Parental adjustment included mothers’ and fathers’ alcohol/drug use (Connell & Goodman, 2002) and arrests (Dallaire & Wilson, 2010; Odgers et al., 2008). Peer influences included social preference with peers (Keiley, Lofthouse, Bates, Dodge, & Pettit, 2003) and peer deviance (Goodnight, Bates, Newman, Dodge, & Pettit, 2006; Odgers et al., 2008).
