We did not observe any GWAS-significant (p = 5.00E−08) or even nominally significant (p < 0.05) associations with any of the SNPs that have been previously associated with OUD and opioid dependence ([6, 8–13] Supplementary Table 5). However, the largest available GWAS of OUD supported our finding for rs640561 (p = 6.42E-03; Supplementary Table 5).