Regarding pro-inflammatory genes, tissue necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were not affected by Wy-14643 and fenofibrate. However, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, showed a similar pattern of influence by Wy-14643 and fenofibrate to that on PPARα (Fig. 3B–I).
