Under hypothesis 2 we also predicted that American Indians and African Americans would have more school suspensions/expulsions, a behavior that is not currently part of the DSM criteria, than individuals with EA heritage, as well as have higher symptom counts. In order to further determine the potential effect of school suspension/expulsions we compared participants with a history of school suspension/expulsion to those with no school suspensions/expulsions and found that those suspended/expelled from school were: younger, attained fewer years of education, were more likely to be African American or American Indian, be male, have a lower economic status, have ASPD, have a history of being arrested and have higher overall antisocial symptom counts (all p<0.001).
