physical abuse risk_factor_for suicide

only if suicide was accompanied with a history of childhood maltreatment

reduced SLC6A4 expression has been linked with suicidal behavior, particularly in individuals that experienced childhood maltreatment

controlling for other potentially causal influences (e.g., childhood sexual abuse, other substance use)

Covariates were required to have onset prior to or same year as alcohol use, ensuring they occurred before the age of onset of SA.

Maltreated children are up to 5 times more likely to attempt suicide.

indicators of childhood family dysfunction (family violence, ...) predict suicidal behaviors