The enrichment study of the Minnesota twin family study: increasing the yield of twin families at high risk for externalizing psychopathology.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Keyes, Margaret A; Malone, Stephen M; Elkins, Irene J; Legrand, Lisa N; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies
- PMID
- 19803776
- DOI
- 10.1375/twin.12.5.489
- PMCID
- PMC2760025
The Enrichment Study (ES) was designed to extend the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) by oversampling 11-year-old twins at especially high risk for substance use disorders by virtue of having a childhood disruptive disorder. The sample was ascertained from Minnesota birth records. To identify high-risk twins, we conducted telephone screening interviews for parent-reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) as well as indications of academic disengagement. Twins who exceeded a predetermined threshold were invited to participate. To facilitate comparison with the previously ascertained MTFS participants, a random sample of 11-year-old twins was also recruited. As part of the ES study, 499 twin pairs, and their parents, visited the University of Minnesota, where each participant completed a clinical interview, psychophysiological evaluation, and thorough assessment of environmental risk. We were highly successful in recruiting at-risk twins; 52% of the screened male twins and 41% of the screened females met criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD, CD, or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). At the pair level, 63% of the screened pairs had at least one member with a childhood disruptive disorder. This article provides an overview of the study design and includes a review of recent findings using this sample of twins.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 11-year-old cohort local | cohort |
| 11-year-old twins local | cohort |
| 17-year-old twins local | cohort |
| Academic disengagement local | phenotype |
| academic performance | phenotype |
| acetylcholine | drug |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| adolescent-onset substance abuse local | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| Affect dysregulation | phenotype |
| Affiliation with Deviant Peer Models local | phenotype |
| age-20 follow-up local | cohort |
| age of menarche | phenotype |
| agoraphobia | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| anorexia nervosa | phenotype |
| anterior brain structures local | anatomy |
| antisocial personality disorder | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| ASPD | phenotype |
| at-risk twins local | cohort |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | phenotype |
| Autonomic nervous system function local | phenotype |
| Behavioral Deviance local | phenotype |
| behavioral disorders | phenotype |
| Behavioral undercontrol | phenotype |
| binge drinking | phenotype |
| body mass index | phenotype |
| body weight | phenotype |
| borderline personality disorder | phenotype |
| bulimia nervosa | phenotype |
| Caucasian population | cohort |
| CD | phenotype |
| childhood disruptive disorder local | phenotype |
| cognitive ability | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| Conflicted Parental Relationships local | phenotype |
| disinhibitory behavior | phenotype |
| disordered eating | phenotype |
| DSM-III-R diagnoses local | phenotype |
| early maturing girls | phenotype |
| East Asian | cohort |
| eating disorders | phenotype |
| EEG | phenotype |
| electroencephalography activity local | phenotype |
| Enrichment Study local | cohort |
| EROs | phenotype |
| ES design local | cohort |
| ES families local | cohort |
| ES females local | cohort |
| ES recruitment strategy local | cohort |
| ES sample | cohort |
| ES screened local | cohort |
| ES screened males local | cohort |
| ES screened sample local | cohort |
| ES study local | cohort |
| ES twin families local | cohort |
| ES twins local | cohort |
| ES unscreened local | cohort |
| ES unscreened sample local | cohort |
| event-related oscillatory activity local | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| externalizing behavior | phenotype |
| externalizing disorders | phenotype |
| father's occupational status local | phenotype |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| GABA | phenotype |
| GEDI | cohort |
| generalized anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| glutamate | drug |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| height | phenotype |
| high cognitive ability local | phenotype |
| high negative emotionality local | phenotype |
| high-risk pairs local | cohort |
| high-risk twins local | cohort |
| illicit drug use | phenotype |
| inhibitory control | phenotype |
| intellectual disability | phenotype |
| low constraint local | phenotype |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| Mania/hypomania local | phenotype |
| medication | drug |
| methylphenidate | drug |
| Minnesota birth records local | cohort |
| Minnesota-born children local | cohort |
| mother's education local | phenotype |
| MTFS | cohort |
| MTFS cohort local | cohort |
| MTFS twins | cohort |
| negative affect | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| non-participating families local | cohort |
| ODD | phenotype |
| older cohort | cohort |
| Older-cohort twins local | cohort |
| oppositional defiant disorder | phenotype |
| P300 amplitude | phenotype |
| P3 component | phenotype |
| panic disorder | phenotype |
| parental antisociality local | phenotype |
| participating families local | cohort |
| physical disability local | phenotype |
| population | cohort |
| Precocious Social Deviance local | phenotype |
| puberty | phenotype |
| school performance | phenotype |
| screened females local | cohort |
| screened sample local | cohort |
| separation anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| sex hormones | drug |
| social anxiety | phenotype |
| Specific/social anxiety local | phenotype |
| spontaneous oscillatory activity local | phenotype |
| substance abuse | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| twin-family sample local | cohort |
| unscreened ES sample local | cohort |
| unscreened sample local | cohort |
| unselected MTFS twins local | cohort |
| Weak Parental Attachment local | phenotype |
| young adults | cohort |
| younger cohort | cohort |
| Younger-cohort twins local | cohort |
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