smoking risk_factor_for mood disorders

Subject: smoking
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: mood disorders
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned. (2012) PMID:21042317 cited

Smoking is associated with depression

confidence: 0.95

Genome-wide association for major depressive disorder: a possible role for the presynaptic protein piccolo. (2009) PMID:19065144 cited

Cases ... were more often smokers, consistent with known correlates of MDD.

confidence: 0.95