is less likely to be expressed in such environments (73). Sampling a greater number of participants with increased risks for AUD might increase the likelihood of finding FH effects on neuromaturation. Third, our OA group was not wholly comprised of FHN youth. Our FH-mixed OA group may have diminished our ability to detect FH effects. Fourth, as these data are cross-sectional in nature, longitudinal follow-up data in early adulthood will be needed to fully test the neuromaturational lag hypothesis, and to examine whether the FHP youth do indeed catch up to the FHN youth. Fifth, failure to include bidirectional relationships between regions of interest limits our ability to accurately represent neural networks.