et al. 2009; Bierut et al. 2010; Olfson and Bierut 2012; Philibert et al. 2009; Ittiwut et al. 2012; Li et al. 2013) have focused specifically on alcohol dependence. However, recent item response theory work has shown that AAD symptoms provide overlapping information on severity (Gelhorn et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2006; Saha et al. 2006; Langenbucher et al. 2004), so we included both alcohol abuse and dependence scores in our analysis. Although many studies have replicated GABRA2 SNP associations with adult alcohol dependence, there have been a few studies whose findings parallel our own (Matthews et al. 2007; Lydall et al. 2011; Onori et al. 2010) or contrast in directionality from the majority (Lind et al. 2008). Matthews et al. (2007) found no association between rs279871 and rs279858 with alcohol dependence in a linkage study. Similarly, Lydall et al. (2011) found no association between rs279871, rs279858, or rs9291283 and alcohol dependence using a case control design. Of particular interest is the study by Onori et al. (2010) examining alcohol use disorders; no significant associations were found with rs567926, rs279871, rs279858, or rs279845. Finally, Lind et al. (2008) found evidence for association with rs279858 with quantitative sum alcohol dependence
