In our meta-analysis, we also include the results of a GWAS study of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which identified three genome-wide significant loci for DBDs [19]. The present study considers multiple measures of ASB in people with and without psychiatric diagnoses across 28 samples to reveal the genetic underpinnings of ASB phenotypes typically studied in psychology, psychiatry, and criminology. These larger samples allow well-powered genetic correlation analyses and improved polygenic risk scores (PRS). Five independent cohorts (total N = 8058) were employed to validate the ASB PRS in different populations, at different developmental stages, and for different ASB phenotypes. Moreover, we conducted a follow-up analysis by using a mouse model of pathological aggression. Since ASB is known to correlate phenotypically with an array of cognitive and health problems [20-23], we tested for genetic overlap between ASB and a range of other traits and disorders, including anthropometric, cognitive, reproductive, neuropsychiatric, and smoking.
