cigarettes risk_factor_for death
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness - United States, 2009-2011.
(2013)
PMID:23388551
cited
Cigarette smoking causes approximately 443,000 premature deaths in the United States annually...
confidence: 0.97
One SNP linked to two diseases-addiction and cancer: a double whammy? Nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility.
(2008)
PMID:18936755
cited
cigarette smoking ... causing some five million premature deaths around the world every year
confidence: 0.94