tobacco use risk_factor_for ischemic heart disease
Evidence from:
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all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
(2012)
PMID:23245609
cited
compiled study-level estimates of the RR of mortality associated with ... active smoking ... for the following outcomes: ischaemic heart disease ...
confidence: 0.93
Alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases: epidemiology and policy implications.
(2011)
PMID:21819471
cited
These same risk factors together account for over three quarters of deaths from ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease.
confidence: 0.94