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Chunk #4 — Introduction

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Modeling Human Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neuronal Differentiation and Its Applications in Neurotrauma.
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A successful management of the outcome of somatic cell reprograming to iPSCs is related to both the reprograming technique and the type of cells that are used. Here, it is important to note that although fibroblasts are the most widely used cells for iPSCs generation, this does not necessarily mean that they represent the highest efficacy. In fact, since the first approach toward creating iPSCs was obtained from fibroblasts (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006), subsequent protocols tried to reproduce that process before other alternatives for fibroblasts were investigated. Fibroblasts are easy to cultivate in culture and much is known about these cells in research. An important characteristic of these cells that makes them great candidates is the low methylation levels of the promotor regions of OCT4 and NANOG that can be associated with the favorable reprogramming of the cells. Furthermore, fibroblasts can be easily obtained from patients through biopsy and are relatively inexpensive and widely commercially available by many companies. However, the fact that fibroblasts are highly proliferative poses few disadvantages as the non-programmed fibroblasts can have the opportunity to overgrow