Early onset alcohol use and self-harm: a discordant twin analysis.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Few, Lauren R; Werner, Kimberly B; Sartor, Carolyn E; Grant, Julia D; Trull, Timothy J; Nock, Matthew K; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Deitz, Sarah K; Glowinski, Anne L; Martin, Nicholas G; Nelson, Elliot C; Statham, Dixie J; Madden, Pamela A F; Heath, Andrew C; Lynskey, Michael T; Agrawal, Arpana
Year: 2015
Journal: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
PMID: 26463647
DOI: 10.1111/acer.12889
PMCID: PMC4729363

#	Section	Preview
0	METHOD — Participants	The sample consisted of 9,591 adult twins from the Australian Twin Registry assessed in two separate…
1	METHOD — Measures	All variables were assessed via interview using the Australian version of the Semi-Structured…
2	METHOD — Measures — Early Onset Alcohol Use	To assess EAU, participants who reported ever drinking in their lifetime were asked, “How old were…
3	METHOD — Measures — Self-Harm	The two self-harm variables were also dichotomously coded as 0 (“No) or 1 (“Yes”). For SA,…
4	METHOD — Measures — Self-Harm	of onset was not assessed for NSSI. For participants endorsing SA or NSSI, additional questions were…
5	METHOD — Measures — Clinical Covariates	Several clinical covariates were included in the analyses. In order for a covariate to be considered…
6	METHOD — Measures — Clinical Covariates	abuse was assessed by asking participants if they were ever forced into sexual intercourse or sexual…
7	METHOD — Measures — Clinical Covariates	problems, defined as the presence of one or more conduct disorder symptoms (e.g., physical fighting,…
8	METHOD — Measures — Data Analysis	All of the data preparation and descriptive analyses were conducted using SAS. STATA was used for…
9	METHOD — Measures — Data Analysis	the age of 15, 3) individuals from discordant twin pairs who reported early onset alcohol use, and…
10	METHOD — Measures — Data Analysis	The discordant MZ and DZ twin pairs were then utilized in conditional logistic regression analyses…
11	Results — Characterizing self-harm and its associations with EAU	The tetrachoric correlation between NSSI and SA was .53 (p<.01). Of the 6,082 twins retained in the…
12	Results — Characterizing self-harm and its associations with EAU	There was no evidence for significant differences in features of SA or NSSI in those reporting EAU…
13	Results — Prevalence of early onset alcohol use, self-harm and clinical covariates	Table 1 provides the prevalence of EAU and clinical covariates among twin individuals with and…
14	Results — Prevalence of early onset alcohol use, self-harm and clinical covariates	All clinical covariates were significantly associated with self-harm variables (see Supplemental…
15	Results — Prevalence of early onset alcohol use, self-harm and clinical covariates	The prevalence of SA and NSSI in the full sample most closely approximated estimates from…
16	Results — Early onset alcohol use and risk for self-harm	The mean discordance within twin pairs for EAU was 3.61 years. Within the discordant pairs (Table…
17	Results — Early onset alcohol use and risk for self-harm	Finally, the zygosity interaction term, reflecting whether the strength of the association differed…
18	Results — Early onset alcohol use and risk for self-harm	As the zygosity difference indicated the role of overlapping genetic but not individual-specific…
19	Results — Early onset alcohol use and risk for self-harm	We also conducted a number of sensitivity analyses. To examine whether our results were sensitive to…

Name	Type
adolescents	cohort
adolescent sample	cohort
adult sample	cohort
African‑American Cohort local	cohort
age at first drink	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
alcohol abuse	phenotype
alcohol dependence	phenotype
Alcohol Use	phenotype
Alcohol Use Disorder	phenotype
anhedonia	phenotype
Australian Caucasian Cohort local	cohort
Australian population	cohort
Australian Twin Registry	cohort
Being Drunk local	phenotype
borderline personality disorder	phenotype
burning local	phenotype
cannabis use	phenotype
Concordant Twin Pairs local	cohort
conduct disorder	phenotype
current study	cohort
cutting local	phenotype
depression	phenotype
disinhibition	phenotype
drinking heavily local	drug
early alcohol use	phenotype
Early sex	phenotype
early smoking	phenotype
early substance use	phenotype
EAU local	drug
EAU exposed twin in discordant pairs local	cohort
European‑American Cohort local	cohort
excessive alcohol consumption	phenotype
Excessive Alcohol Use local	drug
Familial support local	phenotype
Family history of excessive alcohol use local	phenotype
family history of suicide local	phenotype
Family history of suicide local	phenotype
feeling depressed local	phenotype
fighting	phenotype
frontal cortex	anatomy
full sample	cohort
hanging local	phenotype
heavy drinking	phenotype
Hurting animals local	phenotype
impulsivity	phenotype
inhibitory control	phenotype
Later-onset Users local	cohort
lifetime alcohol use	phenotype
Lifetime non-drinkers local	phenotype
marijuana	phenotype
medication ingestion local	phenotype
MSM local	cohort
MZF local	cohort
negative urgency	phenotype
non-drinking controls local	cohort
non-suicidal self-injury local	phenotype
Non-suicidal self-injury local	phenotype
Non‑suicidal self‑injury local	phenotype
Non-suicidal Self-Injury local	phenotype
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury local	phenotype
Non‑Suicidal Self‑Injury local	phenotype
NSSI local	phenotype
other substances	phenotype
participants	cohort
Peer approval of alcohol local	phenotype
peer delinquency	phenotype
peer use	phenotype
physical abuse	phenotype
Poor Clinical Outcomes local	phenotype
poor inhibitory control	phenotype
positive parenting	phenotype
risk-taking behavior	phenotype
Risky Behavior count local	phenotype
SA	phenotype
Same-sex monozygotic twins local	cohort
Same-sex Twins local	cohort
self-harm	phenotype
self-reported impulsivity	phenotype
sex	phenotype
Shoplifting local	phenotype
singletons	cohort
strange thoughts local	phenotype
study cohort	cohort
suicide	phenotype
Twin cohort	cohort
Twin pairs concordant for Excessive alcohol use local	cohort
Twin pairs concordant for no Excessive alcohol use local	cohort
Unexposed twin in discordant pairs local	cohort
using drugs local	drug

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