Consistent with prior studies, women with AD had higher rates than men of mood, anxiety, and most personality disorders (Kessler et al., 1997), whereas men with AD were more likely to have comorbid substance use disorders and ASPD, reflecting broad gender patterns in the general population (Kessler et al., 1994). The interaction terms in the logistic regression analysis showed that women with AD did not have a higher risk than men with AD for any specific internalizing disorder. However, the interaction terms in the logistic regression analyses did yield the novel finding that women with AD had a higher risk than men with AD for most externalizing disorders. The mechanisms underlying this counter-intuitive result are unknown. One possibility, however, may involve the fact women with AD are more likely than men to have a family history of alcohol use disorders, as found in this study and others (Dawson and Grant, 1998). Individuals with a family history of alcohol use disorders are at greater risk of manifesting externalizing disorders (Hill et al., 2008). Conduct disorder in particular has been consistently associated
