Here we highlight genes that are identified in the regions of association (see also Supplementary Table 7). The loci on chromosomes 2, 7, and 10 each have credible sets localized to a single gene with limited additional annotations. In the chromosome 7 locus, FOXP2 encodes a forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor and is known to play an important role in synapse formation and neural mechanisms mediating the development of speech and learning63–65. Comorbidity of ADHD with specific developmental disorders of language and learning is common (7 – 11%)66,67, and poor language skills have been associated with higher inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in primary school68. On chromosome 10, the ADHD association is intronic, located in SORCS3, which encodes a brain-expressed transmembrane receptor that is important for neuronal development and plasticity69 and has previously been associated with depression43,70.
