Camchong and coworkers (2011) recently observed increased positive connectivity between the ACC and dlPFC in a sample of active cocaine users (n=27). While the direction of this connectivity change initially seems counter-intuitive and contradictory to those results discussed above, greater rsFC in this ACC-dlPFC circuit was in fact associated with poorer task performance during reversal learning. Of note, the ACC seed chosen was located rostral to the dorsal ACC region typically associated with situations necessitating elevated cognitive control (Carter and van Veen, 2007; Ridderinkhof et al., 2004). Rostral ACC and adjacent vmPFC regions are considered part of a “task-negative” or default-mode network (DMN) that typically deactivates during task performance (Gusnard and Raichle 2001; Buckner et al., 2008) and shows negative connectivity with cognitive control regions during tasks and “at rest” (Fox et al., 2005; Kelly et al., 2008; Prado and Weissman, 2011). Moreover, altered connectivity between default-mode and cognitive control regions has been reported in smokers following nicotine abstinence and linked with withdrawal-related cognitive deficits (Cole et al., 2011). Importantly, Camchong and coworkers (2011) examined rsFC in current cocaine users,
