traumatic stress associated_with smoking

Subject: traumatic stress
Relation: associated_with
Object: smoking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (1 sources)

Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness - United States, 2009-2011. (2013) PMID:23388551 cited

experiences of traumatic stress, which has been shown to be associated with both depressed affect and smoking

confidence: 0.95