to attentional processing45,46. Compared to these studies however, the current study utilized a paradigm that did not utilize an attentional comparison. Additionally, our study was designed to investigate the effects of use disorder, and therefore our test of the main effect of CUD effectively compared cannabis users without use disorder to cannabis users with CUD. Thus, our lack of CUD findings may simply indicate that the addiction circuitry related to CUD may not involve these particular visuo-spatial processing responses. Although speculative, the independence of our AUD effect may indicate specificity that could be useful in the development of AUD biomarkers. That is, although AUD and CUD are addictive disorders that show high rates of comorbidity with each other, our findings may reflect underlying pathology that makes these disorders distinct rather than the potentially overlapping pathology that makes addictive disorders highly comorbid.