Approach to the patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Silveira, LetΓcia Ferreira Gontijo; Latronico, Ana Claudia
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
- PMID
- 23650335
- DOI
- 10.1210/jc.2012-3550
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) or secondary hypogonadism is defined as a clinical syndrome that results from gonadal failure due to abnormal pituitary gonadotropin levels. HH may result from either absent or inadequate hypothalamic GnRH secretion or failure of pituitary gonadotropin secretion. Several congenital and acquired causes, including functional and organic forms, have been associated with this condition. One important aspect of the HH diagnosis is that it may reflect the presence of a tumor of the hypothalamic pituitary region or even a systemic disease. On the other hand, functional forms of HH, characterized by a transient defect in GnRH secretion, are relatively common in women, in response to significant weight loss, exercise, or stress leading to hypothalamic amenorrhea. HH is typically characterized by low circulating sexual steroids associated with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels. The precise and early diagnosis of HH can prevent negative physical and psychological sequelae, preserve normal peak bone mass, and restore the fertility in affected patients.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche. | 2014 | 25231870 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic Basis and Heterogeneity of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. | Silveira LFG et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Kallmann syndrome: Diagnostics and management. | Kumar Yadav R et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Magnetic resonance imaging does not distinguish Kallmann syndrome from normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | KaΕuΕΌna M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy: comparison ofΒ efficacy between functional hypothalamic amenorrhea andΒ congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Everaere H et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Current landscape of fertility induction in males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Dwyer AA et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Fertility Preservation in the Era of Immuno-Oncology: Lights and Shadows. | Silvestris E et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Hormone Regulation in Testicular Development and Function. | Li L et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Mini-Puberty, Physiological and Disordered: Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Replacement. | Rohayem J et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Optimizing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Success in Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Case Study on the Impact of the Shanghai Protocol. | Shaikh R et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Replacement with sex steroids in hypopituitary men and women: implications for gender differences in morbidities and mortality. | Donald DM et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Spectrum of Hypogonadism in Women From Basrah. | Zuhairi AK et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Variety of genetic defects in GnRH and hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and development in normosmic patients with IHH. | KaΕuΕΌna M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| A case of novel mutation in ANOS1 (KAL1) gene and review of Kallmann syndrome. | Arora S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Autism-linked NLGN3 is a key regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. | Oleari R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Gender Disparities in Prolactinomas: Unravelling Clinical Patterns, Metabolic Variations, and Treatment Responses. | Baba MS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Management of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in females. | Naseem H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Metabolic Abnormalities, Inflammatory Markers and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hyperprolactinemia due to Prolactinoma before and after Normalization of Serum Prolactin: A Prospective Case Control Study. | Baba MS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Post-Operative Medium- and Long-Term Endocrine Outcomes in Patients with Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas-Machine Learning Analysis. | Hussein Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| SIN3A Defects Associated with Syndromic Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: An Overlap with Witteveen-Kolk Syndrome. | SchnΓΆll C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| A female with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and review article. | Sugiarto AM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A Multicenter Cohort Study in Patients With Primary Empty Sella: Hormonal and Neuroradiological Features Over a Long Follow-Up. | Carosi G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Anti-MΓΌllerian hormone, an ovarian reserve marker in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Oncul M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Combined omic analyses reveal novel loss-of-function <i>NLGN3</i> variants in GnRH deficiency and autism | Oleari R et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Congenital Micropenis: Etiology And Management. | Stancampiano MR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Good Clinical Practice of the Italian Society of Thalassemia and Haemoglobinopathies (SITE) for the Management of Endocrine Complications in Patients with Haemoglobinopathies. | Casale M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Hypogonadism in adolescent girls: treatment and long-term effects. | Voutsadaki K et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| InΒ vitro fertilization cycle and embryo transfer outcomes in oligoanovulatory patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism vs. polycystic ovary syndrome and compared with normo-ovulatory patients. | Heidenberg RA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Long or Irregular Menstrual Cycles and Risk of Prevalent and Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. | Cho IY et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetics of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Millar AC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea in adolescence-a review and update on diagnosis, management and advances in genetic understanding. | Cham G et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Movement Disorders Associated with Hypogonadism. | Gonzalez-Latapi P et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neuroendocrine manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease. | Manaka K et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| New gene targets in the study of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Good DJ | β | 2021 | β |
| Dizygotic twin sisters with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by an FGFR1 gene variant. | Choe J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Efficacy of follitropin-alpha versus human menopausal gonadotropin for male patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | OrtaΓ§ M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Functional analysis of SEMA3A variants identified in Chinese patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Dai W et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Prospects for FSH Treatment of Male Infertility. | Simoni M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Clinical Management of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. | Young J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Delayed Puberty-Phenotypic Diversity, Molecular Genetic Mechanisms, and Recent Discoveries. | Howard SR et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Endocrine Outcomes After Pituitary Surgery. | Buttan A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Evaluation of gonadotropin-replacement therapy in male patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Ortac M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Hypogonadism and Cryptorchidism. | Rodprasert W et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Impact of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism on ovarian reserve and response. | Cecchino GN et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in young female patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Kang JY et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Replacement of Male Mini-Puberty. | Papadimitriou DT et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and sex-specific risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a retrospective primary care cohort. | O'Reilly MW et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| GnRH in the Human Female Reproductive Axis. | Limonta P et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Male and Female Hypogonadism. | Richard-Eaglin A | β | 2018 | β |
| MRI of ectopic posterior pituitary gland with dysgenesis of pituitary stalk in a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Lahiri AK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| RNA-seq analysis of lncRNA-controlled developmental gene expression during puberty in goat & rat. | Gao X et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Clinical characteristics of 138 Chinese female patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. | Tang RY et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC OR FUNCTIONAL HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM IN MEN: A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. | Liel Y | β | 2017 | β |
| Efficacy and Safety of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Recombinant Human Gonadotropins for Congenital Micropenis during Early Infancyβ©. | Stoupa A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reversal after testosterone replacement in a 34-year-old male. | Rashid O et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Congenital Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. | Lima Amato LG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Sub-chronic indomethacin treatment and its effect on the male reproductive system of albino rats: possible protective role of black tea extract. | Bagoji IB et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Successful pregnancy and live birth from a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism woman with low serum estradiol concentrations despite numerous oocyte maturations: a case report. | Matsumoto K et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Ablation of KNDy Neurons Results in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Amplifies the Steroid-Induced LH Surge in Female Rats. | Mittelman-Smith MA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. | Fleseriu M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Multiple Fractures in Patient with Graves' Disease Accompanied by Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. | Yi HS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Profile of follitropin alpha/lutropin alpha combination for the stimulation of follicular development in women with severe luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. | Rinaldi L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Pubertal development and regulation. | Abreu AP et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. | Boehm U et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair. | Day FR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Molecular insights into the aetiology of female reproductive ageing. | Perry JR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| New horizons in testosterone and the ageing male. | Ahern T et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Potential Clinical Use of Kisspeptin. | Prague JK et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Shared genetic aetiology of puberty timing between sexes and with health-related outcomes. | Day FR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Should human chorionic gonadotropine treatment increase thyroid volume? | Oguz A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health. | Lotti F et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: genetic complexity of a complex disease. | Marino M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Clinical pregnancy in a woman with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and low AMH: utility of ovarian reserve markers in IHH. | Chan C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cost-effectiveness analysis on the use of rFSH + rLH for the treatment of anovulation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal women. | Papaleo E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche. | Perry JR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | Raff H et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pros and cons of GnRHa treatment for early puberty in girls. | Willemsen RH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Sex differences in the physiology of eating. | Asarian L et al. | β | 2013 | β |