Resting state functional connectivity in addiction: Lessons learned and a road ahead.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Sutherland, Matthew T; McHugh, Meredith J; Pariyadath, Vani; Stein, Elliot A
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- NeuroImage
- PMID
- 22326834
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.117
- PMCID
- PMC3401637
Despite intensive scientific investigation and public health imperatives, drug addiction treatment outcomes have not significantly improved in more than 50 years. Non-invasive brain imaging has, over the past several decades, contributed important new insights into the neuroplastic adaptations that result from chronic drug intake, but additional experimental approaches and neurobiological hypotheses are needed to better capture the totality of the motivational, affective, cognitive, genetic and pharmacological complexities of the disease. Recent advances in assessing network dynamics through resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) may allow for such systems-level assessments. In this review, we first summarize the nascent addiction-related rsFC literature and suggest that in using this tool, circuit connectivity may inform specific neurobiological substrates underlying psychological dysfunctions associated with reward, affective and cognitive processing often observed in drug addicts. Using nicotine addiction as an exemplar, we subsequently provide a heuristic framework to guide future research by linking recent findings from intrinsic network connectivity studies with those interrogating nicotine's neuropharmacological actions. Emerging evidence supports a critical role for the insula in nicotine addiction. Likewise, the anterior insula, potentially together with the anterior cingulate cortex, appears to pivotally influence the dynamics between large-scale brain networks subserving internal (default-mode network) and external (executive control network) information processing. We suggest that a better understanding of how the insula modulates the interaction between these networks is critical for elucidating both the cognitive impairments often associated with withdrawal and the performance-enhancing effects of nicotine administration. Such an understanding may be usefully applied in the design and development of novel smoking cessation treatments.
(A) Summary of regions showing reduced rsFC strength with MCL seed regions in cocaine-users relative to matched non-using controls (Reproduced from Gu et al., 2010). (B) Difference map illustrating reduced rsFC between an amygdala seed and medial PFC/rostral ACC regions in cocaine-users relative to matched non-using controls (Reproduced from Gu et al., 2010). (C) Top right displays a difference map showing stronger interhemispheric connectivity between lateral PFC regions among non-using controls relative to cocaine-users. Bottom right shows self-reported cognitive failures as a function of reduced lateral PFC interhemispheric connectivity (reproduced from Kelly et al., 2011).
State and trait components of nicotine addiction. (A) Two of the seven resting state networks that showed enhanced connectivity under nicotine relative to placebo administration in minimally deprived (~4.5hrs) smokers. Left image shows enhanced rsFC between a dorsal ACC (dACC) seed (blue oval) and a region encompassing the superior parietal lobe and post-central gyrus. Right image shows enhanced rsFC between a mid cingulate cortex (MCC) seed and a region encompassing the post-central gyrus and inferior parietal lobe. (B) Negative correlation between scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and rsFC strength in smokers between the right striatum (blue) and a dACC seed in minimally deprived (grey triangles) and nicotine sated (red diamonds) conditions. (Reproduced from Hong et al., 2009).
Two components derived from a spatial Independent Components Analysis of BOLD activity during performance of a speeded flanker task. (A) A “task positive” component that includes the dorsal ACC and supplementary motor area (pictured in red/yellow) as well as the anterior insula and dorsal premotor area (not pictured), showing a pattern of activation consistent with engagement of these regions in performance monitoring. (B) A “task negative” component that includes the PCC (pictured in blue/green), precuneus and retrosplenial cortex (not pictured) showing task-related deactivation consistent with the identification of these regions as part of the default-mode network. (C) Activity in the “task negative” component shows a linear increase in activity preceding response errors (Reproduced from Eichele et al., 2008).
Nicotine’s impact on default-mode functioning. (A) Nicotine enhanced deactivation in DMN regions (PCC, dmPFC) in minimally deprived (~3 hrs) smokers under nicotine (relative to placebo) administration during a spatial attention task. (B) Nicotine-induced deactivation in the PCC correlates with reduced reaction time (difference values reflect Nicotine - Placebo). (Reproduced from Hahn et al., 2007). (C) Nicotine (relative to pre-nicotine baseline) reduced activity in DMN regions (vmPFC, PCC, precuneus) of non-smokers (Reproduced from Tanabe et al., 2011). (D) Example time-courses of DMN (blue) and ECN (red) activity during the resting state under nicotine and placebo conditions in two abstinent (~12 hrs) smokers. Top graphs illustrate enhanced negative coupling between the DMN and ECN following nicotine in an individual reporting decreased withdrawal symptoms following nicotine replacement. Bottom graphs show little change in DMN-ECN coupling following nicotine administration in an individual reporting no change in withdrawal symptoms (Reproduced from Cole et al 2010).
Increased activity in DMN regions in response to cues. (A) BOLD activation in DMN regions (PCC, precuneus) to heroin-related versus neutral cues in opioid-dependent individuals (Reproduced from Wang et al., 2010). (B,C). Heroin-related cues increase BOLD activation in DMN regions (vmPFC, hippocampus) and the insula immediately prior to and after a methadone dose in opioid-dependent individuals (Reproduced from Langelben et al. 2008).
Insula involvement in nicotine addiction and attentional processes. (A) Greater gray matter density in smokers (n=48) relative to matched controls in the left insula. (Reproduced from Zhang et al., 2010) (B) Increased insula activity to smoking-related versus neutral cues is positively correlated with attention to smoking-cues in an affective Stroop task. (Reproduced from Janes et al., 2010). (C). Difference map and bar graph illustrating enhanced BOLD deactivations in the insula under nicotine relative to placebo conditions during a sustained attention task (RVIP) but not a sensorimotor control task in minimally deprived (~3 hrs) smokers. (Reproduced from Lawrence et al., 2002).
A proposed model of activity within and between the DMN, executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN) under nicotine abstinence (A) and following acute nicotine administration (B). Arrow thickness between and within networks reflects the hypothesized strength of interactions between networks. The thick arrow between the insula and endogenously relevant interoceptive events in (A) reflects an influx of such events during nicotine abstinence. Similarly, thick arrows between the dACC and ECN and their conceptual outputs in (B) reflects an enhanced capacity to engage in task execution and performance monitoring following nicotine administration.
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| Emotion dysregulation and body mass index: The explanatory role of emotional eating among adult smokers. | Jones J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Evidence of subgroups in smokers as revealed in clinical measures and evaluated by neuroimaging data: a preliminary study. | Ding X et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Frontostriatal Resting State Functional Connectivity in Resilient and Non-Resilient Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. | Martz ME et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Functional and structural connectivity of the executive control network in college binge drinkers. | Sousa SS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder. | Flannery JS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Internet gaming disorder: deficits in functional and structural connectivity in the ventral tegmental area-Accumbens pathway. | Wang R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Machine learning: assessing neurovascular signals in the prefrontal cortex with non-invasive bimodal electro-optical neuroimaging in opiate addiction. | Ieong HF et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Oxytocin-Induced Changes in Intrinsic Network Connectivity in Cocaine Use Disorder: Modulation by Gender, Childhood Trauma, and Years of Use. | Joseph JE et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Preservation Effect: Cigarette Smoking Acts on the Dynamic of Influences Among Unifying Neuropsychiatric Triple Networks in Schizophrenia. | Liao W et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Prolonged Bedtime Smartphone Use is Associated With Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Insula in Adult Smartphone Users. | Paik SH et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Reward and executive control network resting-state functional connectivity is associated with impulsivity during reward-based decision making for cocaine users. | Hobkirk AL et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Short-term Sahaja Yoga meditation training modulates brain structure and spontaneous activity in the executive control network. | Dodich A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The impacts of actual and perceived nicotine administration on insula functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. | Perry RN et al. | — | 2019 | → |
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| Triple Network Resting State Connectivity Predicts Distress Tolerance and Is Associated with Cocaine Use. | Reese ED et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Abnormal frontostriatal tracts in young male tobacco smokers. | Yuan K et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Altered gray matter volume and disrupted functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in men with heroin dependence. | Lin HC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A method to assess randomness of functional connectivity matrices. | Vergara VM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Brain intrinsic network connectivity in individuals with frequent tanning behavior. | Ketcherside A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cannabis users exhibit increased cortical activation during resting state compared to non-users. | Prashad S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cerebellar Gray Matter Reductions Associate With Decreased Functional Connectivity in Nicotine-Dependent Individuals. | Shen Z et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Changes in resting state functional brain connectivity and withdrawal symptoms are associated with acute electronic cigarette use. | Hobkirk AL et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia independently and reversibly altered intrinsic brain activity. | Liu H et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Combined rTMS/fMRI Studies: An Overlooked Resource in Animal Models. | Seewoo BJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Combining gray matter volume in the cuneus and the cuneus-prefrontal connectivity may predict early relapse in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. | Wang J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Disrupted coupling of large-scale networks is associated with relapse behaviour in heroin-dependent men. | Li Q et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Distinct intrinsic functional brain network abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent patients with and without a history of psychosis. | Ipser JC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Emotion recognition and its relation to prefrontal function and network in heroin plus nicotine dependence: a pilot study. | Ieong HF et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Exploring the Neuroplastic Effects of Biofeedback Training on Smokers. | Pandria N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Extrinsic functional connectivity of the default mode network in crack-cocaine users. | Martins DLN et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Functional Neurocircuits and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Tobacco Use Disorder. | Sutherland MT et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Increased Randomness of Functional Network Connectivity in Nicotine and Alcohol Consumers. | Vergara VM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Internet Game Overuse Is Associated With an Alteration of Fronto-Striatal Functional Connectivity During Reward Feedback Processing. | Kim J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Machine Learning of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Network Connectivity Predicts Substance Abuse Treatment Completion. | Steele VR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Mapping brain functional alterations in betel-quid chewers using resting-state fMRI and network analysis. | Weng JC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Neurobiological Considerations for Tobacco Use Disorder. | Chawla M et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Neuroimaging Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution in Human Drug Addiction: A Systematic Review. | Zilverstand A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Nicotine Abstinence Influences the Calculation of Salience in Discrete Insular Circuits. | Fedota JR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Parenting and Salience Network Connectivity Among African Americans: A Protective Pathway for Health-Risk Behaviors. | Holmes CJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Phase IIb Trial of an α7 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist With and Without Nicotine Patch for Withdrawal-Associated Cognitive Deficits and Tobacco Abstinence. | Schuster RM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Presumed structural and functional neural recovery after long-term abstinence from cocaine in male military veterans. | He Q et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Problematic alcohol use associates with sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1) in trauma-exposed populations. | Almli LM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Resting-state Abnormalities in Heroin-dependent Individuals. | Pandria N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Lateral and Medial Hypothalamus in Cocaine Dependence: An Exploratory Study. | Zhang S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Self-changing behaviour in smoking cessation linked to trait and cognitive impulsivity. | Celma-Merola J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Striato-cortical tracts predict 12-h abstinence-induced lapse in smokers. | Yuan K et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Subregions of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Form Distinct Functional Connectivity Patterns in Young Males With Internet Gaming Disorder With Comorbid Depression. | Lee D et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Systemic blockade of LPA<sub>1/3</sub> lysophosphatidic acid receptors by ki16425 modulates the effects of ethanol on the brain and behavior. | Sánchez-Marín L et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Comorbidity Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Depression: Interrelationship and Neural Mechanisms. | Liu L et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Impact of Combinations of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Cannabis on Dynamic Brain Connectivity. | Vergara VM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The relationship between interleukin-6 and functional connectivity in methamphetamine users. | Kohno M et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The role of the dorsal anterior insula in sexual risk: Evidence from an erotic Go/NoGo task and real-world risk-taking. | Xue F et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The salience network and human personality: Integrity of white matter tracts within anterior and posterior salience network relates to the self-directedness character trait. | Prillwitz CC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Transcranial DC stimulation modifies functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks in abstinent methamphetamine users. | Shahbabaie A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Would induction of dopamine homeostasis via coupling genetic addiction risk score (GARS®) and pro-dopamine regulation benefit benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD)? | Blum K et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| 12h abstinence-induced right anterior insula network pattern changes in young smokers. | Bi Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex of heroin users and its relationship with anxiety: a pilot fNIRS study. | Ieong HF et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Alterations of resting state functional network connectivity in the brain of nicotine and alcohol users. | Vergara VM et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Altered coupling of default-mode, executive-control and salience networks in Internet gaming disorder. | Zhang JT et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Altered default mode, fronto-parietal and salience networks in adolescents with Internet addiction. | Wang L et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Altered resting state functional connectivity of anterior insula in young smokers. | Bi Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Altered thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity in smokers. | Wang C et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Analysis of Resting-State fMRI Topological Graph Theory Properties in Methamphetamine Drug Users Applying Box-Counting Fractal Dimension. | Siyah Mansoory M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Associations Between Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Inhibitory Control and Amphetamine Reward Sensitivity. | Weafer J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Changes in Effective Connectivity Network Patterns in Drug Abusers, Treated With Different Methods. | Zare Sadeghi A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Cingulate cortex functional connectivity predicts future relapse in alcohol dependent individuals. | Zakiniaeiz Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Combining Multiple Resting-State fMRI Features during Classification: Optimized Frameworks and Their Application to Nicotine Addiction. | Ding X et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| CYP2A6 Genetic Variation Alters Striatal-Cingulate Circuits, Network Hubs, and Executive Processing in Smokers. | Li S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Dedifferentiation Does Not Account for Hyperconnectivity after Traumatic Brain Injury. | Bernier RA et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task. | Daughters SB et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Executive Control and Striatal Resting-State Network Interact with Risk Factors to Influence Treatment Outcomes in Alcohol-Use Disorder. | Kohno M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Executive control network connectivity strength protects against relapse to cocaine use. | McHugh MJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Functional and structural neural alterations in Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | Yao YW et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Functional network connectivity predicts treatment outcome during treatment of nicotine use disorder. | Wilcox CE et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Impaired executive control and reward circuit in Internet gaming addicts under a delay discounting task: independent component analysis. | Wang Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Left frontal pole theta burst stimulation decreases orbitofrontal and insula activity in cocaine users and alcohol users. | Hanlon CA et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| MAOA rs1137070 and heroin addiction interactively alter gray matter volume of the salience network. | Sun Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Neural correlates of response inhibition in current and former smokers. | Weywadt CR et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| New developments in brain research of internet and gaming disorder. | Weinstein A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Preliminary Evidence for Disrupted Nucleus Accumbens Reactivity and Connectivity to Reward in Binge Drinkers. | Crane NA et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Salience and default mode network dysregulation in chronic cocaine users predict treatment outcome. | Geng X et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The first day is always the hardest: Functional connectivity during cue exposure and the ability to resist smoking in the initial hours of a quit attempt. | Zelle SL et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate pathway: New evidence for cue-induced craving of smokers. | Yuan K et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The neurobiology of addiction: the perspective from magnetic resonance imaging present and future. | Suckling J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Unseen scars: Cocaine patients with prior trauma evidence heightened resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the amygdala and limbic-striatal regions. | Gawrysiak MJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Abnormal gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity in former heroin-dependent individuals abstinent for multiple years. | Wang L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Abnormal interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity of the insula in heroin users under methadone maintenance treatment. | Wang PW et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Accelerated HF-rTMS Protocol has a Rate-Dependent Effect on dACC Activation in Alcohol-Dependent Patients: An Open-Label Feasibility Study. | Herremans SC et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions. | Zhu X et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Alterations in Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity in Alcohol Dependent Patients and Possible Association with Impulsivity. | Wang J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder. | Zhang JT et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder. | Zhang JT et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Cannabis and cocaine decrease cognitive impulse control and functional corticostriatal connectivity in drug users with low activity DBH genotypes. | Ramaekers JG et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Cocaine dependence and thalamic functional connectivity: a multivariate pattern analysis. | Zhang S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Constituents and functional implications of the rat default mode network. | Hsu LM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Decreased Thalamocortical Connectivity in Chronic Ketamine Users. | Liao Y et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Differential Effects of Brain Disorders on Structural and Functional Connectivity. | Vega-Pons S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Dorsal anterior cingulate glutamate is associated with engagement of the default mode network during exposure to smoking cues. | Janes AC et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Effects of yohimbine and drug cues on impulsivity and attention in cocaine-dependent men and women and sex-matched controls. | Moran-Santa Maria MM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Functional Connectivity During Exposure to Favorite-Food, Stress, and Neutral-Relaxing Imagery Differs Between Smokers and Nonsmokers. | Garrison KA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Functional Connectivity Hubs and Networks in the Awake Marmoset Brain. | Belcher AM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Functional neuroimaging for addiction medicine: From mechanisms to practical considerations. | Ekhtiari H et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Higher Dimensional Meta-State Analysis Reveals Reduced Resting fMRI Connectivity Dynamism in Schizophrenia Patients. | Miller RL et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Individual variation in functional brain connectivity: implications for personalized approaches to psychiatric disease. | Finn ES et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Insula Demonstrates a Non-Linear Response to Varying Demand for Cognitive Control and Weaker Resting Connectivity With the Executive Control Network in Smokers. | Fedota JR et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Lower gray matter density and functional connectivity in the anterior insula in smokers compared with never smokers. | Stoeckel LE et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. | Moeller SJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neuroscience of drug craving for addiction medicine: From circuits to therapies. | Ekhtiari H et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neuroticism and extraversion moderate neural responses and effective connectivity during appetitive conditioning. | Schweckendiek J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Nucleus accumbens functional connectivity discriminates medication-overuse headache. | Torta DM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Perspectives on neurocognitive rehabilitation as an adjunct treatment for addictive disorders: From cognitive improvement to relapse prevention. | Rezapour T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Reduced Default Mode Connectivity in Adolescents With Conduct Disorder. | Broulidakis MJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Reduced Functional Connectivity within the Mesocorticolimbic System in Substance Use Disorders: An fMRI Study of Puerto Rican Young Adults. | Posner J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Resting state functional connectivity analysis for addiction medicine: From individual loci to complex networks. | Pariyadath V et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Romantic Love vs. Drug Addiction May Inspire a New Treatment for Addiction. | Zou Z et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Semiological classification of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. | Asadi-Pooya AA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Smoking Abstinence-Induced Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity with Ventral Striatum Predict Lapse During a Quit Attempt. | Sweitzer MM et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Top-Down Network Effective Connectivity in Abstinent Substance Dependent Individuals. | Regner MF et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens in multi-year abstinent heroin addicts. | Zou F et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Altered gray matter density and disrupted functional connectivity of the amygdala in adults with Internet gaming disorder. | Ko CH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A pilot study investigating changes in neural processing after mindfulness training in elite athletes. | Haase L et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Brain structures and functional connectivity associated with individual differences in Internet tendency in healthy young adults. | Li W et al. | — | 2015 | → |
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| Conflict anticipation in alcohol dependence - A model-based fMRI study of stop signal task. | Hu S et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| CREB-BDNF pathway influences alcohol cue-elicited activation in drinkers. | Chen J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Decreased functional connectivity between ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in Internet gaming disorder: evidence from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. | Zhang JT et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Decreased functional connectivity in an executive control network is related to impaired executive function in Internet gaming disorder. | Dong G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) circuitry in rodent models of cocaine use: implications for drug addiction therapies. | Jasinska AJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Emotion regulation in heavy smokers: experiential, expressive and physiological consequences of cognitive reappraisal. | Wu L et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin. | Lebedev AV et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Functional connectivity in frontal-striatal brain networks and cocaine self-administration in female rhesus monkeys. | Murnane KS et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Greater externalizing personality traits predict less error-related insula and anterior cingulate cortex activity in acutely abstinent cigarette smokers. | Carroll AJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Impact of real-time fMRI working memory feedback training on the interactions between three core brain networks. | Zhang Q et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Interactions between the salience and default-mode networks are disrupted in cocaine addiction. | Liang X et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Mindfulness, Mechanisms and Meaning: Perspectives from the Cognitive Neuroscience of Addiction. | McConnell PA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Multivariate classification of smokers and nonsmokers using SVM-RFE on structural MRI images. | Ding X et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Neurobiological impact of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies. | Sutherland MT et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Noninvasive brain stimulation to suppress craving in substance use disorders: Review of human evidence and methodological considerations for future work. | Hone-Blanchet A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Reduced executive and default network functional connectivity in cigarette smokers. | Weiland BJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Reduced frontal cortical thickness and increased caudate volume within fronto-striatal circuits in young adult smokers. | Li Y et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Reduced Sensitivity to Sooner Reward During Intertemporal Decision-Making Following Insula Damage in Humans. | Sellitto M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Resting-state functional connectivity and nicotine addiction: prospects for biomarker development. | Fedota JR et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Revisiting the role of the insula in addiction. | Droutman V et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Right anterior insula connectivity is important for cue-induced craving in nicotine-dependent smokers. | Moran-Santa Maria MM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor interactions with dopamine function: implications for therapeutics in cocaine use disorder. | Howell LL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Sex differences in resting state brain function of cigarette smokers and links to nicotine dependence. | Beltz AM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The Impact of Accelerated Right Prefrontal High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Cue-Reactivity: An fMRI Study on Craving in Recently Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Patients. | Herremans SC et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The inclusion of functional connectivity information into fMRI-based neurofeedback improves its efficacy in the reduction of cigarette cravings. | Kim DY et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Under pressure: adolescent substance users show exaggerated neural processing of aversive interoceptive stimuli. | Berk L et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Working memory-related neural activity predicts future smoking relapse. | Loughead J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Abstinence from cocaine and sucrose self-administration reveals altered mesocorticolimbic circuit connectivity by resting state MRI. | Lu H et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Age-related differences in working memory deficits during nicotine withdrawal. | Falcone M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Altered intrinsic hippocmapus declarative memory network and its association with impulsivity in abstinent heroin dependent subjects. | Zhai TY et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Asymmetry of the structural brain connectome in healthy older adults. | Bonilha L et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Brain regions affected by impaired control modulate responses to alcohol and smoking cues. | Liu J et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Cigarette exposure, dependence, and craving are related to insula thickness in young adult smokers. | Morales AM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Cortico-amygdala coupling as a marker of early relapse risk in cocaine-addicted individuals. | McHugh MJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Dual role of nicotine in addiction and cognition: a review of neuroimaging studies in humans. | Jasinska AJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Factors modulating neural reactivity to drug cues in addiction: a survey of human neuroimaging studies. | Jasinska AJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| fMRI response during figural memory task performance in college drinkers. | Dager AD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Increased functional coupling between the left fronto-parietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper delay discounting in smokers. | Clewett D et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Interoception and drug addiction. | Paulus MP et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Large-scale brain network coupling predicts acute nicotine abstinence effects on craving and cognitive function. | Lerman C et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Machine learning classification of resting state functional connectivity predicts smoking status. | Pariyadath V et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Neural correlates of substance abuse: reduced functional connectivity between areas underlying reward and cognitive control. | Motzkin JC et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Neuroimaging and biomarkers in addiction treatment. | Garrison KA et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| New perspectives on using brain imaging to study CNS stimulants. | Lukas SE | — | 2014 | → |
| Open label smoking cessation with varenicline is associated with decreased glutamate levels and functional changes in anterior cingulate cortex: preliminary findings. | Wheelock MD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Resting state functional connectivity: its physiological basis and application in neuropharmacology. | Lu H et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Sex differences in resting state neural networks of nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers. | Wetherill RR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Temporal difference error prediction signal dysregulation in cocaine dependence. | Rose EJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The development and expression of physical nicotine dependence corresponds to structural and functional alterations in the anterior cingulate-precuneus pathway. | Huang W et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The insula: a critical neural substrate for craving and drug seeking under conflict and risk. | Naqvi NH et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Abnormalities of functional brain networks in pathological gambling: a graph-theoretical approach. | Tschernegg M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| APOE ɛ4, an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility allele, and smoking cessation. | Ashare RL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Association of abstinence-induced alterations in working memory function and COMT genotype in smokers. | Ashare RL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Changes of functional and effective connectivity in smoking replenishment on deprived heavy smokers: a resting-state FMRI study. | Ding X et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Cocaine addiction related reproducible brain regions of abnormal default-mode network functional connectivity: a group ICA study with different model orders. | Ding X et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Decreased functional brain connectivity in adolescents with internet addiction. | Hong SB et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Default mode network in the effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on human executive function. | Bossong MG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Disrupted topological organization in whole-brain functional networks of heroin-dependent individuals: a resting-state FMRI study. | Jiang G et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Down-regulation of amygdala and insula functional circuits by varenicline and nicotine in abstinent cigarette smokers. | Sutherland MT et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Elevated functional connectivity in a striatal-amygdala circuit in pathological gamblers. | Peters J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Exploring functional connectivity networks with multichannel brain array coils. | Anteraper SA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging in rodents: an unique tool to study in vivo pharmacologic neuromodulation. | Jonckers E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Function in the human connectome: task-fMRI and individual differences in behavior. | Barch DM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Increased functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and reward system in pathological gambling. | Koehler S et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Insula's functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediates the impact of trait alexithymia on state tobacco craving. | Sutherland MT et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Iowa Gambling Task (IGT): twenty years after - gambling disorder and IGT. | Brevers D et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Large-scale brain networks in the awake, truly resting marmoset monkey. | Belcher AM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neuroadaptive changes associated with smoking: structural and functional neural changes in nicotine dependence. | Martin-Soelch C | — | 2013 | → |
| Pathological gambling and the loss of willpower: a neurocognitive perspective. | Brevers D et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Resting-state activity in the left executive control network is associated with behavioral approach and is increased in substance dependence. | Krmpotich TD et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Striatal-insula circuits in cocaine addiction: implications for impulsivity and relapse risk. | McHugh MJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Treatment approaches for interoceptive dysfunctions in drug addiction. | Paulus MP et al. | — | 2013 | → |