The striatal balancing act in drug addiction: distinct roles of direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Lobo, Mary Kay; Nestler, Eric J
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Frontiers in neuroanatomy
- PMID
- 21811439
- DOI
- 10.3389/fnana.2011.00041
- PMCID
- PMC3140647
The striatum plays a key role in mediating the acute and chronic effects of addictive drugs, with drugs of abuse causing long-lasting molecular and cellular alterations in both dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum). Despite the wealth of research on the biological actions of abused drugs in striatum, until recently, the distinct roles of the striatum's two major subtypes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in drug addiction remained elusive. Recent advances in cell-type-specific technologies, including fluorescent reporter mice, transgenic, or knockout mice, and viral-mediated gene transfer, have advanced the field toward a more comprehensive understanding of the two MSN subtypes in the long-term actions of drugs of abuse. Here we review progress in defining the distinct molecular and functional contributions of the two MSN subtypes in mediating addiction.
All drugs of abuse increase dopamine signaling in striatum, which can differentially modulate glutamatergic activity in the two MSN subtypes. In particular, cocaine binds to the dopamine transporter preventing dopamine reuptake into the terminals of VTA dopamine neurons. Activation of Gs/olf coupled D1 receptors enhances PKA activity and alters Ca2+ and K+ conductances to enhance the glutamate mediated "up-state" in these MSNs. In contrast, activation of Gi/Go D2-receptors diminishes PKA activity and alters Ca2+, Na+, and K+ conductances to diminish the glutamate mediated βup-state.β This shifts these MSNs back to their resting βdown-state.β
LLM interpretation
This diagram illustrates the differential effects of dopamine on two types of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. The top pathway shows that D1 receptor activation increases PKA and Cav1 L-type $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ channels while decreasing $\text{K}^+$ and Cav2 $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ channels, enhancing the glutamate-mediated "Up State." The bottom pathway shows that D2 receptor activation decreases PKA, Cav1 L-type $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ channels, and $\text{Na}^+$ channels while increasing $\text{K}^+$ channels, shifting the neuron back to a "Down State."
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| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | 2017 | 28938182 |
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| Chemogenetic modulation reveals distinct roles of the subthalamic nucleus and its afferents in the regulation of locomotor sensitization to amphetamine in rats. | Nakata KG et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain modulates circadian liver metabolomic profiles. | Cervantes M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Members of the KCTD family are major regulators of cAMP signaling. | Muntean BS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Mu Opioid Receptors Acutely Regulate Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Glutamate Afferents. | Adhikary S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Nicotine self-administration and ERK signaling are altered in RasGRF2 knockout mice. | Morella I et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| NPAS4 supports drug-cue associations and relapse-like behavior through regulation of the cell type-specific activation balance in the nucleus accumbens | Hughes BW et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Reducing local synthesis of estrogen in the tubular striatum promotes attraction to same-sex odors in female mice. | Wright KN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Role of neuropeptide neuromedin U in the nucleus accumbens shell in cocaine self-administration in male rats. | Kasper JM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Similarities and differences between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder: A large-scale network study. | Zheng YB et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The BDNF-TrkB Pathway Acts Through Nucleus Accumbens D2 Expressing Neurons to Mediate Stress Susceptible Outcomes. | Pagliusi M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The effects of early life stress on impulsivity. | Sanchez EO et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens as Circadian Oscillators: Implications for Drug Abuse and Substance Use Disorders. | Becker-Krail DD et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| A novel approach to treating opioid use disorders: Dual agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y<sub>2</sub> receptors. | Merkel R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| cAMP-Fyn signaling in the dorsomedial striatum direct pathway drives excessive alcohol use. | Ehinger Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cannabinoid type 1 receptors in A2a neurons contribute to cocaine-environment association. | Turner BD et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Circuit selectivity in drug versus natural reward seeking behaviors. | Nall RW et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cocaine-Dependent Acquisition of Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference Requires D1 Dopaminergic Signaling through a Cyclic AMP, NCS-Rapgef2, ERK, and Egr-1/Zif268 Pathway. | Jiang SZ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cocaine-induced neuron subtype mitochondrial dynamics through Egr3 transcriptional regulation. | Cole SL et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cocaine-related DNA methylation in caudate neurons alters 3D chromatin structure of the IRXA gene cluster. | Vaillancourt K et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Cocaine shifts dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity to gate conditioned behaviors. | Gong S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Disrupting D1-NMDA or D2-NMDA receptor heteromerization prevents cocaine's rewarding effects but preserves natural reward processing. | Andrianarivelo A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Dopamine D2 receptor overexpression in the nucleus accumbens core induces robust weight loss during scheduled fasting selectively in female mice. | Welch AC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Effects of chemogenetic manipulation of the nucleus accumbens core in male C57BL/6J mice. | Townsley KG et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Endocannabinoid Modulation of Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuitry and Terminal Dopamine Release. | Covey DP et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Extinction blunts paraventricular thalamic contributions to heroin relapse. | Giannotti G et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Facilitating mGluR4 activity reverses the long-term deleterious consequences of chronic morphine exposure in male mice. | Becker JAJ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Fluoxetine Potentiates Oral Methylphenidate-Induced Gene Regulation in the Rat Striatum. | Moon C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| From Circuits to Chromatin: The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Mental Health. | Mews P et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Glutamatergic Systems and Memory Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Addiction. | Heinsbroek JA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Heroin Seeking and Extinction From Seeking Activate Matrix Metalloproteinases at Synapses on Distinct Subpopulations of Accumbens Cells. | Chioma VC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Heteromerization of dopaminergic receptors in the brain: Pharmacological implications. | Misganaw D | β | 2021 | β |
| Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior. | Domi E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| NMDA Receptors in Accumbal D1 Neurons Influence Chronic Sugar Consumption and Relapse. | Wei S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Potential role of primed microglia during obesity on the mesocorticolimbic circuit in autism spectrum disorder. | Trujillo Villarreal LA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Stress-induced alterations of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. | Quessy F et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Striatal RGS7 Regulates Depression-Related Behaviors and Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference. | Sutton LP et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The changing opioid crisis: development, challenges and opportunities. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The contribution of medium spiny neuron subtypes in the nucleus accumbens core to compulsive-like ethanol drinking. | Sneddon EA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Topographic transcriptomics of the nucleus accumbens shell: Identification and validation of fatty acid binding protein 5 as target for cocaine addiction. | Crofton EJ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A Critical Role of Basolateral Amygdala-to-Nucleus Accumbens Projection inΒ Sleep Regulation of Reward Seeking. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy in the nucleus accumbens opposes cocaine-induced behaviors of mice. | Lu HF et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuates oxycodone taking and seeking without compromising the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in rats. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Acute Regulation of the Arousal-Enhancing Drugs Caffeine and Modafinil on Class IIa HDACs In Vivo and In Vitro: Focus on HDAC7. | Bernardi A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| A Neural System that Represents the Association of Odors with Rewarded Outcomes and Promotes Behavioral Engagement. | Gadziola MA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| A virtual issue highlighting animal studies of eating disorders as valuable tools for examining neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of eating disorders. | Fowler N et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cell-Type- and Endocannabinoid-Specific Synapse Connectivity in the Adult Nucleus Accumbens Core. | Deroche MA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cocaine-mediated circadian reprogramming in the striatum through dopamine D2R and PPARΞ³ activation. | Brami-Cherrier K et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer expression in key brain regions of rat and higher species: Upregulation in rat striatum after cocaine administration. | Hasbi A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Dopamine response gene pathways in dorsal striatum MSNs from a gene expression viewpoint: cAMP-mediated gene networks. | Babenko VN et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Endocannabinoid LTD in Accumbal D1 Neurons Mediates Reward-Seeking Behavior. | Bilbao A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Enhanced GABAergic Inhibition of Cholinergic Interneurons in the zQ175<sup>+/-</sup> Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. | Lim SAO et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| In vivo reduction of striatal D1R by RNA interference alters expression of D1R signaling-related proteins and enhances methamphetamine addiction in male rats. | Kreisler AD et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Molecular neurological correlates of endorphinergic/dopaminergic mechanisms in reward circuitry linked to endorphinergic deficiency syndrome (EDS). | Blum K et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Neurological correlates of brain reward circuitry linked to opioid use disorder (OUD): Do homo sapiens acquire or have a reward deficiency syndrome? | Gold MS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Parallel Social Information Processing Circuits Are Differentially Impacted in Autism. | Lewis EM et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Relapse-Associated Transient Synaptic Potentiation Requires Integrin-Mediated Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and Cofilin in D1-Expressing Neurons. | Garcia-Keller C et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Role of nucleus accumbens core but not shell in incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence. | Rossi LM et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| SCH23390 Reduces Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal LTD. | Avchalumov Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Sex Differences and the Role of Estradiol in Mesolimbic Reward Circuits and Vulnerability to Cocaine and Opiate Addiction. | Kokane SS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Sex-Specific Role for Egr3 in Nucleus Accumbens D2-Medium Spiny Neurons Following Long-Term Abstinence From Cocaine Self-administration. | Engeln M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Stress and the dopaminergic reward system. | Baik JH | β | 2020 | β |
| The Opioid-Addicted Tetrapartite Synapse. | Kruyer A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Time and region-dependent manner of increased brain derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in rat brain after binge-like methamphetamine exposure. | Moreira da Silva Santos A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| VTA Glutamate Neuron Activity Drives Positive Reinforcement Absent Dopamine Co-release. | Zell V et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Vulnerability to helpless behavior is regulated by the circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME in the mouse nucleus accumbens. | Porcu A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Allostatic Changes in the cAMP System Drive Opioid-Induced Adaptation in Striatal Dopamine Signaling. | Muntean BS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Alterations in Striatal microRNA-mRNA Networks Contribute to Neuroinflammation in Multiple System Atrophy. | Kim T et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A Mechanism Linking Two Known Vulnerability Factors for Alcohol Abuse: Heightened Alcohol Stimulation and Low Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors. | Bocarsly ME et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A novel role for the actin-binding protein drebrin in regulating opiate addiction. | Martin JA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Nucleus Accumbens Synaptic Plasticity and Cocaine Reward Sensitivity by the Circadian Protein, NPAS2. | Parekh PK et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Chemogenetic inhibition of direct pathway striatal neurons normalizes pathological, cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking in rats. | Yager LM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40Β years of research. | Solinas M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Heroin Cue-Evoked Astrocytic Structural Plasticity at Nucleus Accumbens Synapses Inhibits Heroin Seeking. | Kruyer A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| High-Frequency Activation of Nucleus Accumbens D1-MSNs Drives Excitatory Potentiation on D2-MSNs. | Francis TC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Inhibition of FGF Receptor-1 Suppresses Alcohol Consumption: Role of PI3 Kinase Signaling in Dorsomedial Striatum. | Even-Chen O et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| It is a complex issue: emerging connections between epigenetic regulators in drug addiction. | Anderson EM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Modulating Dopamine Signaling and Behavior with Chemogenetics: Concepts, Progress, and Challenges. | Runegaard AH et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| NF1-cAMP signaling dissociates cell type-specific contributions of striatal medium spiny neurons to reward valuation and motor control. | Sutton LP et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Possible involvement of nucleus accumbens D1-like dopamine receptors in the morphine-induced condition place preference in the offspring of morphine abstinent rats. | Sadat-Shirazi MS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Reward, Relief and Habit Drinking: Initial Validation of a Brief Assessment Tool. | Grodin EN et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Role of Mesolimbic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Depression. | Koo JW et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 Gene Polymorphism (<i>ANKK1</i><i>Taq1A</i>) and Personality Traits in Addicted Subjects. | Grzywacz A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Projection Targets of Medium Spiny Neurons Govern Cocaine-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens. | Baimel C et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The role of fibroblast growth factor 2 in drug addiction. | Even-Chen O et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Selective RhoA Inhibitor Rhosin Promotes Stress Resiliency Through Enhancing D1-Medium Spiny Neuron Plasticity and Reducing Hyperexcitability. | Francis TC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Ventral Tegmental Area Projection Regulates Glutamatergic Transmission in Nucleus Accumbens. | Yu J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Balance of Go1Ξ± and Go2Ξ± expression regulates motor function via the striatal dopaminergic system. | Baron J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Bidirectional and long-lasting control of alcohol-seeking behavior by corticostriatal LTP and LTD. | Ma T et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Cell-type-specific role for nucleus accumbens neuroligin-2 in depression and stress susceptibility. | Heshmati M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Deconstructing and Reconstructing the Dichotomy That Is Dopamine Receptor-1- and Dopamine Receptor-2-Expressing Neurons. | Kalivas PW | β | 2018 | β |
| Dissociable roles of the nucleus accumbens D1 and D2 receptors in regulating cue-elicited approach-avoidance conflict decision-making. | Nguyen D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Dopamine, the antipsychotic molecule: A perspective on mechanisms underlying antipsychotic response variability. | Amato D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Drug Refraining and Seeking Potentiate Synapses on Distinct Populations of Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons. | Roberts-Wolfe D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Dynorphin and ΞΊ-Opioid Receptor Dysregulation in the Dopaminergic Reward System of Human Alcoholics. | Bazov I et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Electrophysiological properties of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens core of prepubertal male and female Drd1a-tdTomato line 6 BAC transgenic mice. | Cao J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Endogenous dopamine and endocannabinoid signaling mediate cocaine-induced reversal of AMPAR synaptic potentiation in the nucleus accumbens shell. | Ingebretson AE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Endogenous neurosteroids influence synaptic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors during postnatal development. | Belelli D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genetic loss of GluN2B in D1-expressing cell types enhances long-term cocaine reward and potentiation of thalamo-accumbens synapses. | Joffe ME et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Hippocampal-Evoked Feedforward Inhibition in the Nucleus Accumbens. | Scudder SL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Interrogating the Spatiotemporal Landscape of Neuromodulatory GPCR Signaling by Real-Time Imaging of cAMP in Intact Neurons and Circuits. | Muntean BS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Nucleus Accumbens Modulation in Reward and Aversion. | Klawonn AM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Regional Heterogeneity of D2-Receptor Signaling in the Dorsal Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens. | Marcott PF et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens: Lessons Learned from Experience. | Turner BD et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Withdrawal from repeated morphine administration augments expression of the RhoA network in the nucleus accumbens to control synaptic structure. | Cahill ME et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Activation of Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Complex Attenuates Cocaine Reward and Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking through Inhibition of DARPP-32, ERK, and ΞFosB. | Hasbi A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alterations of expression of inflammation/immune-related genes in the dorsal and ventral striatum of adult C57BL/6J mice following chronic oxycodone self-administration: a RNA sequencing study. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A Role for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1Ξ± in Nucleus Accumbens Neuron Subtypes in Cocaine Action. | Chandra R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Arresting the Development of Addiction: The Role of <i>Ξ²</i>-Arrestin 2 in Drug Abuse. | Porter-Stransky KA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Awake whole-brain functional connectivity alterations in the adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rat feature visual streams and striatal networks. | Poirier GL et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Characterising the developmental profile of human embryonic stem cell-derived medium spiny neuron progenitors and assessing mature neuron function using a CRISPR-generated human DARPP-32<sup>WT/eGFP-AMP</sup> reporter line. | Hunt CPJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Cocaine-induced synaptic structural modification is differentially regulated by dopamine D1 and D3 receptors-mediated signaling pathways. | Zhang L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Comprises a Metabolic-Cognitive Brain Interface Regulating Metabolic Components of Glucose Reinforcement. | Michaelides M et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Drp1 Mitochondrial Fission in D1 Neurons Mediates Behavioral and Cellular Plasticity during Early Cocaine Abstinence. | Chandra R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Effect of optogenetic manipulation of accumbal medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. | Kang BJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Food restriction induces synaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in nucleus accumbens. | Ouyang J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| GluN1 deletions in D1- and A2A-expressing cell types reveal distinct modes of behavioral regulation. | Joffe ME et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction. | George O et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Loss of Plasticity in the D2-Accumbens Pallidal Pathway Promotes Cocaine Seeking. | Heinsbroek JA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Molecular and Circuit-Dynamical Identification of Top-Down Neural Mechanisms for Restraint of Reward Seeking. | Kim CK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Nicotine-induced and D1-receptor-dependent dendritic remodeling in a subset of dorsolateral striatum medium spiny neurons. | Ehlinger DG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Nuclear Arc Puts a Brake on Cocaine-Induced Chromatin Remodeling and Behaviors. | Lobo MK | β | 2017 | β |
| Suppression of inhibitory G protein signaling in forebrain pyramidal neurons triggers plasticity of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens core. | Marron Fernandez de Velasco E et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Temporally precise labeling and control of neuromodulatory circuits in the mammalian brain. | Lee D et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | Prom-Wormley EC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The role of the habenula in the transition from reward to misery in substance use and mood disorders. | Batalla A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Ventrolateral Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons Positively Regulate Food-Incentive, Goal-Directed Behavior Independently of D1 and D2 Selectivity. | Natsubori A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| WAVE1 in neurons expressing the D1 dopamine receptor regulates cellular and behavioral actions of cocaine. | Ceglia I et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A Critical Role for the GluA1 Accessory Protein, SAP97, in Cocaine Seeking. | White SL et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Adolescent nicotine-induced dendrite remodeling in the nucleus accumbens is rapid, persistent, and D1-dopamine receptor dependent. | Ehlinger DG et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Advances and challenges in pharmacotherapeutics for amphetamine-type stimulants addiction. | Cao DN et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Cocaine Experience Enhances Thalamo-Accumbens N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Function. | Joffe ME et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Convergence of Reinforcing and Anhedonic Cocaine Effects in the Ventral Pallidum. | Creed M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Gamma-Aminobutyric Acidergic Projections From the Dorsal Raphe to the Nucleus Accumbens Are Regulated by Neuromedin U. | Kasper JM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Protein Changes in the Striatum during Chronic Ethanol Use and Early Withdrawal. | Ayers-Ringler JR et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Opposing mechanisms mediate morphine- and cocaine-induced generation of silent synapses. | Graziane NM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Prefrontal Cortex to Accumbens Projections in Sleep Regulation of Reward. | Liu Z et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Reappraising striatal D1- and D2-neurons in reward and aversion. | Soares-Cunha C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Regulation of dopaminergic markers expression in response to acute and chronic morphine and to morphine withdrawal. | GarcΓa-PΓ©rez D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Reward from bugs to bipeds: a comparative approach to understanding how reward circuits function. | Scaplen KM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Stress and Cocaine Trigger Divergent and Cell Type-Specific Regulation of Synaptic Transmission at Single Spines in Nucleus Accumbens. | Khibnik LA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Neural Representation of Goal-Directed Actions and Outcomes in the Ventral Striatum's Olfactory Tubercle. | Gadziola MA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis. | Scofield MD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Ventral Pallidum: Proposed Integrator of Positive and Negative Factors in Cocaine Abuse. | James MH et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Aberrant approach-avoidance conflict resolution following repeated cocaine pre-exposure. | Nguyen D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Aversive stimuli drive drug seeking in a state of low dopamine tone. | Twining RC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cannabinoid modulation of drug reward and the implications of marijuana legalization. | Covey DP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Coding the direct/indirect pathways by D1 and D2 receptors is not valid for accumbens projections. | Kupchik YM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Concurrent maternal and pup postnatal tobacco smoke exposure in Wistar rats changes food preference and dopaminergic reward system parameters in the adult male offspring. | Pinheiro CR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Corticostriatal microRNAs in addiction. | Heyer MP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Episodic sucrose intake during food restriction increases synaptic abundance of AMPA receptors in nucleus accumbens and augments intake of sucrose following restoration of ad libitum feeding. | Peng XX et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Fluoxetine potentiation of methylphenidate-induced gene regulation in striatal output pathways: potential role for 5-HT1B receptor. | Van Waes V et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Neuronal correlates of depression. | Chaudhury D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Nucleus accumbens medium spiny neuron subtypes mediate depression-related outcomes to social defeat stress. | Francis TC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Opposing role for Egr3 in nucleus accumbens cell subtypes in cocaine action. | Chandra R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Oxytocin: parallel processing in the social brain? | DΓΆlen G | β | 2015 | β |
| PDE and cognitive processing: beyond the memory domain. | Heckman PR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| PKA-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 does not correlate with translation efficiency in striatonigral and striatopallidal medium-sized spiny neurons. | Biever A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Role of basolateral amygdala dopamine D2 receptors in impulsive choice in acute cocaine-treated rats. | Li Y et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Role of Dopamine Type 1 Receptors and Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein Mr 32 kDa in Ξ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Mediated Induction of ΞFosB in the Mouse Forebrain. | Lazenka MF et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Sex- and SERT-mediated differences in stimulated serotonin revealed by fast microdialysis. | Yang H et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The absence of VGLUT3 predisposes to cocaine abuse by increasing dopamine and glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens. | Sakae DY et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in nicotine aversion and withdrawal. | Antolin-Fontes B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The ins and outs of the striatum: role in drug addiction. | Yager LM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Addiction science: Uncovering neurobiological complexity. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment induces adaptations in adult midbrain dopamine neurons, which underpin sexually dimorphic behavioral resilience. | Virdee K et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Biological substrates of addiction. | Joffe ME et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cellular and behavioral outcomes of dorsal striatonigral neuron ablation: new insights into striatal functions. | RΓ©vy D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Chronic pain. Decreased motivation during chronic pain requires long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens. | Schwartz N et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cocaine exposure reorganizes cell type- and input-specific connectivity in the nucleus accumbens. | MacAskill AF et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cocaine-induced changes in NMDA receptor signaling. | Ortinski PI | β | 2014 | β |
| Convergence of dopamine and glutamate signaling onto striatal ERK activation in response to drugs of abuse. | Cahill E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| CREB activity in dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons regulates cocaine-induced behavioral effects. | Bilbao A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders. | Vadnie CA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Natural neural projection dynamics underlying social behavior. | Gunaydin LA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Optogenetics reveals a role for accumbal medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. | Song SS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pharmacogenetic and optical dissection for mechanistic understanding of Parkinson's disease: potential utilities revealed through behavioural assessment. | Sharma P et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pharmacology of novel synthetic stimulants structurally related to the "bath salts" constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). | Marusich JA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Reverse pharmacogenetic modulation of the nucleus accumbens reduces ethanol consumption in a limited access paradigm. | Cassataro D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Sex-dependent diversity in ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurons and developmental programing: A molecular, cellular and behavioral analysis. | Gillies GE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Striatal direct and indirect pathways control decision-making behavior. | Macpherson T et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Targeted expression of ΞΌ-opioid receptors in a subset of striatal direct-pathway neurons restores opiate reward. | Cui Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The vital role of constitutive GPCR activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system. | Meye FJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Ξ²-catenin mediates stress resilience through Dicer1/microRNA regulation. | Dias C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Addiction-related gene regulation: risks of exposure to cognitive enhancers vs. other psychostimulants. | Steiner H et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Adenosine A1 and dopamine d1 receptor regulation of AMPA receptor phosphorylation and cocaine-seeking behavior. | Hobson BD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cocaine-induced adaptations in D1 and D2 accumbens projection neurons (a dichotomy not necessarily synonymous with direct and indirect pathways). | Smith RJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Differential effects of cocaine on histone posttranslational modifications in identified populations of striatal neurons. | Jordi E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Dopamine signaling in reward-related behaviors. | Baik JH | β | 2013 | β |
| Drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking in mice: increased excitability of medium-sized spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. | Ma YY et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Effects of sodium butyrate on methamphetamine-sensitized locomotor activity. | Harkness JH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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