We also estimated genetic correlations between general risk tolerance and 28 additional phenotypes (Fig. 2 and in Supplementary Table 9). These included phenotypes for which we could obtain summary statistics from previous GWAS, as well as five phenotypes for which we conducted new GWAS. The estimated genetic correlations for the personality traits extraversion (r^g = 0.51, SE = 0.03), neuroticism (–0.42, SE = 0.04), and openness to experience (0.33, SE = 0.03) are significantly distinguishable from zero after Bonferroni correction and are substantially larger in magnitude than previously reported phenotypic correlations26, pointing to shared genetic influences among general risk tolerance and these traits. After Bonferroni correction, we also found significant positive genetic correlations with the neuropsychiatric phenotypes ADHD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Viewed in light of the genetic correlations we found with some supplementary phenotypes and additional risky behaviors classified as externalizing (e.g., substance use, elevated sexual behavior, and fast driving), these results suggest the hypothesis that the overlap with the neuropsychiatric phenotypes is driven by their externalizing component27.
