The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics.
- Authors
- Calle, Eugenia E; Rodriguez, Carmen; Jacobs, Eric J; Almon, M Lyn; Chao, Ann; McCullough, Marjorie L; Feigelson, Heather S; Thun, Michael J
- Year
- 2002
- Journal
- Cancer
- PMID
- 12015775
- DOI
- 10.1002/cncr.101970
BACKGROUND: Large-scale, prospective cohort studies have played a critical role in discovering factors that contribute to variability in cancer risk in human populations. Epidemiologists and volunteers at the American Cancer Society (ACS) were among the first to establish such cohorts, beginning in the early 1950s and continuing through the present, and these ACS cohorts have made landmark contributions in many areas of epidemiologic research. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort was established in 1992 and was designed to investigate the relation between diet and other lifestyle factors and exposures and the risk of cancer, mortality, and survival. The cohort includes over 84,000 men and 97,000 women who completed a mailed questionnaire in 1992. New questionnaires are sent to surviving cohort members every other year to update exposure information and to ascertain new occurrences of cancer; a 90% response rate was achieved for follow-up questionnaires in 1997 and 1999. Reported cancers are verified through medical records, registry linkage, or death certificates. The cohort is followed actively for all cases of incident cancer and for all causes of death. Through a collaborative effort among ACS national and division staff, volunteers, and the American College of Surgeons, blood samples were collected from a subgroup of 40,000 cohort members and are in storage at a central repository for future investigation of dietary, hormonal, genetic, and other factors and cancer risk. Collection of DNA samples from buccal cells in an additional 50,000 cohort members is underway currently and will be completed in 2002. CONCLUSIONS: This new cohort of both men and women promises to be particularly valuable for the study of cancer occurrence, mortality, and survival as they relate to obesity and weight change, physical activity at various points in life, vitamin supplement use, exogenous hormone use, other medications (such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs) and cancer screening modalities.
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| Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors: the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | Yang B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Circadian disruption and fatal ovarian cancer. | Carter BD et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Daily aspirin use and prostate cancer-specific mortality in a large cohort of men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Dietary fiber and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results from 5 large cohort studies. | Fondell E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Dietary flavonoid and proanthocyanidin intakes and prostate cancer risk in a prospective cohort of US men. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Economic evaluation of using a genetic test to direct breast cancer chemoprevention in white women with a previous breast biopsy. | Green LE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Establishment of the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort colorectal tissue repository. | Campbell PT et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Evidence for an association of dietary flavonoid intake with breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor status is limited. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in nonsmoking men and women. | Diver WR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Impact on cardiovascular disease events of the implementation of Argentina's national tobacco control law. | Konfino J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Leveraging family history in population-based case-control association studies. | Ghosh A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| No association of plasma levels of adiponectin and c-peptide with risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Oophorectomy and hysterectomy and cancer incidence in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Oxidative balance score and risk for incident prostate cancer in a prospective U.S. cohort study. | Lakkur S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Post-GWAS gene-environment interplay in breast cancer: results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium and a meta-analysis on 79,000 women. | Barrdahl M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Serum transforming growth factor-Ξ²1 and risk of pancreatic cancer in three prospective cohort studies. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The spectrum of statin therapy in cancer patients: is there a need for further investigation? | Gonyeau MJ | β | 2014 | β |
| Waist circumference, body mass index, and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. | Thun MJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Active smoking and breast cancer risk: original cohort data and meta-analysis. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association between red and processed meat intake and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Associations of recreational physical activity and leisure time spent sitting with colorectal cancer survival. | Campbell PT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Competing risk bias to explain the inverse relationship between smoking and malignant melanoma. | Thompson CA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cost-effectiveness of a genetic test for breast cancer risk. | Folse HJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium. | Elena JW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Hay Fever and asthma as markers of atopic immune response and risk of colorectal cancer in three large cohort studies. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Invited commentary: reproductive organ surgeries and breast cancer risk--apples, oranges, or fruit cocktail? | Press DJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Magnesium intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results from five large cohort studies. | Fondell E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Obesity-related markers and breast cancer in CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Postmenopausal unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin use and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II Cohort. | Teras LR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Premorbid body mass index and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | O'Reilly ΓJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The relationship between nutrition and prostate cancer: is more always better? | Masko EM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tubal sterilization and breast cancer incidence: results from the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort and meta-analysis. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin-use and risk of bladder cancer in a large cohort study. | Newton CC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Alcohol and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large, prospective cohort of men and women. | Palacios N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association between adult height, genetic susceptibility and risk of glioma. | Kitahara CM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants with advanced prostate cancer risk in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. | Machiela MJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A two-platform design for next generation genome-wide association studies. | Sampson JN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A two-stage random forest-based pathway analysis method. | Chung RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Body mass index at age 25 and all-cause mortality in whites and African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. | Stevens J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women. | Palacios N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Daily aspirin use and cancer mortality in a large US cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. | Stinton LM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Impact of body mass index on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis: the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | Campbell PT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Impact of diabetes mellitus and insulin use on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis: the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | Dehal AN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls. | Timofeeva MN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: a large pooled cohort analysis. | Moore SC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Life-Threatening Disparities: The Treatment of Black and White Cancer Patients. | Penner LA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results from five prospective cohort studies. | Fondell E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Obesity and pancreatic cancer: overview of epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms. | Bracci PM | β | 2012 | β |
| Plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| PPARgamma-PGC-1alpha activity is determinant of alcohol related breast cancer. | Petersen RK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Prediction of breast cancer risk by genetic risk factors, overall and by hormone receptor status. | HΓΌsing A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Problems with the collection and interpretation of Asian-American health data: omission, aggregation, and extrapolation. | Holland AT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Prospective studies of body mass index with head and neck cancer incidence and mortality. | Gaudet MM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Recreational physical activity, leisure sitting time and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort. | Teras LR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Replication of five prostate cancer loci identified in an Asian population--results from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). | LindstrΓΆm S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The association between chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution and ischemic heart disease. | Beckerman BS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The association between cigarette smoking and non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in a large US cohort study. | Diver WR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The chromosome 2p21 region harbors a complex genetic architecture for association with risk for renal cell carcinoma. | Han SS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Weight cycling and mortality in a large prospective US study. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Weight cycling and risk of endometrial cancer. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Y chromosome haplogroups and prostate cancer in populations of European and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. | Wang Z et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A large cohort study of long-term acetaminophen use and prostate cancer incidence. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Biology of obesity: lessons from animal models of obesity. | Kanasaki K et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Characterizing associations and SNP-environment interactions for GWAS-identified prostate cancer risk markers--results from BPC3. | Lindstrom S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Characterizing genetic risk at known prostate cancer susceptibility loci in African Americans. | Haiman CA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Chromosome 8q24 variants are associated with prostate cancer risk in a high risk population of African ancestry. | Okobia MN et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cigarette smoking and the risk of incident and fatal melanoma in a large prospective cohort study. | DeLancey JO et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cost-effectiveness of chemoprevention of breast cancer using tamoxifen in a postmenopausal US population. | Noah-Vanhoucke J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Fine mapping the KLK3 locus on chromosome 19q13.33 associated with prostate cancer susceptibility and PSA levels. | Parikh H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Following cancer prevention guidelines reduces risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| High levels of folate from supplements and fortification are not associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Improved imputation of common and uncommon SNPs with a new reference set. | Wang Z et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Interactions between genetic variants and breast cancer risk factors in the breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium. | Campa D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Jewish ethnicity and pancreatic cancer mortality in a large U.S. cohort. | Eldridge RC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Long-term use of cholesterol-lowering drugs and cancer incidence in a large United States cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Multi-center feasibility study evaluating recruitment, variability in risk factors and biomarkers for a diet and cancer cohort in India. | Sinha R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Obesity, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson's disease. | Palacios N et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Smoking and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pooled analysis of 5 prospective cohorts. | Wang H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Vitamin E intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pooled analysis of data from 5 prospective cohort studies. | Wang H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of overweight and obese US women. | Teras LR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A large study of androgen receptor germline variants and their relation to sex hormone levels and prostate cancer risk. Results from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. | LindstrΓΆm S et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium (PanScan). | Michaud DS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Anthropometric measures, body mass index, and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan). | Arslan AA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Change in physical activity and colon cancer incidence and mortality. | Wolin KY et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Characteristics of responders to a request for a buccal cell specimen among survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings. | Ness KK et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of pancreatic cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. | Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of rarer cancers: Design and methods of the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. | Gallicchio L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in 61 genes related to steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I metabolism and breast cancer risk in the NCI breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium. | Canzian F et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Family history of cancer and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan). | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Folate and other one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D levels. | Ahn J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| HNF1B and JAZF1 genes, diabetes, and prostate cancer risk. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Multiple independent loci at chromosome 15q25.1 affect smoking quantity: a meta-analysis and comparison with lung cancer and COPD. | Saccone NL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Performance of common genetic variants in breast-cancer risk models. | Wacholder S et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Postmenopausal hormone use and incident ovarian cancer: Associations differ by regimen. | Hildebrand JS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Prospective study reveals associations between colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin use in men. | Campbell PT et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| PTGS2 and IL6 genetic variation and risk of breast and prostate cancer: results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). | Dossus L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| A genome-wide association study of lung cancer identifies a region of chromosome 5p15 associated with risk for adenocarcinoma. | Landi MT et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium. | Lynch SM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Colorectal cancer incidence and postmenopausal hormone use by type, recency, and duration in cancer prevention study II. | Hildebrand JS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Dietary intake of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. | Daniel CR et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Family history of various cancers and pancreatic cancer mortality in a large cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Fine mapping association study and functional analysis implicate a SNP in MSMB at 10q11 as a causal variant for prostate cancer risk. | Chang BL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genetic polymorphisms of the GNRH1 and GNRHR genes and risk of breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). | Canzian F et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. | Amundadottir L et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Oxidative stress-related genotypes, fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer risk. | Li Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype. | Calle EE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case control study in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Two independent prostate cancer risk-associated Loci at 11q13. | Zheng SL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Use of blood-pressure-lowering medication and risk of prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Rodriguez C et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A prospective study of waist circumference and body mass index in relation to colorectal cancer incidence. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Body mass and endometrial cancer risk by hormone replacement therapy and cancer subtype. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic variation in candidate obesity genes ADRB2, ADRB3, GHRL, HSD11B1, IRS1, IRS2, and SHC1 and risk for breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II. | Feigelson HS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic variation in the toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR10-TLR1-TLR6) and prostate cancer risk. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Haplotypes of the estrogen receptor beta gene and breast cancer risk. | Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Multiple loci identified in a genome-wide association study of prostate cancer. | Thomas G et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Nicotinic receptor gene variants influence susceptibility to heavy smoking. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| No association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism genes with prostate cancer risk. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms and prostate cancer in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes and prostate cancer. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Recreational physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease. | Thacker EL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| SnoRNA U50 is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene at 6q14.3 with a mutation associated with clinically significant prostate cancer. | Dong XY et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Statins and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | Kuoppala J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| TNF polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. | Danforth KN et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Using a commercially available DNA extraction kit to obtain high quality human genomic DNA suitable for PCR and genotyping from 11-year-old saliva saturated cotton spit wads. | Ehli EA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A large cohort study of long-term daily use of adult-strength aspirin and cancer incidence. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A prospective cohort of American Indian and Alaska Native people: study design, methods, and implementation. | Slattery ML et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Body mass index, weight change, and risk of prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Rodriguez C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with lung cancer mortality in a prospective study of never smokers. | Turner MC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Conditional likelihood methods for haplotype-based association analysis using matched case-control data. | Chen J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Consumption of dairy products and risk of Parkinson's disease. | Chen H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genetic variability in iron-related oxidative stress pathways (Nrf2, NQ01, NOS3, and HO-1), iron intake, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. | Hong CC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genetic variation at the CYP19A1 locus predicts circulating estrogen levels but not breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. | Haiman CA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of prostate cancer identifies a second risk locus at 8q24. | Yeager M et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| [Impact of obesity on PSA in prostate cancer screening]. | LarrΓ© S et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Lack of evidence for effect modification by estrogen of association between body mass index and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Quality assessment of buccal versus blood genomic DNA using the Affymetrix 500 K GeneChip. | Woo JG et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Reliability of serum assays of iron status in postmenopausal women. | Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Sedentary behavior, recreational physical activity, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women. | Blanck HM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Sequence variants of estrogen receptor beta and risk of prostate cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. | Chen YC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Successful genome-wide scan in paired blood and buccal samples. | Feigelson HS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Temporal relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of Parkinson disease. | Thacker EL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms, diet, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a nested case-control study. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A comprehensive analysis of the androgen receptor gene and risk of breast cancer: results from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). | Cox DG et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Adult weight gain and histopathologic characteristics of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. | Feigelson HS et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of polymorphisms in the paraoxonase 1 gene with breast cancer incidence in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Cholesterol-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer incidence in a large United States cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Colorectal cancer: epidemiology and health services research. | Hill LB et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Folate nutrition and prostate cancer incidence in a large cohort of US men. | Stevens VL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Haplotype analysis of the HSD17B1 gene and risk of breast cancer: a comprehensive approach to multicenter analyses of prospective cohort studies. | Feigelson HS et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease. | Ascherio A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A candidate gene approach to searching for low-penetrance breast and prostate cancer genes. | Hunter DJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| A large cohort study of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostate cancer incidence. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer incidence in a large U.S. cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease. | Chen H et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Vitamin E intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Ascherio A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Amount, type, and timing of recreational physical activity in relation to colon and rectal cancer in older adults: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. | Chao A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Aspirin use and pancreatic cancer mortality in a large United States cohort. | Jacobs EJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study: design and baseline characteristics of participants. | Bassuk SS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Underuse of screening sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in a large cohort of US adults. | Chao A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Vitamin E supplements and risk of prostate cancer in U.S. men. | Rodriguez C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Weight gain, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective study. | Feigelson HS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A prospective study of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and colon cancer risk. | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and risk of colorectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (United States). | McCullough ML et al. | β | 2003 | β |