These in vitro results have been recapitulated in vivo in rodent models. Measurement of serum cytokine levels 2 hours following a one time administration of ethanol at 6g/kg body weight by oral gavage in female mice (a murine model of binge drinking that yields a peak BAC of approximately 0.4%, which results in loss of consciousness in humans) showed decreased production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 in response to TLR2/TLR6 (zymosan A Saccharomyces cerevisiae), TLR4 (LPS), TLR5 (bacterial flagellin), TLR7 (R-848) and TLR9 (CpG DNA) ligands administered by intraperitoneal or intravenous injection at the same time as ethanol (Pruett, Zheng et al. 2004). In addition, production of IL-10 in response to TLR2/6 stimulation was increased (Pruett, Zheng et al. 2004). This same treatment also inhibited the in vitro production of IL-6 and IL-12 by peritoneal macrophages harvested 2 hours following injection of LPS (Pruett, Fan et al. 2005). Finally, ethanol administered at 6g/kg but not 3g/kg by oral gavage in mice significantly increased serum concentrations of positive acute phase proteins amyloid A and P that arise early in the
