Several clinical covariates were included in the analyses. In order for a covariate to be considered present, the age of onset had to occur either prior to or within the same year as the age of onset of alcohol use, thereby ensuring that it also occurred in the same year or prior to the age of onset of SA (although for NSSI, this could not be determined because of the lack of age of onset assessment). Dichotomous covariates included (a) Depressed mood was assessed by asking participants if there has “ever been two weeks or more when you were depressed or down most of the day, nearly every day.” (b) Anhedonia was operationalized as a two week period of being “a lot less interested in most things or unable to enjoy the things you need to enjoy.” (c) Childhood sexual abuse was assessed by asking participants if they were ever forced into sexual intercourse or sexual activity before the age of 18. (d) Family history of suicide was determined by having participants report on whether one of their relatives had
