controls protective_against smoking

Subject: controls
Relation: protective_against
Object: smoking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (1 sources)

Characterising smoking and smoking cessation attempts by risk of alcohol dependence: A representative, cross-sectional study of adults in England between 2014-2021. (2022) PMID:35814338 cited

Prevalence was 19% (current smoking, 18%) among non-drinkers, markedly lower than other groups

confidence: 0.85