Prospective effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and sex on adolescent substance use and abuse.
- Authors
- Elkins, Irene J; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G
- Year
- 2007
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 17909126
- DOI
- 10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1145
CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an early manifestation of externalizing behavior, may identify children at high risk for later substance abuse. However, the ADHD-substance abuse relationship often disappears when co-occurring conduct disorder (CD) is considered. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a prospective relationship between ADHD and the initiation of substance use and disorders, and whether this relationship depends on the ADHD subtype (hyperactive/impulsive or inattentive), CD, or sex. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Dimensional and categorical measures of ADHD and CD were examined via logistic regression analyses in relation to subsequent initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use by 14 years of age and onset of substance use disorders by 18 years of age in a population-based sample of 11-year-old twins (760 female and 752 male twins) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structured interviews were administered to adolescents and their mothers regarding substance use and to generate diagnoses. RESULTS: For boys and girls, hyperactivity/impulsivity predicted initiation of all types of substance use, nicotine dependence, and cannabis abuse/dependence (for all, P < .05), even when controlling for CD at 2 time points. By contrast, relationships between inattention and substance outcomes disappeared when hyperactivity/impulsivity and CD were controlled for, with the possible exception of nicotine dependence. A categorical diagnosis of ADHD significantly predicted tobacco and illicit drug use only (adjusted odds ratios, 2.01 and 2.82, respectively). A diagnosis of CD between 11 and 14 years of age was a powerful predictor of substance disorders by 18 years of age (all odds ratios, > 4.27). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperactivity/impulsivity predicts later substance problems, even after growth in later-emerging CD is considered, whereas inattention alone poses less risk. Even a single symptom of ADHD or CD is associated with increased risk. Failure in previous research to consistently observe relationships between ADHD and substance use and abuse outcomes could be due to reliance on less-sensitive categorical diagnoses.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurodevelopmental burden in young adults undergoing opioid substitution therapy: The role of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. | Cesco M et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Adherence to Therapy Using Neurostimulation Devices in the Treatment of Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Extraclinical Study. | Calandro A et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Adjunctive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) for Managing Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents with Externalizing Behavior Disorders: An Open-label Trial. | Shukla D et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Analysis of Incidence Trends and Predictions of Acute Hepatitis C in China Based on the Age-Period-Cohort Model. | Hu Q et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| High vs. Low Intensity Behavior Therapy Delivered to Adolescents with ADHD: Potential Adverse Long-Term Effects on Substance Use Outcomes. | Kelley M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Phasic dopamine release in two different rat models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus Lphn3 knockout rats. | Sable HJK et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The risk of alcohol use disorders in young adults with hyperactivity/inattention problems in early adolescence: UK birth cohort study. | Dachew B et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Understanding the Relationships between ADHD Symptoms and Cannabis-Related Consequences among Young Adults. | Minister C et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Causal factors in childhood and adolescence leading to anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A machine learning approach. | Hudson JI et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Exercise Dependency and Overuse Injuries in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. | Ramji AV et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Frequent Pain is Common Among 10-11-Year-Old Children with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. | Berggren SS et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Sex-specific associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and externalizing symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood. | Oluyemi K et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Testing the temporal precedence of family functioning and child psychopathology in the LONGSCAN sample. | Serna A et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| An examination of the effects of ADHD symptoms and sex on the relation between cannabis protective behavioral strategies and cannabis consequences. | Looby A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in adolescence and risk of substance use disorders-A general population-based birth cohort study. | Mustonen A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Smoking Initiation, and Social Integration among Adolescents. | Wise BL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Differential neural processing of value during decision-making in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls. | Lee CY et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Effect of Past Pharmacotherapy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Substance Use Disorder. | Coetzee C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Latent profiles of substance use, early life stress, and attention/externalizing problems and their association with neural correlates of reinforcement learning in adolescents. | Crum KI et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The role of parenting in developmental trajectories of risk for adolescent substance use: a bioecological systems cascade model. | Marceau K | β | 2023 | β |
| ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters. | Kildal E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey. | Fuller-Thomson E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment Based on Patient Behavior Exhibited in a Car Video Game: A Pilot Study. | Sujar A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and cannabis use after one year among students of the i-Share cohort. | Jean FAM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cascades From Early Adolescent Impulsivity to Late Adolescent Antisocial Personality Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder. | Defoe IN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Differences in alcohol and cannabis use amongst substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Coetzee C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Early Childhood Behavioral and Academic Antecedents of Lifetime Opioid Misuse among Urban Youth. | Rabinowitz JA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neuroprotection in late life attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of pharmacotherapy and phenotype across the lifespan. | Dutta CN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction. | Stueber A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Severity of anabolic steroid dependence, executive function, and personality traits in substance use disorder patients in Norway. | Scarth M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Accurate Prediction of Children's ADHD Severity Using Family Burden Information: A Neural Lasso Approach. | Laria JC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| An assessment of executive function in two different rat models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive versus Lphn3 knockout rats. | Sable HJK et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| An Examination of Blood Cell Membrane Potential as a Diagnostic Test of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children. | Stepanova E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Daily, but not occasional, cannabis use is selectively associated with more impulsive delay discounting and hyperactive ADHD symptoms in binge-drinking young adults. | Petker T et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Emotional symptoms and sensation seeking: Implications for tobacco interventions for youth and young adults. | Bataineh BS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years: The CHAMACOS cohort. | Vernet C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Prevalence of multimodal treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD in Germany: a nationwide study based on health insurance data. | Riedel O et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Which came first: Cannabis use or deficits in impulse control? | Rinehart L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A Bad Start: The Combined Effects of Early Onset Substance Use and ADHD and CD on Criminality Patterns, Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Young Violent Offenders. | Hildebrand KarlΓ©n M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Subtypes, Co-Occurring Psychiatric Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment. | Regan T et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: genetic overlap and causality. | Soler Artigas M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Autistic traits in young adults who gamble. | Grant JE et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cannabis use, cognitive performance, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in community adults. | Petker T et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Comparing the potential causal influence of two indicators of early alcohol use on later alcohol use disorder symptoms. | Davis CN et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Differential implications of persistent, remitted, and late-onset ADHD symptoms for substance abuse in women and men: A twin study from ages 11 to 24. | Elkins IJ et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity. | Howard AL et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Objective Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Using an Infinite Runner-Based Computer Game: A Pilot Study. | Delgado-GΓ³mez D et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Prevalence and characteristics of South African treatment-seeking patients with substance use disorder and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Coetzee C et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Screened Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Predictor of Substance Use Initiation and Escalation in Early Adulthood and the Role of Self-Reported Conduct Disorder and Sensation Seeking: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study with Young Adult Swiss Men. | Moggi F et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The association between early life mental health and alcohol use behaviours in adulthood: A systematic review. | Ning K et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The associations of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions with adolescent brain structure and function: A review. | Kroll DS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The nature and nurture of ADHD and its comorbidities: A narrative review on twin studies. | Tistarelli N et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, risky substance use and substance use disorders: a follow-up study among young men. | EstΓ©vez-Lamorte N et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association between prenatal exposure to household inhalants exposure and ADHD-like behaviors at around 3 years of age: Findings from Shenzhen Longhua Child Cohort Study. | Fang XY et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association of symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and impulsive-aggression with severity of suicidal behavior in adult attempters. | Conejero I et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Correlates of nicotine dependence in men with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 33-year follow-up. | GarcΓa Murillo L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Early childhood child care and disruptive behavior problems during adolescence: a 17-year population-based propensity score study. | Orri M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Living "in the zone": hyperfocus in adult ADHD. | Hupfeld KE et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research. | Wilson S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Momentary fluctuations in impulsivity domains: Associations with a history of childhood ADHD, heavy alcohol use, and alcohol problems. | Pedersen SL et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Neurocognitive Precursors of Substance Misuse Corresponding to Risk, Resistance, and Resilience Pathways: Implications for Prevention Science. | Rose EJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Peer-Influence on Risk-Taking in Male Adolescents with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities and/or Behavior Disorders. | Bexkens A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers. | Kaye S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adult Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Prevalence and Patterns in the Routine Clinical Setting. | Ohnishi T et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Psychiatric comorbid patterns in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Treatment effect and subtypes. | Tsai FJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse. | Andersen SL | β | 2019 | β |
| Associations between childhood ADHD, gender, and adolescent alcohol and marijuana involvement: A causally informative design. | Elkins IJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Associations of ADHD Symptoms With Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Initiation During Adolescence. | Goldenson NI et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Associations of anabolic-androgenic steroid use with other behavioral disorders: an analysis using directed acyclic graphs. | Kanayama G et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Co-occurrence of tobacco product use, substance use, and mental health problems among youth: Findings from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study. | Conway KP et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genetic influences on conduct disorder. | Salvatore JE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Increased Risk of Smoking in Female Adolescents Who Had Childhood ADHD. | Elkins IJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Mediating pathways from childhood ADHD to adolescent tobacco and marijuana problems: roles of peer impairment, internalizing, adolescent ADHD symptoms, and gender. | Elkins IJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Polygenic Score Γ Intervention Moderation: an Application of Discrete-Time Survival Analysis to Model the Timing of First Marijuana Use Among Urban Youth. | Musci RJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Positive expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking and marijuana outcomes in at-risk young adults: A test of the acquired preparedness model. | Curry I et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The gender risk-severity paradox for alcohol use disorder from adolescence through young adulthood. | Foster KT et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The Influences of Described and Experienced Information on Adolescent Risky Decision Making. | Rosenbaum GM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Within-Family Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy on ADHD: the Importance of Phenotype. | Marceau K et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| ADHD symptoms impact smoking outcomes and withdrawal in response to Varenicline treatment for smoking cessation. | Bidwell LC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Nicotine Dependence in Adults. | Bilgi B et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis. | Groenman AP et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Chronic oral methylphenidate treatment reversibly increases striatal dopamine transporter and dopamine type 1 receptor binding in rats. | Robison LS et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Young Adult Males With ADHD. | Ng JW et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Do Stimulants Reduce the Risk for Alcohol and Substance Use in Youth With ADHD? A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective, 24-Month Open-Label Study of Osmotic-Release Methylphenidate. | Hammerness P et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth. | Bold KW et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Factors associated with different smoking status in European adolescents: results of the SEYLE study. | Banzer R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Little Treatments, Promising Effects? Meta-Analysis of Single-Session Interventions forΒ Youth Psychiatric Problems. | Schleider JL et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neural response during anticipation of monetary loss is elevated in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Wilbertz G et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Occupational identity of adolescents with ADHD: A mixed methods study. | Levanon-Erez N et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD in Addicted Patients: What Does the Literature Tell Us? | Carpentier PJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Prediction of incidence and stability of alcohol use disorders by latent internalizing psychopathology risk profiles in adolescence and young adulthood. | Behrendt S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Prevalence and correlates of ADHD in individuals with substance use disorder in Nigeria. | Umar MU et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Addiction severity pattern associated with adult and childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients with addictions. | FatsΓ©as M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Adult ADHD Among NSW Prisoners: Prevalence and Psychiatric Comorbidity. | Moore E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use β a clinical study | Liebrenz M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom profiles and concurrent problems with alcohol and cannabis: sex differences in a representative, population survey. | Kolla NJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Associations between Polygenic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Involvement. | Carey CE et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder casts a long shadow: findings from a population-based study of adult women with self-reported ADHD. | Fuller-Thomson E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Behavioural addiction-A rising tide? | Chamberlain SR et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and the development of adolescent alcohol problems: A prospective, population-based study of Swedish twins. | Quinn PD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Childhood Maltreatment and Development of Substance Use Disorders: A Review and a Model of Cognitive Pathways. | Edalati H et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Cigarette smoking and ADHD: An examination of prognostically relevant smoking behaviors among adolescents and young adults. | Rhodes JD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Cognitive Dysfunction, Affective States, and Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction: A Multifactorial Perspective. | Besson M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Commentary on Salom et al. (2016): Early onset substance use-a key target for prevention and early intervention. | Cheetham A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Cross-generational transmission from drug abuse in parents to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Effect of cocaine on striatal dopamine clearance in a rat model of developmental stress and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Womersley JS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Evidence for Association Between Low Frequency Variants in CHRNA6/CHRNB3 and Antisocial Drug Dependence. | Kamens HM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Functional Adult Outcomes 16 Years After Childhood Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: MTA Results. | Hechtman L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Investigating Progression in Substance Use Initiation Using a Discrete-Time Multiple Event Process Survival Mixture (MEPSUM) Approach. | Richmond-Rakerd LS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among men associated with initiation or escalation of substance use at 15-month follow-up? A longitudinal study involving young Swiss men. | Vogel T et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Precocious Initiation into Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Gambling among Children with Conduct Problems. | Temcheff CE et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study. | Zohsel K et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Prenatal alcohol and other early childhood adverse exposures: Direct and indirect pathways to adolescent drinking. | Cornelius MD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Relationship between Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-second version and psychiatric disorders in youths in welfare and juvenile justice institutions in Switzerland. | Leenarts LE et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Role of overlapping genetic and environmental factors in the relationship between early adolescent conduct problems and substance use in young adulthood. | Verweij KJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Smoking during pregnancy and ADHD risk: A genetically informed, multiple-rater approach. | Knopik VS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls. | NorΓ©n Selinus E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The indirect effects of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on alcohol problems in adulthood through unique facets of impulsivity. | Pedersen SL et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Why are Religiousness and Spirituality Associated with Externalizing Psychopathology? A Literature Review. | Holmes C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| ADHD and Marijuana-Use Expectancies in Young Adulthood. | Harty SC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use - a clinical study. | Liebrenz M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Aiming for remission in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The primary care goal. | Mattingly G et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Antisocial behavior reduces the association between subdimensions of ADHD symptoms and alcohol use in a large population-based sample of adolescents. | LΓΆvenhag S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder with early tobacco and alcohol use. | Brinkman WB et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for drug use disorder: a population-based follow-up and co-relative study. | Sundquist J et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for substance use disorders in relatives. | Skoglund C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cannabis: the never-ending, nefarious nepenthe of the 21st century: what should the clinician know? | Greydanus DE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Childhood Symptoms of ADHD Overrule Comorbidity in Relation to Psychosocial Outcome at Age 15: A Longitudinal Study. | NorΓ©n Selinus E et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder. | AymamΓ N et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Codevelopment of ADHD and externalizing behavior from childhood to adulthood. | Kuja-Halkola R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder complexity and chronicity in treatment-seeking adults. | Young JT et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. | Jensen CM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Comparing two basic subtypes in OCD across three large community samples: a pure compulsive versus a mixed obsessive-compulsive subtype. | Rodgers S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Delinquency and association with behavioral disorders and substance abuse. | DΓ³ria GM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Depression in late adolescence: a cross-sectional study in senior high schools in Greece. | Magklara K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Developmental progression to early adult binge drinking and marijuana use from worsening versus stable trajectories of adolescent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delinquency. | Howard AL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Differences in methylphenidate abuse rates among methadone maintenance treatment patients in two clinics. | Peles E et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Early developmental, temperamental and educational problems in 'substance use disorder' patients with and without ADHD. Does ADHD make a difference? | Skutle A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Explanations and expectations: drug narratives among young cannabis users in treatment. | JΓ€rvinen M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Externalizing disorders and substance use: empirically derived subtypes in a population-based sample of adults. | Rodgers S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Gender differences in the structure of risk for alcohol use disorder in adolescence and young adulthood. | Foster KT et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and alcohol dependence in adulthood: A large population-based twin study. | Capusan AJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| High School Sports Involvement Diminishes the Association Between Childhood Conduct Disorder and Adult Antisocial Behavior. | Samek DR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Identifying Shared Latent Dimensions of Psychological Symptoms: Implications for the Psychological Correlates of Smoking. | Ameringer KJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Medical marijuana: review of the science and implications for developmental-behavioral pediatric practice. | Hadland SE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Methylphenidate misuse in adult patients and the impact of therapeutic use. | Jensen LS et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The stability of alcohol consumption between age 16 and 26: Evidence from a National Birth Cohort Study. | Percy A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| What we do not know about ADHDβ¦ yet. | Kiely B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Who are those "risk-taking adolescents"? Individual differences in developmental neuroimaging research. | Bjork JM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Why the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Matters. | Hamed AM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| ADHD, impulsivity and alcohol abuse: methods, results, and implications. | Clark DB et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and substance use and misuse in adult Australian twins. | De Alwis D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol use disorder in women: Risks and consequences of an adolescent onset and persistent course. | Foster KT et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use Among Missouri Adolescents. | Mulligan RC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes and substance use and use disorders in NESARC. | De Alwis D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Childhood and current ADHD symptom dimensions are associated with more severe cannabis outcomes in college students. | Bidwell LC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Economic hardship and adolescent problem drinking: family processes as mediating influences. | Hardaway CR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Effects of prenatal cocaine/polydrug exposure on substance use by age 15. | Minnes S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Externalizing Disorders and Environmental Risk: Mechanisms of Gene-Environment Interplay and Strategies for Intervention. | Samek DR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Externalizing disorders in adolescence mediate the effects of maternal depression on substance use disorders. | Tartter M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and self-reported problem drinking in 6024 Dutch twins. | Derks EM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Heavy alcohol use in early adulthood as a function of childhood ADHD: developmentally specific mediation by social impairment and delinquency. | Molina BSG et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration in smokers-results from the German Multicenter Study on Nicotine Dependence. | Cohrs S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Parental Warmth and Risks of Substance Use in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings from a 10-12 Year Longitudinal Investigation. | Tandon M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Paternal ADHD symptoms and child conduct problems: is father involvement always beneficial? | Romirowsky AM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pharmacological and clinical dilemmas of prescribing in co-morbid adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addiction. | PΓ©rez de los Cobos J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Predictors of onset of cannabis and other drug use in male young adults: results from a longitudinal study. | Haug S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of the IASP study. | van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Sex differences and the interaction of age and sleep issues in neuropsychological testing performance across the lifespan in an ADD/ADHD sample from the years 1989 to 2009. | Fisher BC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse. | Chang Z et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The complicated relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. | Zulauf CA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The effects of temporally secondary co-morbid mental disorders on the associations of DSM-IV ADHD with adverse outcomes in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). | Kessler RC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The role of early childhood ADHD and subsequent CD in the initiation and escalation of adolescent cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. | Sibley MH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Why adolescents are at risk of misusing alcohol and gambling. | NoΓ«l X | β | 2014 | β |
| Youth tobacco use type and associations with substance use disorders. | Cavazos-Rehg PA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Adolescent brain development, substance use, and psychotherapeutic change. | Wetherill R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Adolescent initiation of drug use: effects of prenatal cocaine exposure. | Richardson GA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Adolescents' fMRI activation to a response inhibition task predicts future substance use. | Mahmood OM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom domains and DSM-IV lifetime substance dependence. | Ameringer KJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A triadic neurocognitive approach to addiction for clinical interventions. | NoΓ«l X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among illicit psychostimulant users: a hidden disorder? | Kaye S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adverse health outcomes. | Nigg JT | β | 2013 | β |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders with co-existing substance use disorder is characterized by early antisocial behaviour and poor cognitive skills. | Bihlar Muld B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Attention problems in childhood and adult substance use. | GalΓ©ra C et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Childhood trajectories of inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional behaviors and prediction of substance abuse/dependence: a 15-year longitudinal population-based study. | Pingault JB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Conduct disorder and initiation of substance use: a prospective longitudinal study. | Hopfer C et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cortical activation deficits during facial emotion processing in youth at high risk for the development of substance use disorders. | Hulvershorn LA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Delinquency, aggression, and attention-related problem behaviors differentially predict adolescent substance use in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. | Harty SC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| First-incidence of DSM-IV mood, anxiety and substance use disorders and its determinants: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. | de Graaf R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Frequency of structural brain abnormalities among adult diagnosed with Attention - Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. | Bakhshani NM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Insomnia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in pediatrics: a checklist for parents. | Yarlagadda A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Is ADHD a risk factor independent of conduct disorder for illicit substance use? A meta-analysis and metaregression investigation. | Serra-Pinheiro MA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Male adolescent substance use disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of the literature. | Eme R | β | 2013 | β |
| Mental disorders associated with driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs: a register-based study. | Karjalainen K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population. | van der Pol P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Predictors of treatment response in adolescents with comorbid substance use disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Tamm L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Prospective effects of adolescent indicators of behavioral disinhibition on DSM-IV alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug dependence in young adulthood. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Relation among HPA and HPG neuroendocrine systems, transmissible risk and neighborhood quality on development of substance use disorder: results of a 10-year prospective study. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Shared and unique genetic contributions to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: a pilot study of six candidate genes. | Carpentier PJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Social and generalized anxiety symptoms and alcohol and cigarette use in early adolescence: the moderating role of perceived peer norms. | Zehe JM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Tests of a direct effect of childhood abuse on adult borderline personality disorder traits: a longitudinal discordant twin design. | Bornovalova MA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The effects of acute nicotine, chronic nicotine, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on performance of a cued appetitive response. | Leach PT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The effects of ADHD in adult substance abusers. | Moura HF et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Time doesn't change everything: the longitudinal course of distress tolerance and its relationship with externalizing and internalizing symptoms during early adolescence. | Cummings JR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Addiction in developmental perspective: influence of conduct disorder severity, subtype, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on problem severity and comorbidity in adults with opioid dependence. | Carpentier PJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric symptoms in recreational polydrug users. | Parrott AC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| An examination of pathways from childhood maltreatment to adolescent binge drinking. | Shin SH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder among former heroin addicts currently in methadone maintenance treatment. | Peles E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. | Bukstein OG | β | 2012 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes in adolescents with comorbid substance-use disorder. | Tamm L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Clinical and functional outcome of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 33 years later. | Klein RG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Coexisting psychiatric problems and stressful life events in adults with symptoms of ADHD--a large Swedish population-based study of twins. | Friedrichs B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Concurrent attenuated reactivity of alpha-amylase and cortisol is related to disruptive behavior in male adolescents. | de Vries-Bouw M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Drinking to distraction: does alcohol increase attentional bias in adults with ADHD? | Roberts W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Emerging association between addictive gaming and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Weinstein A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic etiology of the common liability to drug dependence: evidence of common and specific mechanisms for DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Index of the transmissible common liability to addiction: heritability and prospective associations with substance abuse and related outcomes. | Hicks BM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Lifetime co-morbidity of DSM-IV disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). | Kessler RC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Orbitofrontal reward sensitivity and impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Wilbertz G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Risk factors for illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use in male weightlifters: a cross-sectional cohort study. | Pope HG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Smoking behaviors and attitudes during adolescence prospectively predict support for tobacco control policies in adulthood. | Macy JT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Symptom dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. | Ameringer KJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The effects of childhood ADHD symptoms on early-onset substance use: a Swedish twin study. | Chang Z et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence: advancing towards systems-based approaches. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The influence of sex-linked genetic mechanisms on attention and impulsivity. | Trent S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The lifetime impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). | Bernardi S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The relevance of age at first alcohol and nicotine use for initiation of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorders. | Behrendt S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The role of conduct disorder in the association between ADHD and alcohol use (disorder). Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. | Tuithof M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Twin study of the relationship between adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adult alcohol dependence. | Edwards AC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes. | Willcutt EG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults. | Blomeyer D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alcohol research: past, present, and future. | Gunzerath L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A systematic review of global publication trends regarding long-term outcomes of ADHD. | Hodgkins P et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Behavioral vaccines and evidence-based kernels: nonpharmaceutical approaches for the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. | Embry DD | β | 2011 | β |
| Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and future substance use disorders: comparative meta-analyses. | Charach A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Childhood symptoms of inattention-hyperactivity predict cannabis use in first episode psychosis. | Cassidy CM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence. | Griesler PC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Divergence by ADHD subtype in smoking cessation response to OROS-methylphenidate. | Covey LS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effect of alcohol consumption in prenatal life, childhood, and adolescence on child development. | Foltran F et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD. | Graham J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Features and prevalence of patients with probable adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who request treatment for cocaine use disorders. | PΓ©rez de Los Cobos J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence? | Riala K et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge. | Huang YS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Patterns of substance use in adolescents attending a mental health department. | DΓaz R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Pre-morbid Conduct Disorder symptoms are associated with cannabis use among individuals with a first episode of psychosis. | Malcolm CP et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure predict teen cocaine use. | Delaney-Black V et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prospective association of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use and abuse/dependence: a meta-analytic review. | Lee SS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prospective relationships of ADHD symptoms with developing substance use in a population-derived sample. | Sihvola E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Psychopathology in offspring from families of alcohol dependent female probands: a prospective study. | Hill SY et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Smoking and ADHD: an evaluation of self medication and behavioral disinhibition models based on comorbidity and personality patterns. | Sousa NO et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The Dutch Cannabis Dependence (CanDep) study on the course of frequent cannabis use and dependence: objectives, methods and sample characteristics. | van der Pol P et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The German multi-centre study on smoking-related behavior-description of a population-based case-control study. | Lindenberg A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on preadolescent adjustment may be greater for girls than for boys. | Elkins IJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The impact of conduct disorder and stimulant medication on later substance use in an ethnically diverse sample of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood. | Harty SC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The influence of behavioural and health problems on alcohol and drug use in late adolescence - a follow up study of 2 399 young Norwegians. | Strandheim A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The role of friends' disruptive behavior in the development of children's tobacco experimentation: results from a preventive intervention study. | van Lier PA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The role of mental disorders in the risk and speed of transition to alcohol use disorders among community youth. | Behrendt S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Addiction and cognition. | Gould TJ | β | 2010 | β |
| A mixture-model approach to linking ADHD to adolescent onset of illicit drug use. | Malone PS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| An Open Trial of Sustained Release Bupropion for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults with ADHD plus Substance Use Disorders. | Wilens TE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescence and substance use disorders in adulthood. | Brook DW et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Childhood predictors of later psychiatric hospital treatment: findings from the Finnish 1981 birth cohort study. | Gyllenberg D et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Common genetic contributions to alcohol and cannabis use and dependence symptomatology. | Sartor CE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Delay discounting behavior and white matter microstructure abnormalities in youth with a family history of alcoholism. | Herting MM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Disruptive symptoms in childhood and adolescence and early initiation of tobacco and cannabis use: the Gazel Youth study. | GalΓ©ra C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Effects of atomoxetine on self-reported high-risk behaviors and health-related quality of life in adolescents with ADHD. | Saylor K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Emotional, behavioural problems and cigarette smoking in adolescence: findings of a Greek cross-sectional study. | Giannakopoulos G et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Externalizing behavior problems and cigarette smoking as predictors of cannabis use: the TRAILS Study. | Korhonen T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Externalizing behaviors and cigarette smoking as predictors for use of illicit drugs: a longitudinal study among Finnish adolescent twins. | Korhonen T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| For distinguished contributions to psychophysiology: William G. Iacono. | Miller GA | β | 2010 | β |
| Latent transition models with latent class predictors: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and high school marijuana use. | Reboussin BA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neural circuitry associated with risk for alcohol use disorders. | Tessner KD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Gau SS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Relationship between cigarette smoking and childhood symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in alcohol-dependent adults without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Heffner JL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Smoking, nicotine and neuropsychiatric disorders. | Dome P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The neurobiological basis of ADHD. | Curatolo P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Trait-like impulsivity does not predict escalation of heroin self-administration in the rat. | McNamara R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol intoxication and mental health among adolescents--a population review of 8983 young people, 13-19 years in North-TrΓΈndelag, Norway: the Young-HUNT Study. | Strandheim A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: an update. | Dopheide JA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Behavioral disinhibition: liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. | Young SE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Childhood antecedents of being a cigarette smoker in early adulthood. The Finnish 'From a Boy to a Man' Study. | NiemelΓ€ S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Cognitive functioning in substance abuse and dependence: a population-based study of young adults. | Latvala A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Depressed mood and the effect of two universal first grade preventive interventions on survival to the first tobacco cigarette smoked among urban youth. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Developmental psychopathology: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). | Schmidt S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Distinctions in Behavioral Impulsivity: Implications for Substance Abuse Research. | Dougherty DM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Does parent management training for children with externalizing problem behavior in routine care result in clinically significant changes? | Hautmann C et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Early tobacco smoking in adolescents with externalizing disorders: inferences for reward function. | Aklin WM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: clinical implications. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Heavy drinking is associated with deficient response inhibition in women but not in men. | Nederkoorn C et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Illicit use of prescription stimulants among college students: prescription status, motives, theory of planned behaviour, knowledge and self-diagnostic tendencies. | Judson R et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Impact of age at first drink on vulnerability to alcohol-related problems: testing the marker hypothesis in a prospective study of young adults. | Buchmann AF et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Impact of a preventive intervention targeting childhood disruptive behavior problems on tobacco and alcohol initiation from age 10 to 13 years. | van Lier PA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Influence of antisocial and psychopathic traits on decision-making biases in alcoholics. | Miranda R et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Obesity and its relationship to addictions: is overeating a form of addictive behavior? | Barry D et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood: A population-based study. | Latvala A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Substance use disorders and ADHD. | Bukstein O | β | 2009 | β |
| The enrichment study of the Minnesota twin family study: increasing the yield of twin families at high risk for externalizing psychopathology. | Keyes MA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The neurobiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Curatolo P et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Tobacco smoking in individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: epidemiology and pharmacological approaches to cessation. | Gray KM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Treatment of aggressive ADHD in children and adolescents: conceptualization and treatment of comorbid behavior disorders. | McBurnett K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Underage alcohol use: summary of developmental processes and mechanisms: ages 16-20. | Brown SA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Young adult gambling behaviors and their relationship with the persistence of ADHD. | Breyer JL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A developmental perspective on alcohol and youths 16 to 20 years of age. | Brown SA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| ADHD: does parenting style matter? | Modesto-Lowe V et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Advanced twin designs. | Althoff RR | β | 2008 | β |
| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the context of a high intellectual quotient/giftedness. | Antshel KM | β | 2008 | β |
| Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: common and specific influences. | Iacono WG et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Conduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics study. | Anney RJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Depressed mood in childhood and subsequent alcohol use through adolescence and young adulthood. | Crum RM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Developmental and behavioral disorders grown up. | Palfrey JS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Does childhood treatment of ADHD with stimulant medication affect substance abuse in adulthood? | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. | Verdejo-GarcΓa A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Multiple-domain predictors of problematic alcohol use in young adulthood. | Kramer JR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| No increase in long-term risk for nicotine use disorders after treatment with methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): evidence from a non-randomised retrospective study. | Huss M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Smoking cessation and inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity: a post hoc analysis. | Covey LS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Temporal stability of ADHD in the high-IQ population: results from the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of ADHD. | Antshel KM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Trajectories of childhood aggression and inattention/hyperactivity: differential effects on substance abuse in adolescence. | Jester JM et al. | β | 2008 | β |