Aspects of parenting received in childhood included parental values toward aggression (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998), positive parenting (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998), parental involvement (Beyers, Bates, Pettit, & Dodge, 2003), parental monitoring (Beyers et al., 2003), interparental conflict (Buehler et al., 1997; Odgers et al., 2008), and exposure to violence (Dodge et al., 1994), harsh discipline (Dodge et al., 1994), spanking (Gershoff, Lansford, Sexton, Davis-Kean, & Sameroff, 2012), and physical harm (Deater-Deckard et al., 1998; Odgers et al., 2008).
