On the other hand, Angelucci et al. [13] failed to find differences in serum BDNF levels between cannabis abusers and controls. Instead, they found that serum NGF levels were significantly reduced in cannabis abusers as compared to healthy controls. In contrast, Jockers-Scherubl clearly found elevated serum NGF levels in schizophrenic patients with cannabis abuse relative to non-abusers and controls. They concluded that the increase in serum NGF reflected an increase in NGF in response to neuronal “damage” induced by cannabis abuse. Clearly, further work is needed in this area.