Child characteristics included intelligence (Nigg & Huang-Pollock, 2003), social information processing (Dodge, Pettit, Bates, & Valente, 1995), reward sensitivity (Goodnight et al., 2006), internalizing problems (Keiley et al., 2000), language ability (Petersen et al., 2013; Petersen, Bates, & Staples, in press), and aspects of temperament (Keiley, Bates, Dodge, & Pettit, 2001). Stress included individual stress (Kim, Conger, Elder, & Lorenz, 2003), family stress (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998), and sleep problems (Goodnight, Bates, Staples, Pettit, & Dodge, 2007). Pregnancy risks for the target child included medical complications (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998), and having been born to a teenage mother (Wakschlag et al., 2000) or from an unplanned pregnancy (Hayatbakhsh et al., 2011). Family background characteristics included the ratio of children to adults in the home (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998), and whether or not the mother was a single mother (Ackerman, D’Eramo, Umylny, Schultz, & Izard, 2001), the father was low in caregiving (Mott, Kowaleski-Jones, & Menaghan, 1997), the mother was cohabiting with a non-marital partner (Ackerman et al., 2001), the parents divorced (Lansford et al., 2006), or the individual himself or
