oppositional defiant disorder risk_factor_for substance use
Evidence from:
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Evidence (2 sources)
From child maltreatment to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: a developmental cascade model.
(2010)
PMID:20883588
cited
Disruptive behavior problems, including ... oppositional defiant disorder, are routinely identified as major contributors to adolescent substance use.
confidence: 0.94
The enrichment study of the Minnesota twin family study: increasing the yield of twin families at high risk for externalizing psychopathology.
(2009)
PMID:19803776
cited
ODD ... are both comorbid with substance use disorders and forecast their development
confidence: 0.95