Rodent models of addiction have been studied for decades.79 QTL mapping of alcohol withdrawal identified several loci reproducibly: for example, one replicated locus involves nonsynonymous variants in GABRA2.80 Deletion of GABAA receptor α1 or β2 subunits leads to reduced loss of the righting reflex in response to alcohol, as well as reduced consequences in response to other drugs.81 Conversely, sensitivity to alcohol can be manipulated by overexpression or reduction of the activity of the GABA transporter.82
