction model using multiple traits for sequencing data. | Li G et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| A new tool called DISSECT for analysing large genomic data sets using a Big Data approach. | Canela-Xandri O et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| A Novel Statistic for Global Association Testing Based on Penalized Regression. | Austin E et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Association of VARS2-SFTA2 polymorphisms with the risk of chronic hepatitis B in a Korean population. | Cheong HS et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Common variants associated with blood lipid levels do not affect carotid plaque composition. | Siemelink MA et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Current Applications of Genetic Risk Scores to Cardiovascular Outcomes and Subclinical Phenotypes. | Smith JA et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Estimation of Additive, Dominance, and Imprinting Genetic Variance Using Genomic Data. | Lopes MS et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Evaluation of DNA variants associated with androgenetic alopecia and their potential to predict male pattern baldness. | Marciลska M et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Evaluation of genetic risk scores for prediction of dichotomous outcomes. | Yoo W et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Evaluation of Penalized and Nonpenalized Methods for Disease Prediction with Large-Scale Genetic Data. | Won S et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Explicit Modeling of Ancestry Improves Polygenic Risk Scores and BLUP Prediction. | Chen CY et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Influence of Feature Encoding and Choice of Classifier on Disease Risk Prediction in Genome-Wide Association Studies. | Mittag F et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Polygenic Influence on Educational Attainment: New evidence from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. | Domingue BW et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Polygenic Scores in Epidemiology: Risk Prediction, Etiology, and Clinical Utility. | Maher BS | โ | 2015 | โ |
| We are all individuals... bioinformatics in the personalized medicine era. | Van Neste L et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| A polygenic risk score associated with measures of depressive symptoms among older adults. | Levine ME et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| A scoring strategy combining statistics and functional genomics supports a possible role for common polygenic variation in autism. | Carayol J et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Determination of sample size for a multi-class classifier based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms: a volume under the surface approach. | Liu X et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Estimating the heritability of colorectal cancer. | Jiao S et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Gene-environment interaction research in psychiatric epidemiology: a framework and implications for study design. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in ulcerative colitis. | Wang MH et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetic evidence for role of carotenoids in age-related macular degeneration in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS). | Meyers KJ et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetic prediction of quantitative lipid traits: comparing shrinkage models to gene scores. | Warren H et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetic relationships between suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide association and polygenic scoring study. | Mullins N et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetic variation at 8q24, family history of cancer, and upper gastrointestinal cancers in a Chinese population. | Tarleton HP et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genome-wide association study combining pathway analysis for typical sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese Han populations. | Xie T et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genomic prediction for tuberculosis resistance in dairy cattle. | Tsairidou S et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Incorporation of personal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data into a national level electronic health record for disease risk assessment, part 1: an overview of requirements. | Beyan T et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Integrating genetics and social science: genetic risk scores. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Kernel-based whole-genome prediction of complex traits: a review. | Morota G et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Molecular genetic overlap in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. | Schulze TG et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| MultiBLUP: improved SNP-based prediction for complex traits. | Speed D et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Polygenic risk scores for smoking: predictors for alcohol and cannabis use? | Vink JM et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| The potential to predict the course of childhood asthma. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Transcription factors and atrial fibrillation. | Mahida S | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Whole-genome analyses of lung function, height and smoking. | Janss L et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Whole genome association study identifies regions of the bovine genome and biological pathways involved in carcass trait performance in Holstein-Friesian cattle. | Doran AG et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| A novel approach to detect cumulative genetic effects and genetic interactions in Crohn's disease. | Wang MH et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| A replication study of 19 GWAS-validated type 2 diabetes at-risk variants in the Lebanese population. | Almawi WY et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Behavior genetics: past, present, future. | Jaffee SR et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Complex variation in measures of general intelligence and cognitive change. | Rowe SJ et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Development and evaluation of a genetic risk score for obesity. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Evaluating an Integrative Theoretical Framework for HIV Sexual Risk among Juvenile Justice involved Adolescents. | Magnan RE et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Genetics in population health science: strategies and opportunities. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Germline genetic contributions to risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux. | Ek WE et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Increasing power by using haplotype similarity in a multimarker transmission/disequilibrium test. | Abad-Grau MM et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Penalized Regression and Risk Prediction in Genome-Wide Association Studies. | Austin E et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Physical activity and differential methylation of breast cancer genes assayed from saliva: a preliminary investigation. | Bryan AD et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Polygenic risk and the development and course of asthma: an analysis of data from a four-decade longitudinal study. | Belsky DW et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Power and predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores. | Dudbridge F | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Projecting the performance of risk prediction based on polygenic analyses of genome-wide association studies. | Chatterjee N et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Strategies for developing prediction models from genome-wide association studies. | Wu J et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| The emerging spectrum of allelic variation in schizophrenia: current evidence and strategies for the identification and functional characterization of common and rare variants. | Mowry BJ et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| The identification of pathway markers in intracranial aneurysm using genome-wide association data from two different populations. | Bakir-Gungor B et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| The power of meta-analysis in genome-wide association studies. | Panagiotou OA et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Where GWAS and epidemiology meet: opportunities for the simultaneous study of genetic and environmental risk factors in schizophrenia. | McGrath JJ et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| A better coefficient of determination for genetic profile analysis. | Lee SH et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| A genetic risk score is associated with incident cardiovascular disease and coronary artery calcium: the Framingham Heart Study. | Thanassoulis G et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Clinical applications of schizophrenia genetics: genetic diagnosis, risk, and counseling in the molecular era. | Costain G et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Computer simulations: tools for population and evolutionary genetics. | Hoban S et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Estimating the contribution of genetic variants to difference in incidence of disease between population groups. | Moonesinghe R et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Evidence-based psychiatric genetics, AKA the false dichotomy between common and rare variant hypotheses. | Visscher PM et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genetic predictors of cue- and stress-induced cigarette craving: an exploratory study. | Erblich J et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genetic signatures of exceptional longevity in humans. | Sebastiani P et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genetics of coronary artery disease: genome-wide association studies and beyond. | Prins BP et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genome position specific priors for genomic prediction. | Brรธndum RF et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Identifying plausible genetic models based on association and linkage results: application to type 2 diabetes. | Guan W et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Improving accuracy of genomic predictions within and between dairy cattle breeds with imputed high-density single nucleotide polymorphism panels. | Erbe M et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Investigating the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk and pathogenesis of ADHD. | Stergiakouli E et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Maintenance of genetic variation in human personality: testing evolutionary models by estimating heritability due to common causal variants and investigating the effect of distant inbreeding. | Verweij KJ et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| New advances in the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation. | Mahida S et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Personalizing rare disease research: how genomics is revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of rare disease. | Dolled-Filhart MP et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Prediction of Colorectal Cancer Risk Using a Genetic Risk Score: The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II). | Jo J et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Prediction of lung cancer risk in a Chinese population using a multifactorial genetic model. | Li H et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Quantitative genetics in the genomics era. | Hill WG | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Sample size determination for classifiers based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | Liu X et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The combined impact of 12 common variants on hypertension in Japanese men, considering GWAS results. | Miyaki K et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence: advancing towards systems-based approaches. | Palmer RH et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The predictive capacity of personal genome sequencing. | Roberts NJ et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The QTN program and the alleles that matter for evolution: all that's gold does not glitter. | Rockman MV | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Using genomic data to make indirect (and unauthorized) estimates of disease risk. | Nyholt DR | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Using whole-genome sequence data to predict quantitative trait phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. | Ober U et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Accuracy of multi-trait genomic selection using different methods. | Calus MP et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A genetic risk score combining ten psoriasis risk loci improves disease prediction. | Chen H et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A genome-wide association study of meat and carcass traits in Australian cattle. | Bolormaa S et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A quantitative-trait genome-wide association study of alcoholism risk in the community: findings and implications. | Heath AC et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A variable selection method for genome-wide association studies. | He Q et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Bioinformatics challenges for personalized medicine. | Fernald GH et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Cumulative effects of genetic risk variants on the development of common atherosclerosis. | Tsuchiya T et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Discriminative accuracy of genomic profiling comparing multiplicative and additive risk models. | Moonesinghe R et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Educational attainment: a genome wide association study in 9538 Australians. | Martin NW et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Genetic predictors for cardiovascular disease in hispanics. | Qi L et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Genetic risk profiles for depression and anxiety in adult and elderly cohorts. | Demirkan A et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Genetics of schizophrenia: new findings and challenges. | Gejman PV et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Genome-based prediction of breast cancer risk in the general population: a modeling study based on meta-analyses of genetic associations. | van Zitteren M et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Genome-wide association studies establish that human intelligence is highly heritable and polygenic. | Davies G et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Identification of IL6R and chromosome 11q13.5 as risk loci for asthma. | Ferreira MA et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Identifying consensus disease pathways in Parkinson's disease using an integrative systems biology approach. | Edwards YJ et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Impact of direct-to-consumer predictive genomic testing on risk perception and worry among patients receiving routine care in a preventive health clinic. | James KM et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Liver fibrogenesis and genetic factors. | Boursier J et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| No influence on disease progression of non-HLA susceptibility genes in MS. | Lundstrรถm W et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Predicting genetic values: a kernel-based best linear unbiased prediction with genomic data. | Ober U et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Predicting sensation seeking from dopamine genes: use and misuse of genetic prediction. | Powell JE et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Ranking causal variants and associated regions in genome-wide association studies by the support vector machine and random forest. | Roshan U et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Replication study of SNP associations for colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese. | Ho JW et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| The distribution of SNP marker effects for faecal worm egg count in sheep, and the feasibility of using these markers to predict genetic merit for resistance to worm infections. | Kemper KE et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| The effect of measurement error of phenotypes on genome wide association studies. | Barendse W | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Underestimated effect sizes in GWAS: fundamental limitations of single SNP analysis for dichotomous phenotypes. | Stringer S et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A commentary on 'common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height' by Yang et al. (2010). | Visscher PM et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Adaptation of redband trout in desert and montane environments. | Narum SR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| An alternative to the search for single polymorphisms: toward molecular personality scales for the five-factor model. | McCrae RR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| A simple and fast two-locus quality control test to detect false positives due to batch effects in genome-wide association studies. | Lee SH et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| A unifying framework for evaluating the predictive power of genetic variants based on the level of heritability explained. | So HC et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Being more realistic about the public health impact of genomic medicine. | Hall WD et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height. | Yang J et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Common variants in SLC17A3 gene affect intra-personal variation in serum uric acid levels in longitudinal time series. | Polasek O et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Comparing apples and oranges: equating the power of case-control and quantitative trait association studies. | Yang J et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Evaluation of a brief web-based genetic feedback intervention for reducing alcohol-related health risks associated with ALDH2. | Hendershot CS et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Evaluation of the discriminative accuracy of genomic profiling in the prediction of common complex diseases. | Moonesinghe R et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Evidence for polygenic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis--the shape of things to come. | International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Explaining the genetic basis of complex quantitative traits through prediction models. | Luaces O et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genetic architecture of complex traits and accuracy of genomic prediction: coat colour, milk-fat percentage, and type in Holstein cattle as contrasting model traits. | Hayes BJ et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genetic cardiovascular risk prediction: will we get there? | Thanassoulis G et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genome-wide association studies and genetic risk assessment of liver diseases. | Krawczyk M et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genomic selection in livestock populations. | Goddard ME et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Imaging genomics. | Thompson PM et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Including copy number variation in association studies to predict genotypic values. | Calus MP et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Linkage analysis of alcohol dependence symptoms in the community. | Hansell NK et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Long-term studies of the natural history of asthma in childhood. | Bisgaard H et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Multi-locus models of genetic risk of disease. | Wray NR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Narrowing the boundaries of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia. | Wray NR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Platform technology to identify potential disease markers and establish heritability and environmental determinants of the human serum N-glycome. | Tharmalingam T et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Practical issues in building risk-predicting models for complex diseases. | Kang J et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Predicting genetic predisposition in humans: the promise of whole-genome markers. | de los Campos G et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Predicting sensation seeking from dopamine genes. A candidate-system approach. | Derringer J et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Predictive and diagnostic genetic testing in psychiatry. | Mitchell PB et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Predictive value of 8 genetic loci for serum uric acid concentration. | Gunjaca G et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Presymptomatic risk assessment for chronic non-communicable diseases. | Padhukasahasram B et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Risk categorization for complex disorders according to genotype relative risk and precision in parameter estimates. | Goddard GH et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Statistical power to detect genetic Loci affecting environmental sensitivity. | Visscher PM et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| The etiology of otosclerosis: a combination of genes and environment. | Schrauwen I et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| The genetic interpretation of area under the ROC curve in genomic profiling. | Wray NR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| The personal genome--the future of personalised medicine? | Samani NJ et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| The role of genetics in the etiology of schizophrenia. | Gejman PV et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Understanding and using quantitative genetic variation. | Hill WG | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Using the realized relationship matrix to disentangle confounding factors for the estimation of genetic variance components of complex traits. | Lee SH et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| What role for genetics in the prediction of multiple sclerosis? | Sawcer S et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Accuracy of breeding values of 'unrelated' individuals predicted by dense SNP genotyping. | Meuwissen TH | โ | 2009 | โ |
| A critical assessment of the factors affecting reporter gene assays for promoter SNP function: a reassessment of -308 TNF polymorphism function using a novel integrated reporter system. | Karimi M et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Analysis of HLA and non-HLA alleles can identify individuals at high risk for celiac disease. | Romanos J et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | International Schizophrenia Consortium et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Confirmation of multiple risk Loci and genetic impacts by a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. | Takeuchi F et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Decanalization and the origin of complex disease. | Gibson G | โ | 2009 | โ |
| From disease association to risk assessment: an optimistic view from genome-wide association studies on type 1 diabetes. | Wei Z et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| GATTACA--are we there yet? | Jowett JB | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Genetic control of human brain transcript expression in Alzheimer disease. | Webster JA et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Genetic risk prediction--are we there yet? | Kraft P et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Genomic selection: prediction of accuracy and maximisation of long term response. | Goddard M | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Harnessing the information contained within genome-wide association studies to improve individual prediction of complex disease risk. | Evans DM et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Increased accuracy of artificial selection by using the realized relationship matrix. | Hayes BJ et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| New insights into the aetiology of colorectal cancer from genome-wide association studies. | Tenesa A et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Prediction of type 2 diabetes: the dawn of polygenetic testing for complex disease. | Meigs JB | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Reliability of genomic predictions across multiple populations. | de Roos AP et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Replication in genome-wide association studies. | Kraft P et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Accuracy of predicting the genetic risk of disease using a genome-wide approach. | Daetwyler HD et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Genetic testing for asthma. | Koppelman GH et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Genome-based prediction of common diseases: advances and prospects. | Janssens AC et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Genome-wide association scan identifies a colorectal cancer susceptibility locus on 11q23 and replicates risk loci at 8q24 and 18q21. | Tenesa A et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes. | Meigs JB et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Heritability in the genomics era--concepts and misconceptions. | Visscher PM et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Molecular diagnosis of celiac disease: are we there yet? | Romanos J et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Predicting functional regulatory polymorphisms. | Torkamani A et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Predicting type 2 diabetes based on polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies: a population-based study. | van Hoek M et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Predicting unobserved phenotypes for complex traits from whole-genome SNP data. | Lee SH et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Prediction of individual genetic risk of complex disease. | Wray NR et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Simultaneous analysis of all SNPs in genome-wide and re-sequencing association studies. | Hoggart CJ et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Sizing up human height variation. | Visscher PM | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Genomic selection. | Goddard ME et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |