body-mass index (adult)Colon and rectum cancer0····380····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Liver cancer0····340····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer0····100····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Pancreatic cancer0····200····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Breast cancer (post menopause)0····442····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Breast cancer (pre-menopause)0····258····NoYesYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Uterine cancer0····370····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Ovarian cancer0····313····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Kidney cancer0····280····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Thyroid cancer0····160····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Multiple myeloma0····20········YesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Leukaemia0····170····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Ischaemic heart disease0····129······NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Ischaemic stroke0····102······NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Haemorrhagic stroke0····129······NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Hypertensive heart disease0····85······NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Atrial fibrillation and flutter0····50······NoYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Asthma0····70······YesYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Alzheimer's disease and other dementias0····60······NoYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Gallbladder disease0····160······YesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Diabetes mellitus0····85······YesYesYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Chronic kidney disease0····57······NoYesYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Osteoarthritis0····320····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Low back pain0····50····NoYesYesYes2High body-mass index (adult)Gout0····100······YesYesNo2High body-mass index (adult)Cataract0····170······YesYesNo2High body-mass index (child)Asthma0····50····NoYesYesNo2Low bone mineral densityInjuries0····12······NoYesYesYes2Impaired kidney functionIschaemic heart disease0····60····Yes··YesYes2Impaired kidney functionIschaemic stroke0····60····Yes··YesYes2Impaired kidney functionHaemorrhagic stroke0····80····Yes··YesYes2Impaired kidney functionPeripheral vascular disease0····50····Yes··YesYes2Impaired kidney functionGout0····3000Yes··YesNoIf multiple reports existed from the same study, we counted them as one study. We only assessed the dose–response relationship for continuous risks. To evaluate the magnitude of the effect size for continuous risks, we evaluated the relative risk comparing the 75th percentile with the 25th percentile of the exposure distribution at the global level. RCT=randomised controlled trial. RR=relative risk.*Prospective cohort studies or
