Male C57BL/6J mice (6–8 weeks old) were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and were housed with a 12 hour daily light/dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum. Experimental procedures performed on animals were in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Morehouse School of Medicine. The animals were randomly divided into three treatment groups: Wy-14643 (30 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), fenofibrate (30 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich), or vehicle (10 ml/kg of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, Sigma-Aldrich). The drugs were given through a feeding needle once per day for 7 consecutive days. The dosages of Wy-14643 and fenofibrate were selected from our previous studies in mouse ischemic stroke models (Inoue et al., 2003; Guo et al., 2010). Neuroinflammation is a significant component of ischemic stroke. For examining the influence of Wy-14643 and fenofibrate in non-LPS injected brain, 5 animals were analyzed in each treatment group. Ten LPS-injected animals for each treatment were randomly subdivided into two groups with
